en.unionpedia.org

Lady-in-waiting, the Glossary

A lady-in-waiting (alternatively written lady in waiting) or court lady is a female personal assistant at a court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman.^[1]

286 relations: Academy of Korean Studies, Akazome Emon, Amalia of Oldenburg, Anna Vyrubova, Annabel Elliot, Annabel Whitehead, Anne Boleyn, Anne of Brittany, Apsara, Augusta Löwenhielm, Austrian German, Şahinde Hanım, Şekerpare Hatun, Barbary slave trade, Battenberg family, Bavaria, Beatrix of the Netherlands, Bedchamber crisis, Belgian nobility, Berlin, Black Sea slave trade, Bourbon Restoration in France, Bowes-Lyon family, Boyar, British royal family, Budget, Burgundian Netherlands, Burgundy, Byzantine Empire, Camarera mayor de Palacio, Canfeda Hatun, Cariye, Carlyn Chisholm, Baroness Chisholm of Owlpen, Carolingian Empire, Catherine Douglas, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr, Chaperone (social), Charles the Bald, Charlotte von Stein, Cheonmin, Chief Court Mistress, Chips Keswick, Christian IX of Denmark, Christina, Queen of Sweden, Concubinage, Coronation, Court Circular, Courtesan, Courtier, ... Expand index (236 more) »
Ladies-in-waiting
Women by occupation

Academy of Korean Studies

The Academy of Korean Studies (AKS) is a South Korean research and educational institute focusing on Korean studies.

See Lady-in-waiting and Academy of Korean Studies

Akazome Emon

was a Japanese waka poet and early historian who lived in the mid-Heian period.

See Lady-in-waiting and Akazome Emon

Amalia of Oldenburg

Amalia of Oldenburg (21 December 181820 May 1875) was a Oldenburg princess who became Queen of Greece from 1836 to 1862 as the wife of King Otto Friedrich Ludwig.

See Lady-in-waiting and Amalia of Oldenburg

Anna Alexandrovna Vyrubova (née Taneyeva; А́нна Алекса́ндровна Вы́рубова (Тане́ева); 16 July 1884 – 20 July 1964) was a lady-in-waiting in the late Russian Empire, the best friend and confidante of Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna.

See Lady-in-waiting and Anna Vyrubova

Annabel Elliot

Sonia Annabel Elliot (Shand; born 2 February 1949) is a British interior designer and antiques dealer.

See Lady-in-waiting and Annabel Elliot

Annabel Whitehead

Dame Annabel Alice Hoyer Whitehead, (née Millar; born 25 January 1943) is a British courtier and former lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth II.

See Lady-in-waiting and Annabel Whitehead

Anne Boleyn

Anne Boleyn (1501 or 1507 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536, as the second wife of King Henry VIII.

See Lady-in-waiting and Anne Boleyn

Anne of Brittany

Anne of Brittany (25/26 January 1477 – 9 January 1514) was reigning Duchess of Brittany from 1488 until her death, and Queen of France from 1491 to 1498 and from 1499 to her death.

See Lady-in-waiting and Anne of Brittany

Apsara

Apsaras (अप्सरा,, Akcharā Khmer: អប្សរា Thai:นางอัปสร) are a member of a class of celestial beings in Hindu and Buddhist culture They were originally a type of female spirit of the clouds and waters, but, later play the role of a "nymph" or "fairy".

See Lady-in-waiting and Apsara

Augusta Löwenhielm

Countess Christina Augusta Löwenhielm (née von Fersen; 10 March 1754 – 8 April 1846), was a Swedish noblewoman and courtier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Augusta Löwenhielm

Austrian German

Austrian German (Österreichisches Deutsch), Austrian Standard German (ASG), Standard Austrian German (Österreichisches Standarddeutsch), Austrian High German (Österreichisches Hochdeutsch), or simply just Austrian (Österreichisch), is the variety of Standard German written and spoken in Austria and South Tyrol.

See Lady-in-waiting and Austrian German

Şahinde Hanım

Şahinde Hanım (شاہندہ خانم; born Princess Kezban Marshania; 1895 – 15 March 1924) was an Abkhazian princess.

