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Kupala Night, the Glossary

Kupala Night (also Kupala's Night or just Kupala; Polish:, Belarusian:, Russian:,, Ukrainian) is one of the major folk holidays of the Eastern Slavs that coincides with the Christian feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist and the East Slavic feast of Saint John's Eve.^[1]

Alexander Veselovsky

Alexander Nikolayevich Veselovsky (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Весело́вский) (in Moscow – in St. Petersburg) was a leading Russian literary theorist who laid the groundwork for comparative literary studies.

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Ancient Greek religion

Religious practices in ancient Greece encompassed a collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology, in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices.

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Apple

An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus spp.'', among them the domestic or orchard apple; Malus domestica).

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Arnica

Arnica is a genus of perennial, herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

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Aspen

Aspen is a common name for certain tree species; some, but not all, are classified by botanists in the section ''Populus'', of the Populus genus.

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Banya (sauna)

The banya (a) is a traditional Russian steam bath that utilizes a wood stove.

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Basil

Basil (Ocimum basilicum), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints).

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Belarus

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

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Belarusian language

Belarusian (label) is an East Slavic language.

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Belarusians

Belarusians (biełarusy) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus.

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Birch

A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams.

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Blackberry

The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus Rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera Rubus and Idaeobatus.

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Bonfire

A bonfire is a large and controlled outdoor fire, used either for informal disposal of burnable waste material or as part of a celebration.

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Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary

The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary (abbr.; 35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopaedia in Russian.

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Bromus

Bromus is a large genus of grasses, classified in its own tribe Bromeae.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe.

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Cathedral of Saint Sophia, Novgorod

The Cathedral of Saint Sophia, the Holy Wisdom of God (Кафедральный собор Софии Премудрости Божией) in Veliky Novgorod, Russia, is the cathedral church of the Metropolitan of Novgorod and the mother church of the Novgorodian Eparchy.

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Cherry

A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit).

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Czech language

Czech (čeština), historically also known as Bohemian (lingua Bohemica), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Domovoy

In the Slavic religious tradition, Domovoy (Домовой, literally " of the household"; also spelled Domovoi, Domovoj, and known as Domowik, Домовик (Domovik), Домовик (Domovyk) and Дамавік (Damavik) is the household spirit of a given kin. They are deified progenitors, that is to say the fountainhead ancestors of the kin.

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East Slavs

The East Slavs are the most populous subgroup of the Slavs.

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Echo of Moscow

Echo of Moscow (translit) was a 24/7 commercial Russian radio station based in Moscow.

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Elijah

Elijah (ʾĒlīyyāhū, meaning "My God is Yahweh/YHWH"; Greek form: Elias /eːˈlias/) was a Jewish prophet and a miracle worker who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab (9th century BC), according to the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible.

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Elizabeth (biblical figure)

Elizabeth (also spelled Elisabeth; Hebrew: אֱלִישֶׁבַע "My God is abundance", Standard Hebrew: Elišévaʿ, Tiberian Hebrew: ʾĔlîšéḇaʿ; Greek: Ἐλισάβετ Elisabet / Elisavet) was the mother of John the Baptist, the wife of Zechariah, and maternal aunt of Mary, mother of Jesus, according to the Gospel of Luke and in Islamic tradition.

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Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine

Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine (Енциклопедія історії України, ЕІУ) is an illustrated encyclopedia on history of Ukraine in 10 volumes.

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Evil eye

The evil eye is a supernatural belief in a curse brought about by a malevolent glare, usually inspired by envy.

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Fern

The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

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Fern flower

The fern flower is a magic flower in Baltic mythology (paparčio žiedas, papardes zieds), in Estonian mythology (sõnajalaõis) and in Slavic mythology (папараць-кветка, kwiat paproci, цветок папоротника, цвіт папороті). Kupala Night and fern flower are summer solstice.

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Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Galicia (. Collins English Dictionary Galicja,; translit,; Galitsye) is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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George's Day in Spring

George's Day in Spring, or Saint George's Day (Đurđevdan,; Gergyovden; Ǵurǵovden; Yegoriy Veshniy, or George's Day in Spring), is a Slavic religious holiday, the feast of Saint George celebrated on 23 April by the Julian calendar (6 May by the Gregorian calendar). Kupala Night and George's Day in Spring are folk calendar of the East Slavs and Slavic holidays.

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Geranium

Geranium is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums or cranesbills.

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Gomel Governorate

Gomel Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian SFSR from 1919 to 1926 with its capital in Gomel.

