Lac operon, the Glossary
The lactose operon (lac operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.[1]
Table of Contents
79 relations: Acetyl group, Activator (genetics), Allolactose, Allosteric regulation, Bacillus subtilis, Beta-galactoside permease, CAMP receptor protein, Catabolism, Catabolite activator protein, Catabolite repression, Cell (biology), Cell biology, Cell growth, Cell membrane, Cistron, Complementation (genetics), Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Diauxic growth, Disaccharide, DNA, DNA-binding protein, Enzyme, Escherichia coli, Formazan, François Jacob, Galactose, Galactoside, Galactoside acetyltransferase, GenBank, Gene expression, Glucose, Hydrolysis, In vitro, In vivo, Intron, Isomer, Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, Β-Galactosidase, Jacques Monod, Journal of Molecular Biology, Lac repressor, Lactose, Lysogeny broth, MacConkey agar, Membrane protein, Membrane transport protein, Messenger RNA, Metabolism, Microorganism, Molecular biology, ... Expand index (29 more) »
- Bacterial genetics
- Operons
Acetyl group
In organic chemistry, acetyl is a functional group with the chemical formula and the structure.
See Lac operon and Acetyl group
Activator (genetics)
A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes.
See Lac operon and Activator (genetics)
Allolactose
Allolactose is a disaccharide similar to lactose.
See Lac operon and Allolactose
Allosteric regulation
In the fields of biochemistry and pharmacology an allosteric regulator (or allosteric modulator) is a substance that binds to a site on an enzyme or receptor distinct from the active site, resulting in a conformational change that alters the protein's activity, either enhancing or inhibiting its function.
See Lac operon and Allosteric regulation
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges.
See Lac operon and Bacillus subtilis
Beta-galactoside permease
Galactoside permease is a protein coded by the lacY gene of the ''lac'' operon, and is found bound to the membrane of a cell for the purpose of binding galactoside molecules that have been solubilized.
See Lac operon and Beta-galactoside permease
CAMP receptor protein
cAMP receptor protein (CRP; also known as catabolite activator protein, CAP) is a regulatory protein in bacteria.
See Lac operon and CAMP receptor protein
Catabolism
Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.
Catabolite activator protein
Catabolite activator protein (CAP; also known as cAMP receptor protein, CRP) is a trans-acting transcriptional activator that exists as a homodimer in solution.
See Lac operon and Catabolite activator protein
Catabolite repression
Carbon catabolite repression, or simply catabolite repression, is an important part of global control system of various bacteria and other microorganisms. Lac operon and catabolite repression are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Catabolite repression
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
See Lac operon and Cell (biology)
Cell biology
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells.
See Lac operon and Cell biology
Cell growth
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume.
See Lac operon and Cell growth
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
See Lac operon and Cell membrane
Cistron
A cistron is a region of DNA that is conceptually equivalent to some definitions of a gene, such that the terms are synonymous from certain viewpoints, especially with regard to the molecular gene as contrasted with the Mendelian gene.
Complementation (genetics)
Complementation refers to a genetic process when two strains of an organism with different homozygous recessive mutations that produce the same mutant phenotype (for example, a change in wing structure in flies) have offspring that express the wild-type phenotype when mated or crossed.
See Lac operon and Complementation (genetics)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes.
See Lac operon and Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Diauxic growth
Diauxic growth, diauxie or diphasic growth is any cell growth characterized by cellular growth in two phases.
See Lac operon and Diauxic growth
Disaccharide
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.
See Lac operon and Disaccharide
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
DNA-binding protein
DNA-binding proteins are proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA.
See Lac operon and DNA-binding protein
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Lac operon and Escherichia coli
Formazan
The formazans are compounds of the general formula, formally derivatives of formazan, unknown in free form.
François Jacob
François Jacob (17 June 1920 – 19 April 2013) was a French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through regulation of transcription.
See Lac operon and François Jacob
Galactose
Galactose (galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
Galactoside
A galactoside is a glycoside containing galactose.
See Lac operon and Galactoside
Galactoside acetyltransferase
Galactoside acetyltransferase (also known as Galactoside O-acetyltransferase, thiogalactoside transacetylase, β-galactoside transacetylase and GAT) is an enzyme that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to β-galactosides, glucosides and lactosides.
See Lac operon and Galactoside acetyltransferase
GenBank
The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Lac operon and Gene expression
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
In vitro
In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. Lac operon and intron are gene expression.
Isomer
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.
Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
Isopropyl β--1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) is a molecular biology reagent.
See Lac operon and Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
Β-Galactosidase
β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23, beta-gal or β-gal; systematic name β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase) is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing β-D-galactose residues in β-D-galactosides.
See Lac operon and Β-Galactosidase
Jacques Monod
Jacques Lucien Monod (9 February 1910 – 31 May 1976) was a French biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965, sharing it with François Jacob and André Lwoff "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis".
See Lac operon and Jacques Monod
Journal of Molecular Biology
The Journal of Molecular Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of molecular biology.