See Lady-in-waiting and Şahinde Hanım

Şekerpare Hatun

Şehsuvar Şekerpare Hatun (شکر پارہ خاتون, "intrepid heroine" and "sugar lump", died in 1649), previously known as Şehsuvar Usta, was a lady-in-waiting to Sultan Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire.

See Lady-in-waiting and Şekerpare Hatun

Barbary slave trade

The Barbary slave trade involved the capture and selling of European slaves at African slave markets in the largely independent Ottoman Barbary states.

See Lady-in-waiting and Barbary slave trade

Battenberg family

The Battenberg family is a non-dynastic cadet branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, which ruled the Grand Duchy of Hesse until 1918.

See Lady-in-waiting and Battenberg family

Bavaria

Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a state in the southeast of Germany.

See Lady-in-waiting and Bavaria

Beatrix of the Netherlands

Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard,; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal house who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 until her abdication in 2013.

See Lady-in-waiting and Beatrix of the Netherlands

Bedchamber crisis

The Bedchamber crisis occurred on 7 May 1839 after Whig politician William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne declared his intention to resign as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after a government bill passed by a very narrow margin of only five votes in the House of Commons.

See Lady-in-waiting and Bedchamber crisis

Belgian nobility

The Belgian nobility comprises Belgian individuals or families recognized as noble with or without a title of nobility in the Kingdom of Belgium.

See Lady-in-waiting and Belgian nobility

Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

See Lady-in-waiting and Berlin

Black Sea slave trade

The Black Sea slave trade trafficked people across the Black Sea from Europe and the Caucasus to slavery in the Mediterranean and the Middle East.

See Lady-in-waiting and Black Sea slave trade

Bourbon Restoration in France

The Second Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of the First French Empire in 1815.

See Lady-in-waiting and Bourbon Restoration in France

Bowes-Lyon family

The Bowes-Lyon family descends from George Bowes of Gibside and Streatlam Castle (1701–1760), a County Durham landowner and politician, through John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, chief of the Clan Lyon.

See Lady-in-waiting and Bowes-Lyon family

Boyar

A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Bulgaria, Kievan Rus' (and later Russia), Moldavia and Wallachia (and later Romania), Lithuania and among Baltic Germans.

See Lady-in-waiting and Boyar

British royal family

The British royal family comprises King Charles III and his close relations.

See Lady-in-waiting and British royal family

Budget

A budget is a calculation plan, usually but not always financial, for a defined period, often one year or a month.

See Lady-in-waiting and Budget

Burgundian Netherlands

In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands (Burgundiae Belgicae, Pays-Bas bourguignons., Bourgondische Nederlanden, Burgundesch Nidderlanden, Bas Payis borguignons) or the Burgundian Age is the period between 1384 and 1482, during which a growing part of the Low Countries was ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy.

See Lady-in-waiting and Burgundian Netherlands

Burgundy

Burgundy (Bourgogne; Burgundian: bourguignon) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France.

See Lady-in-waiting and Burgundy

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

See Lady-in-waiting and Byzantine Empire

Camarera mayor de Palacio

The Camarera mayor de Palacio (First Lady of the Bedchamber) was a court official of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain, who was in charge of the person and the rooms of the Queen of Spain.

See Lady-in-waiting and Camarera mayor de Palacio

Canfeda Hatun

Saliha Canfeda Hatun (صالحہ جان فدا خاتون; "the devoted one" and "soul"; died 1600) was a lady-in-waiting to Nurbanu Sultan and Sultan Murad III of the Ottoman Empire.

See Lady-in-waiting and Canfeda Hatun

Cariye

Cariye ("Jariya") was a title and term used for category of enslaved women concubines in the Islamic world of the Middle East.

See Lady-in-waiting and Cariye

Carlyn Chisholm, Baroness Chisholm of Owlpen

Caroline Elizabeth Chisholm, Baroness Chisholm of Owlpen (born 23 December 1951), is a British life peeress and member of the House of Lords, where she currently sits as a non-affiliated member.

See Lady-in-waiting and Carlyn Chisholm, Baroness Chisholm of Owlpen

Carolingian Empire

The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages.

See Lady-in-waiting and Carolingian Empire

Catherine Douglas

Catherine Douglas, later Barlass, was a 15th-century Scottish noblewoman who tried to prevent the assassination of King James I of Scotland on 20 February 1437.