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Gugelhupf

A Gugelhupf (also Kugelhupf, Guglhupf, Gugelhopf,, and, in France, kouglof, kougelhof, or kougelhopf, is a cake traditionally baked in a distinctive ring pan, similar to Bundt cake, but leavened with baker's yeast. There are three main types: cocoa; plain with a hint of vanilla and lemon zest; and a marbled combination of the two.

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Hegumen

Hegumen, hegumenos, or igumen (ἡγούμενος, trans.), is the title for the head of a monastery in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches, or an archpriest in the Coptic Orthodox Church, similar to the title of abbot.

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Hemp

Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use.

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Hieromonk

A hieromonk (Ieromonachos; tr; Slavonic: Иеромонахъ, Ieromonah, Albanian: Hieromurg), also called a priestmonk, is a monk who is also a priest in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholicism.

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History of the Czech language

The Czech language developed at the close of the 1st millennium from common West Slavic.

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Holy Spirit

In Judaism, the Holy Spirit, otherwise known as the Holy Ghost, is the divine force, quality and influence of God over the universe or his creatures.

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Hustyn Chronicle

The Hustyn Chronicle is a 17th-century chronicle detailing the history of Ukraine until 1598.

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Hutsuls

The Hutsuls (Hutsul/translit; Huculi, Hucułowie; huțuli) are an East Slavic ethnic group spanning parts of western Ukraine and Romania (i.e. parts of Bukovina and Maramureș).

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Hypatian Codex

The Hypatian Codex (also known as Hypatian Letopis or Ipatiev Letopis; Іпацьеўскі летапіс; Ипатьевская летопись; Ipátijivśkyj litópys) is a compendium of three Rus' chronicles: the Primary Chronicle, Kievan Chronicle and Galician-Volhynian Chronicle.

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Incest

Incest is human sexual activity between family members or close relatives.

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Izmail Sreznevsky

Izmail Ivanovich Sreznevsky (Измаил Иванович Срезневский; 13 June 1812, Yaroslavl – 21 February 1880, St. Petersburg) was a Russian philologist, Slavist, historian, paleographer, folklorist and writer.

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John the Baptist

John the Baptist (–) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early 1st century AD.

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Kalisz Voivodeship (1975–1998)

The Kalisz Voivodeship was a voivodeship (province) of the Polish People's Republic from 1975 to 1989, and the Republic of Poland from 1989 to 1998.

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Khorovod

The khorovod or horovod (p, translit or label, карагод, хоро, korowód) is an East Slavic and pagan art form and one of the oldest dances of Russia with its more than 1,000 years history.

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Kiev Governorate

Kiev Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire from 1796 to 1919 and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1919 to 1925.

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Leshy

Leshy or Leshi is a tutelary deity of the forests in pagan Slavic mythology.

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Line-crossing ceremony

The line-crossing ceremony is an initiation rite in some English-speaking countries that commemorates a person's first crossing of the Equator.

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Lublin Voivodeship

Lublin Voivodeship (województwo lubelskie) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital in Lublin.

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Lythrum salicaria

Lythrum salicaria or purple loosestrifeFlora of NW Europe: is a flowering plant belonging to the family Lythraceae.

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Maple

Acer is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples.

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Mary, mother of Jesus

Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus.

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Max Vasmer

Max Julius Friedrich Vasmer (Maksimilian Romanovich Fasmer; 28 February 1886 – 30 November 1962) was a Russian and German linguist.

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Melampyrum nemorosum

Wood cow-wheat (Melampyrum nemorosum) is an herbaceous flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae.

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Midsummer

Midsummer is a celebration of the season of summer, taking place on or near the date of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere; the longest day of the year. Kupala Night and Midsummer are summer solstice.

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Mystery of Crowning

The Mystery of Crowning is a ritual component of the sacrament of marriage in Eastern Christianity.

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Nativity of John the Baptist

The Nativity of John the Baptist (or Birth of John the Baptist, or Nativity of the Forerunner, or colloquially Johnmas or St. John's Day (in German) Johannistag) is a Christian feast day. Kupala Night and Nativity of John the Baptist are Saint John's Day.

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Nauka (publisher)

Nauka (lit) is a Russian publisher of academic books and journals.

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Need-fire

In European folklore, a need-fire (Notfeuer, nodfyr, tein'-éigin, Живой огонь) is a fire kindled by friction, which is lit in a ritual and used as protective magic against murrain (infectious diseases affecting cattle), plague and witchcraft.

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Oak

An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.

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Old East Slavic

Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian) was a language (or a group of dialects) used by the East Slavs from the 7th or 8th century to the 13th or 14th century, until it diverged into the Russian and Ruthenian languages.

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Oleg Trubachyov

Oleg Nikolayevich Trubachyov (also transliterated as Trubachev or Trubačev, Оле́г Никола́евич Трубачёв; 23 October 1930, in Stalingrad – 9 March 2002, in Moscow) was a Russian linguist.

