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Léon Foucault, the Glossary

Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (18 September 1819 – 11 February 1868) was a French physicist best known for his demonstration of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of Earth's rotation.^[1]

62 relations: Absorption spectroscopy, Alfred François Donné, Anatomy, Arc lamp, Bertall, Blood phobia, Bureau des Longitudes, C-SPAN, Calcium oxide, Carbon, Catadioptric system, Centrifugal governor, Charles Wheatstone, Copley Medal, Copper, Corpuscular theory of light, Diurnal motion, Earth's rotation, Eddy current, Emission spectrum, Fellow of the Royal Society, Figuring, Force, Foucault knife-edge test, Foucault pendulum, Foucault pendulum vector diagrams, Foucault's gyroscope, Foucault's measurements of the speed of light, Glan–Foucault prism, Gyroscope, Hippolyte Fizeau, Infrared, Isaac Newton, James Watt, Kilometre, Kingdom of France, Legion of Honour, Light, List of minor planets: 5001–6000, List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower, Louis Daguerre, Magnet, Montmartre Cemetery, Multiple sclerosis, Panthéon, Paris, Paris Observatory, Physicist, Physics, Polarization (waves), ... Expand index (12 more) »
19th-century French physicists
Neurological disease deaths in France

Absorption spectroscopy

Absorption spectroscopy is spectroscopy that involves techniques that measure the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, as a function of frequency or wavelength, due to its interaction with a sample.

See Léon Foucault and Absorption spectroscopy

Alfred François Donné

Alfred François Donné (13 September 1801 – 7 March 1878) was a French bacteriologist and doctor.

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Anatomy

Anatomy is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts.

See Léon Foucault and Anatomy

Arc lamp

An arc lamp or arc light is a lamp that produces light by an electric arc (also called a voltaic arc).

See Léon Foucault and Arc lamp

Bertall

Charles Albert d'Arnoux (Charles Constant Albert Nicolas, Vicomte d'Arnoux, Count of Limoges-Saint-Saëns), known as Bertall (or Bertal, an anagram of Albert) or Tortu-Goth (December 18, 1820 in Paris – March 24, 1882 in Soyons) was a French illustrator, engraver, caricaturist, and early photographer.

See Léon Foucault and Bertall

Blood phobia

Blood phobia (also known as hemophobia or hematophobia in American English and haemophobia or haematophobia in British English) is an extreme irrational fear of blood, a type of specific phobia.

See Léon Foucault and Blood phobia

Bureau des Longitudes

The Bureau des Longitudes is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation.

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C-SPAN

Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN) is an American cable and satellite television network, created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a nonprofit public service.

See Léon Foucault and C-SPAN

Calcium oxide

Calcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.

See Léon Foucault and Calcium oxide

Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.

See Léon Foucault and Carbon

Catadioptric system

A catadioptric optical system is one where refraction and reflection are combined in an optical system, usually via lenses (dioptrics) and curved mirrors (catoptrics).

See Léon Foucault and Catadioptric system

Centrifugal governor

A centrifugal governor is a specific type of governor with a feedback system that controls the speed of an engine by regulating the flow of fuel or working fluid, so as to maintain a near-constant speed.

See Léon Foucault and Centrifugal governor

Charles Wheatstone

Sir Charles Wheatstone (6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875), was an English scientist and inventor of the Victorian era, his contributions including to the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images), and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique). Léon Foucault and Charles Wheatstone are optical physicists and Recipients of the Copley Medal.

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Copley Medal

The Copley Medal is the most prestigious award of the Royal Society, conferred "for sustained, outstanding achievements in any field of science".

See Léon Foucault and Copley Medal

Copper

Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.

See Léon Foucault and Copper

Corpuscular theory of light

In optics, the corpuscular theory of light states that light is made up of small discrete particles called "corpuscles" (little particles) which travel in a straight line with a finite velocity and possess impetus.

See Léon Foucault and Corpuscular theory of light

Diurnal motion

Diurnal motion is an astronomical term referring to the apparent motion of celestial objects (e.g. the Sun and stars) around Earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles, over the course of one day.

See Léon Foucault and Diurnal motion

Earth's rotation

Earth's rotation or Earth's spin is the rotation of planet Earth around its own axis, as well as changes in the orientation of the rotation axis in space.

See Léon Foucault and Earth's rotation

Eddy current

In electromagnetism, an eddy current (also called Foucault's current) is a loop of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction or by the relative motion of a conductor in a magnetic field.

See Léon Foucault and Eddy current

Emission spectrum

The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.

See Léon Foucault and Emission spectrum

Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science".

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Figuring

Figuring is the process of final polishing of an optical surface to remove imperfections or modify the surface curvature to achieve the shape required for a given application.

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Force

A force is an influence that can cause an object to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate, meaning a change in speed or direction, unless counterbalanced by other forces.

See Léon Foucault and Force

Foucault knife-edge test

The Foucault knife-edge test is an optical test to accurately measure the shape of concave curved mirrors.

See Léon Foucault and Foucault knife-edge test

Foucault pendulum

The Foucault pendulum or Foucault's pendulum is a simple device named after French physicist Léon Foucault, conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the Earth's rotation.

See Léon Foucault and Foucault pendulum

Foucault pendulum vector diagrams

Several vector diagrams are often used to demonstrate the physics underlying the Foucault pendulum.

