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Kluczbork, the Glossary

Kluczbork (Kreuzburg O.S., Kluczborek) is a town in southern Poland with 23,554 inhabitants (2019), situated in the Opole Voivodeship.^[1]

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113 relations: Adam Gdacius, Adjudication, Advocatus, All-Poland Local Government Coalition, Anti-Polish sentiment, Antisemitism, Archaeology, Association football, Bastarnae, Battle of Byczyna, Beekeeper, Bogacica, Bolesław III the Generous, Casimir III the Great, Catholic Church, Celts, Central European Summer Time, Central European Time, Chocianowice, Concrete, Duchy of Brzeg, Duchy of Głogów, Duchy of Legnica, Duchy of Oels, Duchy of Silesia, Economy of Germany, Edyta Górniak, Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II, Fosowskie, French prisoners of war in World War II, Galvanization, German Empire, German language, German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II, Gmina, Gmina Kluczbork, Gustav Freytag, Habsburg monarchy, Hectare, Heinz Piontek, Ilag, Jan Zamoyski, Johann Dzierzon, Jury, Katowice, Kingdom of Prussia, Kluczbork County, Knights of the Cross with the Red Star, Knitted fabric, Kreuzberg (disambiguation), ... Expand index (63 more) »
Cities and towns in Opole Voivodeship
Kluczbork County

Adam Gdacius

Adam Gdacius or Gdacjusz or Gdak, also called Rey of Silesia (1615–1688) was a Polish-language writer and a Lutheran pastor at the Wilna church He was born and died in the Silesian town of Kreuzburg (now Kluczbork), where from 1644 was a deacon and, later, a parish priest.

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Adjudication

Adjudication is the legal process by which an arbiter or judge reviews evidence and argumentation, including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants, to come to a decision which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved.

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Advocatus

During the Middle Ages, an (sometimes given as modern English: advocate; German:; French) was an office-holder who was legally delegated to perform some of the secular responsibilities of a major feudal lord, or for an institution such as an abbey.

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All-Poland Local Government Coalition

The All-Poland Local Government Coalition is an organization in Poland consisting of local government political associations.

See Kluczbork and All-Poland Local Government Coalition

Anti-Polish sentiment

Polonophobia, also referred to as anti-Polonism (Antypolonizm) or anti-Polish sentiment are terms for negative attitudes, prejudices, and actions against Poles as an ethnic group, Poland as their country, and their culture.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.

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Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.

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Bastarnae

The Bastarnae (Latin variants: Bastarni or Basternae; Βαστάρναι or Βαστέρναι), sometimes called the Peuci or Peucini (Πευκῖνοι), were an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited areas north of the Roman frontier on the Lower Danube.

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Battle of Byczyna

The Battle of Byczyna, also known as the Battle of Pitschen (Pitschen; Byczyna), was the deciding battle of the 1587–1588 War of the Polish Succession, which erupted after two rival candidates were elected to the Polish throne.

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Beekeeper

A beekeeper is a person who keeps honey bees, a profession known as beekeeping.

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Bogacica

Bogacica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczbork, within Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Bolesław III the Generous

Boleslaw III (23 September 1291 – 21 April 1352), called the Generous (Polish: Hojny) and the Wasteful (Polish: Rozrzutny) was Duke of Legnica and Brzeg from 1296 until 1342, and Duke of Wrocław from 1296 to 1311.

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Casimir III the Great

Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.

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Central European Summer Time

Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year.

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Central European Time

Central European Time (CET) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

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Chocianowice

Chocianowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lasowice Wielkie, within Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Concrete

Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time.

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Duchy of Brzeg

The Duchy of Brzeg (Księstwo Brzeskie) or Duchy of Brieg (Herzogtum Brieg; Knížectví břežské) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, created in 1311 during the fragmentation of the Duchy of Legnica.

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Duchy of Głogów

The Duchy of Głogów (Księstwo głogowskie, Hlohovské knížectví) or Duchy of Glogau (Herzogtum Glogau) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, formed in course of the medieval fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies.

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Duchy of Legnica

The Duchy of Legnica (Księstwo Legnickie, Lehnické knížectví) or Duchy of Liegnitz (Herzogtum Liegnitz) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, formed during the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, ruled by a local line of the Piast dynasty between 1248 and 1675. Kluczbork and duchy of Legnica are 13th-century establishments in Poland.