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Pavlo Chubynskyi

Pavlo Platonovych Chubynskyi (Павло Платонович Чубинський; 1839 – January 26, 1884) was a Ukrainian poet and ethnographer whose poem Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy ni slava, ni volia… (The Glory And The Freedom Of Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished) was set to music and adapted as the Ukrainian national anthem.

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Pierogi

Pierogi are filled dumplings, made by wrapping unleavened dough around a filling, and occasionally flavored with a savory or sweet garnish, finally cooked in boiling water. Pierogi or their varieties are associated with the cuisines of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Dumplings most likely originated in Asia and came to Europe via trade in the Middle Ages.

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Pine

A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae.

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Plough

A plough or plow (US; both) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting.

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Podlachia

Podlachia, (translit) or Podlasie (Polish), is a historical region in the north-eastern part of Poland.

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Podolia

Podolia or Podilia (Podillia,; Podolye; Podolia; Podole; Podolien; Padollie; Podolė; Podolie.) is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria).

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Polesia

Polesia, Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the bigger East European Plain, including part of eastern Poland and the Belarus–Ukraine border region.

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Polish language

Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.

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Potluck

A potluck is a communal gathering where each guest or group contributes a different, often homemade, dish of food to be shared.

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Pravoslavie.ru

Pravoslavie.ru is a Russian Orthodox information Internet portal.

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Proto-Slavic language

Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages.

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Pskov

Pskov (p; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River.

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Quark (dairy product)

Quark or quarg is a type of fresh dairy product made from milk.

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Ranunculus

Ranunculus is a large genus of about 1700 to more than 1800 species --> of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae.

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Ranunculus acris

Ranunculus acris is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, and is one of the more common buttercups across Europe and temperate Eurasia.

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Rose

A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.

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Rossoshansky District

Rossoshansky District (Россоша́нский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #87-OZ and municipalLaw #63-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia.

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Rusalka

In Slavic folklore, the rusalka (plural: rusalki;, plural: русалки; rusałka, plural: rusałki) is a typically feminine entity, often malicious toward mankind and frequently associated with water, with counterparts in other parts of Europe, such as the French Melusine and the Germanic Nixie.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.

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Russian Museum of Ethnography

The Russian Museum of Ethnography (Российский этнографический музей) is a museum in St. Petersburg that houses a collection of about 500,000 items relating to the ethnography, or cultural anthropology, of peoples of the former Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.

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Russian North

The Russian North (Русский Север) is an ethnocultural region situated in the northwestern part of Russia.

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Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskovskiy patriarkhat), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian church.

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Russians

Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.

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Saint John's Eve

Saint John's Eve, starting at sunset on 23 June, is the eve of the feast day of Saint John the Baptist. Kupala Night and Saint John's Eve are Saint John's Day and summer solstice.

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Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian – also called Serbo-Croat, Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.

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Sieradz Voivodeship

Sieradz Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Łódź Voivodeship.

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Simon Kozhin

Simon Leonidovitch Kozhin (Семён Кожин, sometimes Kojin; born March 1979) is a contemporary Russian artist.

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Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Slovaks

The Slovaks (Slováci, singular: Slovák, feminine: Slovenka, plural: Slovenky) are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak the Slovak language.

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Spruce

A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.

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Stoglav

The Book of One Hundred Chapters, also called Stoglav (Стоглав) in Russian ("Hundred chapters"), is a collection of decisions of the Russian church council of 1551 that regulated the canon law and ecclesiastical life in the Tsardom of Russia, especially the everyday life of the Russian clergy.

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Stoglav Synod

The Stoglav Synod (Стоглавый Собор), also translated as the Hundred Chapter Synod or Council of a Hundred Chapters, was a church council (''sobor'') held in Moscow in 1551, with the participation of Tsar Ivan IV, Metropolitan Macarius (presiding), other higher clergy, and representatives of the Boyar Duma.

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Summer solstice

The summer solstice or estival solstice occurs when one of Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun.

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Tag (game)

Tag (also called chase, tig, it, tiggy, tips, tick, on-on and tip) is a playground game involving one or more players chasing other players in an attempt to "tag" and mark them out of play, typically by touching with a hand.

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Taraxacum officinale

Taraxacum officinale, the dandelion or common dandelion, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae (syn. Compositae).

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Tussilago

Tussilago farfara, commonly known as coltsfoot, is a plant in the tribe Senecioneae in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and parts of western and central Asia.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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Ukrainian language

Ukrainian (label) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Ukraine.

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.

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Urtica

Urtica is a genus of flowering plants in the family Urticaceae.