See Lady-in-waiting and Catherine Douglas

Catherine Howard

Catherine Howard (– 13 February 1542) was Queen of England from July 1540 until November 1541 as the fifth wife of King Henry VIII.

See Lady-in-waiting and Catherine Howard

Catherine Parr

Catherine Parr (she signed her letters as Kateryn; 1512 – 5 September 1548) was Queen of England and Ireland as the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 12 July 1543 until Henry's death on 28 January 1547.

See Lady-in-waiting and Catherine Parr

A chaperone (also spelled chaperon) in its original social usage was a person who for propriety's sake accompanied an unmarried girl in public; usually she was an older married woman, and most commonly the girl's own mother.

See Lady-in-waiting and Chaperone (social)

Charles the Bald

Charles the Bald (Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877), also known as Charles II, was a 9th-century king of West Francia (843–877), King of Italy (875–877) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–877).

See Lady-in-waiting and Charles the Bald

Charlotte von Stein

Charlotte Albertine Ernestine von Stein (also mentioned as Charlotta Ernestina Bernadina von Stein), born von Schardt; 25 December 1742, Eisenach – 6 January 1827, Weimar, was a lady-in-waiting at the court in Weimar and a close friend to both Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whose work and life were strongly influenced by her.

See Lady-in-waiting and Charlotte von Stein

Cheonmin

Cheonmin, or "vulgar commoners", were the lowest caste of commoners in dynastical Korea.

See Lady-in-waiting and Cheonmin

Chief Court Mistress

Court Mistress (hofmesterinde; hofmeesteres; Hofmeisterin; hoffmesterinne; hovmästarinna) or Chief Court Mistress (overhofmesterinde;;; overhoffmesterinne; överhovmästarinna; ober-gofmeysterina) is or was the title of the senior lady-in-waiting in the courts of Austria, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, Imperial Russia, and the German princely and royal courts.

See Lady-in-waiting and Chief Court Mistress

Chips Keswick

Sir John Chippendale "Chips" Lindley Keswick (2 February 1940 – 17 April 2024) was a British merchant banker and member of the Keswick family who control Jardine Matheson, founded by William Jardine.

See Lady-in-waiting and Chips Keswick

Christian IX of Denmark

Christian IX (8 April 181829 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 15 November 1863 until his death in 1906.

See Lady-in-waiting and Christian IX of Denmark

Christina, Queen of Sweden

Christina (Kristina; 18 December 1626 – 19 April 1689) was a member of the House of Vasa and the Queen of Sweden in her own right from 1632 until her abdication in 1654.

See Lady-in-waiting and Christina, Queen of Sweden

Concubinage

Concubinage is an interpersonal and sexual relationship between two people in which the couple does not want to, or cannot, enter into a full marriage.

See Lady-in-waiting and Concubinage

Coronation

A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head.

See Lady-in-waiting and Coronation

Court Circular

The Court Circular is the official record that lists the engagements carried out by the monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms; the royal family; and appointments to their staff and to the court.

See Lady-in-waiting and Court Circular

Courtesan

A courtesan is a prostitute with a courtly, wealthy, or upper-class clientele.

See Lady-in-waiting and Courtesan

Courtier

A courtier is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty.

See Lady-in-waiting and Courtier

Creditor

A creditor or lender is a party (e.g., person, organization, company, or government) that has a claim on the services of a second party.

See Lady-in-waiting and Creditor

Daini no Sanmi

was a Japanese waka poet of the mid-Heian period.

See Lady-in-waiting and Daini no Sanmi

Dame d'atours

Dame d'atour was an office at the royal court of France. Lady-in-waiting and Dame d'atours are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Dame d'atours

Dame d'honneur

Dame d'honneur or Dame d’honneur was a common title for two categories of French ladies-in-waiting, who are often confused because of the similarity.

See Lady-in-waiting and Dame d'honneur

Dame du Palais

The Dame du Palais, originally only Dame, was a historical office in the Royal Court of France. Lady-in-waiting and Dame du Palais are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Dame du Palais

Denmark–Norway

Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: Danmark–Norge) is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real unionFeldbæk 1998:11 consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including the then Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and other possessions), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein.

See Lady-in-waiting and Denmark–Norway

Diana Maxwell, Baroness Farnham

Diana Marion Maxwell, Baroness Farnham, (Gunnis; 24 May 1931 – 29 December 2021) was a British courtier who served as Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth II from 1987 until her death in 2021.

