Kynurenine, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 41 relations: Anthranilic acid, Anxiety disorder, Bipolar disorder, Cytokine, Encephalopathy, Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome, Glutaric aciduria type 1, Hepatitis C, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, Huntington's disease, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, Interferon, Kynurenic acid, Kynureninase, Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, Kynurenine pathway, Kynurenine—oxoglutarate transaminase, Lipid metabolism, Lithium (medication), Lupus, Major depressive disorder, Mental disorder, Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, Metabolic pathway, Metabolite, Misumena vatia, Multiple sclerosis, Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, N'-Formylkynurenine, Niacin, Polymorphism (biology), Quinolinic acid, Schizophrenia, Tic, Tic disorder, Tourette syndrome, Tryptophan, Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, Ultraviolet, Vitamin B6, 3-Hydroxykynurenine.

Anthranilic acid

Anthranilic acid is an aromatic acid with the formula C6H4(NH2)(CO2H) and has a sweetish taste.

See Kynurenine and Anthranilic acid

Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant and uncontrollable feelings of anxiety and fear such that a person's social, occupational, and personal functions are significantly impaired.

See Kynurenine and Anxiety disorder

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that each last from days to weeks.

See Kynurenine and Bipolar disorder

Cytokine

Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling.

See Kynurenine and Cytokine

Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy (from ἐνκέφαλος "brain" + πάθος "suffering") means any disorder or disease of the brain, especially chronic degenerative conditions.

See Kynurenine and Encephalopathy

Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome

Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome is a rare, sometimes fatal neurological condition linked to the ingestion of the dietary supplement L-tryptophan.

See Kynurenine and Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome

Glutaric aciduria type 1

Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan.

See Kynurenine and Glutaric aciduria type 1

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis.

See Kynurenine and Hepatitis C

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are neurological disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS.

See Kynurenine and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is mostly inherited.

See Kynurenine and Huntington's disease

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO or INDO) is a heme-containing enzyme physiologically expressed in a number of tissues and cells, such as the small intestine, lungs, female genital tract or placenta.

See Kynurenine and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Interferon

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses.

See Kynurenine and Interferon

Kynurenic acid

Kynurenic acid (KYNA or KYN) is a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid -tryptophan. Kynurenine and Kynurenic acid are NMDA receptor antagonists.

See Kynurenine and Kynurenic acid

Kynureninase

Kynureninase or L-Kynurenine hydrolase (KYNU) is a PLP dependent enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of kynurenine (Kyn) into anthranilic acid (Ant).

See Kynurenine and Kynureninase

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is the expression product of the KMO (gene).

See Kynurenine and Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase

Kynurenine pathway

The kynurenine pathway The kynurenine pathway is a metabolic pathway leading to the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).

See Kynurenine and Kynurenine pathway

Kynurenine—oxoglutarate transaminase

In enzymology, a kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-kynurenine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate and L-glutamate.

See Kynurenine and Kynurenine—oxoglutarate transaminase

Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes.

See Kynurenine and Lipid metabolism

Lithium (medication)

Certain lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are used as psychiatric medication, primarily for bipolar disorder and for major depressive disorder.

See Kynurenine and Lithium (medication)

Lupus

Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.

See Kynurenine and Lupus

Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

See Kynurenine and Major depressive disorder

Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

See Kynurenine and Mental disorder

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a type of chronic liver disease.

See Kynurenine and Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease

In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.

See Kynurenine and Metabolic pathway

In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism.

See Kynurenine and Metabolite

Misumena vatia

Misumena vatia is a species of crab spider with a holarctic distribution.

See Kynurenine and Misumena vatia

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.

See Kynurenine and Multiple sclerosis

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling chronic illness.

See Kynurenine and Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

N'-Formylkynurenine

-Formylkynurenine is an intermediate in the catabolism of tryptophan. Kynurenine and N'-Formylkynurenine are Alpha-Amino acids.

See Kynurenine and N'-Formylkynurenine

Niacin

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a vitamer ofvitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.

See Kynurenine and Niacin

Polymorphism (biology)

In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.

See Kynurenine and Polymorphism (biology)

Quinolinic acid

Quinolinic acid (abbreviated QUIN or QA), also known as pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with a pyridine backbone.

See Kynurenine and Quinolinic acid

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reoccurring episodes of psychosis that are correlated with a general misperception of reality.

See Kynurenine and Schizophrenia

Tic

A tic is a sudden and repetitive motor movement or vocalization that is not rhythmic and involves discrete muscle groups.

See Kynurenine and Tic

Tic disorder

Tic disorders are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements).

See Kynurenine and Tic disorder

Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome or Tourette's syndrome (abbreviated as TS or Tourette's) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence.

See Kynurenine and Tourette syndrome

Tryptophan

Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Kynurenine and Tryptophan are Alpha-Amino acids.

See Kynurenine and Tryptophan

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

In enzymology, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is a heme enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of -tryptophan (-Trp) to L-kynurenine, as the first and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway.

See Kynurenine and Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.

See Kynurenine and Ultraviolet

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is one of the B vitamins, and thus an essential nutrient.

See Kynurenine and Vitamin B6

3-Hydroxykynurenine

3-Hydroxykynurenine is a metabolite of tryptophan, which filters UV light in the human lens. Kynurenine and 3-Hydroxykynurenine are Alpha-Amino acids.

See Kynurenine and 3-Hydroxykynurenine

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynurenine

Also known as L-kynurenine.