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Valeriy Smoliy

Valeriy Smoliy (Валерій Андрійович Смолій) is a Ukrainian academician, historian, director of the NASU Institute of History of Ukraine.

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Veliky Novgorod

Veliky Novgorod (lit), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia.

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Vesnianky

Vesnianka (also referred to as Hahilkа, Hailkа, Haivkа, Yahilkа, or Rohulkа) is a type of spring dance songs performed in the lands of present-day Ukraine which have been performed for thousands of years.

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Vinca minor

Vinca minor (common names lesser periwinkle or dwarf periwinkle) is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family, native to central and southern Europe, from Portugal and France north to the Netherlands and the Baltic States, east to the Caucasus, and also southwestern Asia in Turkey.

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Vladimir Petrukhin

Vladimir Petrukhin (full name: Vladimir Yakovlevich Petrukhin, Влади́мир Я́ковлевич Петру́хин; born on July 25, 1950, in Pushkino, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union) is a Russian historian, archaeologist and ethnographer, Doctor of Historical Sciences (since 1994), chief research fellow of the Medieval Section in the Institute of Slavic Studies in the Russian Academy of Sciences,Vladimir Yakovlevich Petrukhin: Biobibliography / Russian State University for the Humanities; L.

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Vodka

Vodka (wódka; водка; vodka) is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage.

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Vodyanoy

In Slavic mythology, vodyanoy (p; lit. ' from the water' or 'watery') is a water spirit.

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Voronezh Oblast

Voronezh Oblast (Voronezhskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

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Votive offering

A votive offering or votive deposit is one or more objects displayed or deposited, without the intention of recovery or use, in a sacred place for religious purposes.

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Willow

Willows, also called sallows and osiers, of the genus Salix, comprise around 350 species (plus numerous hybrids) of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions.

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Witchcraft

Witchcraft, as most commonly understood in both historical and present-day communities, is the use of alleged supernatural powers of magic.

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World tree

The world tree is a motif present in several religions and mythologies, particularly Indo-European, Siberian, and Native American religions.

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Wreath

A wreath is an assortment of flowers, leaves, fruits, twigs, or various materials that is constructed to form a ring shape.

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Yelizarov Convent

Yelizarov or Yeleazarov Convent (Спасо-Елеазаровский монастырь) is a small convent founded as a monastery in 1447 to the north of Pskov, along the road leading to Gdov, by a local peasant named Eleazar.

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Zagovory

(singular) is a form of verbal folk magic in Eastern Slavic folklore and mythology.

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Zhytomyr Oblast

Zhytomyr Oblast (Zhytomyrska oblast), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (Житомирщина), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupala_Night

Also known as Day of Ivana Kupala, Eve of Kupala, Ivan Kupala, Ivan Kupala Day, Kupala Day, Kupalle, Kupalnocka, Noc Kupały, Noc Świętojańska, Івана Купала, Иван-Купала, Купалле.

, Line-crossing ceremony, Lublin Voivodeship, Lythrum salicaria, Maple, Mary, mother of Jesus, Max Vasmer, Melampyrum nemorosum, Midsummer, Mystery of Crowning, Nativity of John the Baptist, Nauka (publisher), Need-fire, Oak, Old East Slavic, Oleg Trubachyov, Pavlo Chubynskyi, Pierogi, Pine, Plough, Podlachia, Podolia, Poland, Polesia, Polish language, Potluck, Pravoslavie.ru, Proto-Slavic language, Pskov, Quark (dairy product), Ranunculus, Ranunculus acris, Rose, Rossoshansky District, Rusalka, Russia, Russian language, Russian Museum of Ethnography, Russian North, Russian Orthodox Church, Russians, Saint John's Eve, Serbo-Croatian, Sieradz Voivodeship, Simon Kozhin, Slovakia, Slovaks, Spruce, Stoglav, Stoglav Synod, Summer solstice, Tag (game), Taraxacum officinale, Tussilago, Ukraine, Ukrainian language, Ukrainians, Urtica, Valeriy Smoliy, Veliky Novgorod, Vesnianky, Vinca minor, Vladimir Petrukhin, Vodka, Vodyanoy, Voronezh Oblast, Votive offering, Willow, Witchcraft, World tree, Wreath, Yelizarov Convent, Zagovory, Zhytomyr Oblast.

Kupala Night, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Belarusian traditions

Days celebrating love

Folk calendar of the East Slavs

Observances in Poland

Observances in Russia

Observances in Ukraine

Russian folklore

Russian traditions

Saint John's Day

Slavic holidays

Summer events in Poland

Summer events in Ukraine

Summer solstice

Ukrainian traditions

References