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Duchy of Oels

The Duchy of Oleśnica (Księstwo Oleśnickie, Ducatus Olsnensis) or Duchy of Oels (Herzogtum Oels) was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital in Oleśnica in Lower Silesia, Poland.

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Duchy of Silesia

The Duchy of Silesia (Księstwo śląskie, Herzogtum Schlesien, Slezské knížectví) with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval duchy located in the historic Silesian region of Poland.

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Economy of Germany

The economy of Germany is a highly developed social market economy.

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Edyta Górniak

Edyta Anna Górniak (born 14 November 1972) is a Polish pop singer.

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Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II

The flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland was the largest of a series of flights and expulsions of Germans in Europe during and after World War II.

See Kluczbork and Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II

Fosowskie

Fosowskie (Vossowska, 1936-45: Vosswalde), also called Wosowska between 1945 and 1948, is a district of the southern Polish town of Kolonowskie, Strzelce County, Opole Voivodeship, located at the Mała Panew river.

See Kluczbork and Fosowskie

French prisoners of war in World War II

Although no precise estimates exist, the number of French soldiers captured by Nazi Germany during the Battle of France between May and June 1940 is generally recognised around 1.8 million, equivalent to around 10 percent of the total adult male population of France at the time.

See Kluczbork and French prisoners of war in World War II

Galvanization

Galvanization or galvanizing (also spelled galvanisation or galvanising) is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting.

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German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

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German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II

Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps (Kriegsgefangenenlager) during World War II (1939-1945).

See Kluczbork and German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II

Gmina

The gmina (Polish:, plural gminy) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality.

See Kluczbork and Gmina

Gmina Kluczbork

Gmina Kluczbork is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Kluczbork and gmina Kluczbork are kluczbork County.

See Kluczbork and Gmina Kluczbork

Gustav Freytag

Gustav Freytag (13 July 1816 – 30 April 1895) was a German novelist and playwright.

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Habsburg monarchy

The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg.

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Hectare

The hectare (SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), that is, 10,000 square meters (10,000 m2), and is primarily used in the measurement of land.

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Heinz Piontek

Heinz Piontek (15 November 1925 – 26 October 2003) was a German writer.

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Ilag

Ilag is an abbreviation of the German word Internierungslager.

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Jan Zamoyski

Jan Sariusz Zamoyski (Ioannes Zamoyski de Zamoscie; 19 March 1542 – 3 June 1605) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, statesman and the 1st ordynat of Zamość.

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Johann Dzierzon

Johann Dzierzon, or Jan Dzierżon or Dzierżoń, also John Dzierzon (16 January 1811 – 26 October 1906), was a Polish apiarist who discovered the phenomenon of parthenogenesis in bees.

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Jury

A jury is a sworn body of people (jurors) convened to hear evidence, make findings of fact, and render an impartial verdict officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment.

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Katowice

Katowice is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Katowice urban area. As of 2021, Katowice has an official population of 286,960, and a resident population estimate of around 315,000. Katowice is a central part of the Metropolis GZM, with a population of 2.3 million, and a part of a larger Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area that extends into the Czech Republic and has a population of around 5 million people, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the European Union. Kluczbork and Katowice are cities in Silesia.

See Kluczbork and Katowice

Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

See Kluczbork and Kingdom of Prussia

Kluczbork County

Kluczbork County (powiat kluczborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland.

See Kluczbork and Kluczbork County

Knights of the Cross with the Red Star

The Knights of the Cross with the Red Star (Ordo Militaris Crucigerorum cum Rubea Stella, Crucigeri cum rubea stella, Crucigeri stellati, Stelliferi, Rytířský řád Křižovníků s červenou hvězdou, Kreuzherren mit dem Roten Stern, postnominal initials: O.Cr., O.Crucig.), also known as the Military Order of the Crusaders of the Red Star is a Catholic religious order present in the Czech Republic and Austria.

See Kluczbork and Knights of the Cross with the Red Star

Knitted fabric

Knitted fabric is a textile that results from knitting, the process of inter-looping of yarns or inter-meshing of loops.

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Kreuzberg (disambiguation)

Kreuzberg is a German word that means "cross mountain" and may refer to.

See Kluczbork and Kreuzberg (disambiguation)

Kristallnacht

Kristallnacht or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (Novemberpogrome), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's nocat.