See Lac operon and Journal of Molecular Biology
Lac repressor
The lac repressor (LacI) is a DNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in the metabolism of lactose in bacteria. Lac operon and lac repressor are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Lac repressor
Lactose
Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11.
Lysogeny broth
Lysogeny broth (LB) is a nutritionally rich medium primarily used for the growth of bacteria.
See Lac operon and Lysogeny broth
MacConkey agar
MacConkey agar is a selective and differential culture medium for bacteria.
See Lac operon and MacConkey agar
Membrane protein
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes.
See Lac operon and Membrane protein
Membrane transport protein
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.
See Lac operon and Membrane transport protein
Messenger RNA
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. Lac operon and messenger RNA are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Messenger RNA
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
See Lac operon and Microorganism
Molecular biology
Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
See Lac operon and Molecular biology
Nitrophenol
Nitrophenols are compounds of the formula HOC6H5−x(NO2)x.
See Lac operon and Nitrophenol
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine.
See Lac operon and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material.
See Lac operon and Nuclear envelope
Operon
In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. Lac operon and operon are gene expression and operons.
Ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside
ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG) is a colorimetric and spectrophotometric substrate for detection of β-galactosidase activity.
See Lac operon and Ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside
PEP group translocation
PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate) group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
See Lac operon and PEP group translocation
Phenyl-D-galactopyranoside
Phenyl--galactopyranoside is a substituted galactoside.
See Lac operon and Phenyl-D-galactopyranoside
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the carboxylic acid derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate.
See Lac operon and Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs.
See Lac operon and Primary transcript
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. Lac operon and promoter (genetics) are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Promoter (genetics)
Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Lac operon and regulation of gene expression are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Regulation of gene expression
Regulator gene
In genetics, a regulator gene, regulator, or regulatory gene is a gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes. Lac operon and regulator gene are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Regulator gene
Reporter gene
In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals or plants.
See Lac operon and Reporter gene
Richard H. Ebright
Richard High Ebright is an American molecular biologist.
See Lac operon and Richard H. Ebright
RNA polymerase
In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template. Lac operon and RNA polymerase are gene expression.
See Lac operon and RNA polymerase
Shine–Dalgarno sequence
The Shine–Dalgarno (SD) sequence is a ribosomal binding site in bacterial and archaeal messenger RNA, generally located around 8 bases upstream of the start codon AUG.
See Lac operon and Shine–Dalgarno sequence
Streptomycin
Streptomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, ''Mycobacterium avium'' complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, ''Burkholderia'' infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite fever.
See Lac operon and Streptomycin
Structural gene
A structural gene is a gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor (i.e. regulatory protein). Lac operon and structural gene are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Structural gene
Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent.
See Lac operon and Substrate (chemistry)
Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
Symporter
A symporter is an integral membrane protein that is involved in the transport of two (or more) different molecules across the cell membrane in the same direction.
Terminator (genetics)
In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription. Lac operon and terminator (genetics) are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Terminator (genetics)
Translation (biology)
In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. Lac operon and translation (biology) are gene expression.
See Lac operon and Translation (biology)
Transport protein
A transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion transport protein) is a protein that serves the function of moving other materials within an organism.
See Lac operon and Transport protein
Two-hybrid screening
Two-hybrid screening (originally known as yeast two-hybrid system or Y2H) is a molecular biology technique used to discover protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and protein–DNA interactions by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins or a single protein and a DNA molecule, respectively.
See Lac operon and Two-hybrid screening
Upstream and downstream (DNA)
In molecular biology and genetics, upstream and downstream both refer to relative positions of genetic code in DNA or RNA.
See Lac operon and Upstream and downstream (DNA)
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
See Lac operon and World War II
X-gal
X-gal (also abbreviated BCIG for 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β--galactopyranoside) is an organic compound consisting of galactose linked to a substituted indole.
See also
Bacterial genetics
- Bacterial genetics
- Competence factor
- Lac operon
- Mal regulon
- Natural competence
- Operons
- Pho regulon
- Prophage
- Secondary chromosome
Operons
- Ars operon
- CPS operon
- Gab operon
- Gal operon
- GlnALG operon
- Gua Operon
- L-arabinose operon
- Lac operon
- Nik operon
- Operon
- Operon database
- Trp operon
- TyrT operon
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_operon
Also known as I Gene, Jacob-Monod model, Lac A, Lac I, Lac Y, Lac Z, Lac operator, Lac promoter, Lac-Operon, LacA, LacI gene, LacZ, Lactose operon.
, Nitrophenol, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nuclear envelope, Operon, Ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside, PEP group translocation, Phenyl-D-galactopyranoside, Phosphoenolpyruvic acid, Primary transcript, Prokaryote, Promoter (genetics), Regulation of gene expression, Regulator gene, Reporter gene, Richard H. Ebright, RNA polymerase, Shine–Dalgarno sequence, Streptomycin, Structural gene, Substrate (chemistry), Sugar, Symporter, Terminator (genetics), Translation (biology), Transport protein, Two-hybrid screening, Upstream and downstream (DNA), World War II, X-gal.