See Léon Foucault and Foucault pendulum vector diagrams

Foucault's gyroscope

The Foucault gyroscope was a gyroscope created by French physicist Léon Foucault in 1852, conceived as a follow-up experiment to his pendulum in order to further demonstrate the Earth's rotation.

See Léon Foucault and Foucault's gyroscope

Foucault's measurements of the speed of light

In 1850, Léon Foucault used a rotating mirror to perform a differential measurement of the speed of light in water versus its speed in air.

See Léon Foucault and Foucault's measurements of the speed of light

Glan–Foucault prism

A Glan–Foucault prism (also called a Glan–air prism) is a type of prism which is used as a polarizer.

See Léon Foucault and Glan–Foucault prism

Gyroscope

A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος gŷros, "round" and σκοπέω skopéō, "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

See Léon Foucault and Gyroscope

Hippolyte Fizeau

Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau FRS FRSE MIF (23 September 181918 September 1896) was a French physicist, who in 1849 measured the speed of light to within 5% accuracy. Léon Foucault and Hippolyte Fizeau are Foreign Members of the Royal Society and optical physicists.

See Léon Foucault and Hippolyte Fizeau

Infrared

Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves.

See Léon Foucault and Infrared

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher. Léon Foucault and Isaac Newton are optical physicists.

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James Watt

James Watt (30 January 1736 (19 January 1736 OS) – 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

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Kilometre

The kilometre (SI symbol: km; or), spelt kilometer in American English and Philippine English, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousand metres (kilo- being the SI prefix for). It is the preferred measurement unit to express distances between geographical places on land in most of the world; notable exceptions are the United States and the United Kingdom where the statute mile is used.

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Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period.

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Legion of Honour

The National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre royal de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil, and currently comprises five classes.

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Light

Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.

See Léon Foucault and Light

List of minor planets: 5001–6000

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See Léon Foucault and List of minor planets: 5001–6000

List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower

On the Eiffel Tower, 72 names of French men (scientists, engineers, and mathematicians) are engraved in recognition of their contributions.

See Léon Foucault and List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower

Louis Daguerre

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (18 November 1787 – 10 July 1851) was a French artist and photographer, recognized for his invention of the eponymous daguerreotype process of photography. Léon Foucault and Louis Daguerre are 19th-century French physicists.

See Léon Foucault and Louis Daguerre

Magnet

A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field.

See Léon Foucault and Magnet

Montmartre Cemetery

The Cemetery of Montmartre (Cimetière de Montmartre) is a cemetery in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, France, that dates to the early 19th century. Léon Foucault and Montmartre Cemetery are Burials at Montmartre Cemetery.

See Léon Foucault and Montmartre Cemetery

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.

See Léon Foucault and Multiple sclerosis

Panthéon

The Panthéon (from the Classical Greek word πάνθειον,, ' to all the gods') is a monument in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France.

See Léon Foucault and Panthéon

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

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Paris Observatory

The Paris Observatory (Observatoire de Paris), a research institution of the Paris Sciences et Lettres University, is the foremost astronomical observatory of France, and one of the largest astronomical centers in the world.

See Léon Foucault and Paris Observatory

Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

See Léon Foucault and Physicist

Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Polarization (waves)

italics (also italics) is a property of transverse waves which specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations.

See Léon Foucault and Polarization (waves)

Radiation

In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium.

See Léon Foucault and Radiation

Royal Society

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.

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Schlieren

Schlieren (streaks) are optical inhomogeneities in transparent media that are not necessarily visible to the human eye.

See Léon Foucault and Schlieren

Second

The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60.

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Second French Empire

The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was an Imperial Bonapartist regime, ruled by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third French Republics.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.

See Léon Foucault and Silver

Silvering

Silvering is the chemical process of coating a non-conductive substrate such as glass with a reflective substance, to produce a mirror.

See Léon Foucault and Silvering

Speed of light

The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant that is exactly equal to). According to the special theory of relativity, is the upper limit for the speed at which conventional matter or energy (and thus any signal carrying information) can travel through space.

See Léon Foucault and Speed of light

Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

See Léon Foucault and Sun

University of Paris

The University of Paris (Université de Paris), known metonymically as the Sorbonne, was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution.

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Vincenzo Viviani

Vincenzo Viviani (April 5, 1622 – September 22, 1703) was an Italian mathematician and scientist.

See Léon Foucault and Vincenzo Viviani

William Tobin (astronomer)

William John Tobin (28 July 1953 – 7 July 2022) was a British–New Zealand astronomer and academic.

See Léon Foucault and William Tobin (astronomer)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léon_Foucault

Also known as Foucault, Jean Bernard Léon, Foucault, Jean-Bertrand-Léon, Jaen Bernard Leon Foucault, Jean Bernard Foucault, Jean Bernard Léon Foucault, Jean Bertrand Leon Foucault, Jean Foucault, Jean-Bernard Foucault, Jean-Bernard-Léon Foucault, Jean-Bertrand-Léon Foucault, John Bernard Foucault.

, Radiation, Royal Society, Schlieren, Second, Second French Empire, Silver, Silvering, Speed of light, Sun, University of Paris, Vincenzo Viviani, William Tobin (astronomer).

Léon Foucault, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

19th-century French physicists

Neurological disease deaths in France

References