See Kluczbork and Kristallnacht

Kuniów

Kuniów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczbork, within Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Kurt Daluege

Kurt Max Franz Daluege (15 September 1897 – 24 October 1946) was a German SS and police official who served as chief of Ordnungspolizei (Order Police) of Nazi Germany from 1936 to 1943, as well as the Deputy/Acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia from 1942 to 1943.

See Kluczbork and Kurt Daluege

Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S.

Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S. was a Prussian district in Silesia, from 1742 to 1945, with its capital at Kreuzburg O.S. (Kluczbork). Kluczbork and Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S. are kluczbork County.

See Kluczbork and Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S.

Lands of the Bohemian Crown

The Lands of the Bohemian Crown were the states in Central Europe during the medieval and early modern periods with feudal obligations to the Bohemian kings.

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Louis II of Brieg

Louis II of Brieg; (1380/85 – 30 May 1436), was a Duke of Brzeg (Brieg) from 1399 (until 1400 with his older brother as a co-ruler) and Duke of Legnica from 1413.

See Kluczbork and Louis II of Brieg

Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church ended the Middle Ages and, in 1517, launched the Reformation.

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Machine

A machine is a physical system that uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an action.

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Magdeburg rights

Magdeburg rights (Magdeburger Recht, Prawo magdeburskie, Magdeburgo teisė; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by the local ruler.

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Marcegaglia

Marcegaglia is an Italian corporation founded in 1959 by Steno Marcegaglia, operating in the European and worldwide steel market.

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Mieszko I

Mieszko I (– 25 May 992) was Duke of Poland from 960 until his death in 992 and the founder of the first unified Polish state, the Civitas Schinesghe.

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Mint (facility)

A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

See Kluczbork and Mint (facility)

MKS Kluczbork

MKS Kluczbork is a football club based in Kluczbork, Opole Voivodeship, Poland. Kluczbork and MKS Kluczbork are kluczbork County.

See Kluczbork and MKS Kluczbork

Moravská Třebová

Moravská Třebová (Mährisch Trübau) is a town in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.

See Kluczbork and Moravská Třebová

National roads in Poland

According to classes and categories of public roads in Poland, a national road (Droga krajowa) is a public trunk road controlled by the Polish central government authority, the General Directorship of National Roads and Motorways (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad).

See Kluczbork and National roads in Poland

Nazi Party

The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.

See Kluczbork and Nazi Party

Oflag VIII-F

Oflag VIII-F was a World War II German prisoner-of-war camp for officers (Offizierlager) located first in Wahlstatt, Silesia (now Legnickie Pole, Poland) and then at Mährisch-Trübau, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now Moravská Třebová, Czech Republic).

See Kluczbork and Oflag VIII-F

OpenAI

OpenAI is an American artificial intelligence (AI) research organization founded in December 2015 and headquartered in San Francisco, California.

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Opole Voivodeship

Opole Voivodeship (województwo opolskie), is the smallest and least populated voivodeship (province) of Poland.

See Kluczbork and Opole Voivodeship

Piast dynasty

The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland.

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

See Kluczbork and Poland

Polish Brethren

The Polish Brethren (Polish: Bracia Polscy) were members of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland, a Nontrinitarian Protestant church that existed in Poland from 1565 to 1658.

See Kluczbork and Polish Brethren

Polish language

Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.

See Kluczbork and Polish language

Powiat

A powiat is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture (LAU-1) in other countries.

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Poznań

Poznań is a city on the River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region.

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Privilege (law)

A privilege is a certain entitlement to immunity granted by the state or another authority to a restricted group, either by birth or on a conditional basis.

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Province of Silesia

The Province of Silesia (Provinz Schlesien; Prowincja Śląska; Prowincyjŏ Ślōnskŏ) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1919.

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Province of Upper Silesia

The Province of Upper Silesia (Provinz Oberschlesien; Silesian German: Provinz Oberschläsing; Prowincyjŏ Gōrny Ślōnsk; Prowincja Górny Śląsk) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945.

See Kluczbork and Province of Upper Silesia

Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Referendum

A referendum (referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue.

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Reformation

The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.

See Kluczbork and Reformation

Samuel Crellius

Samuel Crell-Spinowski (25 March 1660 in Kluczbork – 9 June 1747 in Amsterdam) was an Arian philosopher and theologian, pastor of the church of the Polish Brethren.

See Kluczbork and Samuel Crellius

Sciri

The Sciri, or Scirians, were a Germanic people.

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Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

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Silesia

Silesia (see names below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within modern Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.

See Kluczbork and Silesia

Silesian Wars

The Silesian Wars (Schlesische Kriege) were three wars fought in the mid-18th century between Prussia (under King Frederick the Great) and Habsburg Austria (under Empress Maria Theresa) for control of the Central European region of Silesia (now in south-western Poland).

See Kluczbork and Silesian Wars

Silesians

Silesians (Ślōnzŏki or Ślůnzoki; Silesian German: Schläsinger or Schläsier; Schlesier; Ślązacy; Slezané) is both an ethnic as well as a geographical term for the inhabitants of Silesia, a historical region in Central Europe divided by the current national boundaries of Poland, Germany, and Czechia.

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Silingi

The Silings or Silingi (Silingae; Σιλίγγαι –) were a Germanic tribe, part of the larger Vandal group.

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Sisters of Saint Elizabeth

The Sisters of Saint Elizabeth are a Roman Catholic religious institute.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Kluczbork and Soviet Union

Stalag Luft 7

Stalag Luft 7 was a World War II Luftwaffe prisoner-of-war camp located in Morzyczyn, Pomerania, and Bankau, Silesia (now Bąków, Poland).

See Kluczbork and Stalag Luft 7

Synod

A synod is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application.

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Textile industry

The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of textiles: yarn, cloth and clothing.

See Kluczbork and Textile industry

The March (1945)

"The March" refers to a series of forced marches during the final stages of the Second World War in Europe.

See Kluczbork and The March (1945)

Tomasz Garbowski

Tomasz Robert Garbowski (born 7 January 1979 in Kluczbork) is a Polish politician.

See Kluczbork and Tomasz Garbowski

Town

A town is a type of a human settlement.

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Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919.

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Unification of Germany

The unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).

See Kluczbork and Unification of Germany

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk; Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Horní Slezsko;; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic.

See Kluczbork and Upper Silesia

Vandals

The Vandals were a Germanic people who first inhabited what is now southern Poland.

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Vehicle registration plates of Poland

Vehicle registration plates of Poland indicate the region of registration of the vehicle given the number plate.

See Kluczbork and Vehicle registration plates of Poland

Voivodeships of Poland

A voivodeship (województwo; plural: województwa) is the highest-level administrative division of Poland, corresponding to a province in many other countries.

See Kluczbork and Voivodeships of Poland

Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone

The Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone "INVEST - PARK" has been established based on the Ordinance by the Polish Council of Ministers dated 15 April 1997 and will operate until December 31, 2020.

See Kluczbork and Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone

Walther von Lüttwitz

Walther Karl Friedrich Ernst Emil Freiherr von Lüttwitz (2 February 1859 – 20 September 1942) was a German general who fought in World War I. Lüttwitz is best known for being the driving force behind the Kapp–Lüttwitz Putsch of 1920 which attempted to replace the democratic government of the Weimar Republic with a military dictatorship.

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Weighing scale

A scale or balance is a device used to measure weight or mass.

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

See Kluczbork and Weimar Republic

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluczbork

Also known as History of Kluczbork, Kreuzburg O.S..

, Kristallnacht, Kuniów, Kurt Daluege, Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S., Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Louis II of Brieg, Lutheranism, Machine, Magdeburg rights, Marcegaglia, Mieszko I, Mint (facility), MKS Kluczbork, Moravská Třebová, National roads in Poland, Nazi Party, Oflag VIII-F, OpenAI, Opole Voivodeship, Piast dynasty, Poland, Polish Brethren, Polish language, Powiat, Poznań, Privilege (law), Province of Silesia, Province of Upper Silesia, Red Army, Referendum, Reformation, Samuel Crellius, Sciri, Second Polish Republic, Silesia, Silesian Wars, Silesians, Silingi, Sisters of Saint Elizabeth, Soviet Union, Stalag Luft 7, Synod, Textile industry, The March (1945), Tomasz Garbowski, Town, Treaty of Versailles, Unification of Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Upper Silesia, Vandals, Vehicle registration plates of Poland, Voivodeships of Poland, Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone, Walther von Lüttwitz, Weighing scale, Weimar Republic, West Slavs, Wojciech Zaremba, World War I, World War II, Wrocław.

Kluczbork, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Cities and towns in Opole Voivodeship

Kluczbork County

References