See Lady-in-waiting and Diana Maxwell, Baroness Farnham

Domestic worker

A domestic worker is a person who works within a residence and performs a variety of household services for an individual, from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or care for children and elderly dependents, and other household errands.

See Lady-in-waiting and Domestic worker

Dresden

Dresden (Upper Saxon: Dräsdn; Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.

See Lady-in-waiting and Dresden

Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy (Ducatus Burgundiae; Duché de Bourgogne) emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians, which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire.

See Lady-in-waiting and Duchy of Burgundy

Dutch language

Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.

See Lady-in-waiting and Dutch language

Edo people

The Edo people, sometimes referred to as the Bendel people, are an Edo-speaking ethnic group.

See Lady-in-waiting and Edo people

Edward IV

Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483.

See Lady-in-waiting and Edward IV

Elżbieta Sieniawska

Elżbieta Helena Sieniawska, née Lubomirska (Końskowola, 1669 – 21 March 1729, Oleszyce), was a Polish noblewoman, Grand Hetmaness of the Crown (hetmanowa wielka koronna), and a renowned patron of the arts.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elżbieta Sieniawska

Electorate of Saxony

The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony (Kurfürstentum Sachsen or), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806.

See Lady-in-waiting and Electorate of Saxony

Eleonore von Schlieben

Countess Eleonore Louise Albertine von Schlieben-Sanditten (1720 - 15 February 1755) was a German noblewoman and a lady in waiting to Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, the wife of Frederick the Great.

See Lady-in-waiting and Eleonore von Schlieben

Elizabeth Gyllenhielm

Elizabeth Carlsdotter Gyllenhielm (Swedish: Elisabet; 1622-1682), was the daughter of the Swedish prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland, in his secret marriage with the noble Elizabeth Ribbing.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elizabeth Gyllenhielm

Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elizabeth II

Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505)

Elizabeth of Austria (Elisabeth von Habsburg; Elżbieta Rakuszanka; Elžbieta Habsburgaitė; c. 1436 – 30 August 1505) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the wife of King Casimir IV of Poland.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505)

Elizabeth of Luxembourg

Elizabeth of Luxembourg (Luxemburgi Erzsébet; 7 October 1409 – 19 December 1442) was queen consort of Hungary, queen consort of Germany and Bohemia.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elizabeth of Luxembourg

Elizabeth of York

Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 – 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death in 1503.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elizabeth of York

Elizabeth Ribbing

Elizabeth Ribbing (Swedish: Elisabet; 1 January 1596 at Fästered, Finnekumla – 24 April 1662), was a Swedish noblewoman and lady-in-waiting.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elizabeth Ribbing

Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell

Elizabeth Seymour (– 19 March 1568) was a younger daughter of Sir John Seymour of Wulfhall, Wiltshire and Margery Wentworth. Elizabeth and her sister Jane served in the household of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII. The Seymours rose to prominence after the king's attention turned to Jane.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell

Elizabeth Woodville

Elizabeth Woodville (also spelt Wydville, Wydeville, or Widvile; c. 1437Karen Lindsey, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived, p. xviii, Perseus Books, 1995. – 8 June 1492), later known as Dame Elizabeth Grey, was Queen of England from 1 May 1464 until 3 October 1470 and from 11 April 1471 until 9 April 1483 as the wife of King Edward IV.

See Lady-in-waiting and Elizabeth Woodville

Emperor En'yū

was the 64th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

See Lady-in-waiting and Emperor En'yū

Emperor Go-Reizei

was the 70th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

See Lady-in-waiting and Emperor Go-Reizei

Emperor Go-Suzaku

was the 69th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

See Lady-in-waiting and Emperor Go-Suzaku

Emperor Ichijō

was the 66th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

See Lady-in-waiting and Emperor Ichijō

Emperor Murakami

was the 62nd emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

See Lady-in-waiting and Emperor Murakami

Emperor Shirakawa

was the 72nd emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

See Lady-in-waiting and Emperor Shirakawa

Emperor Uda

was the 59th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

See Lady-in-waiting and Emperor Uda

Empress Dowager Cixi

Empress Dowager Cixi (29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908) was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty as empress dowager and regent for almost 50 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908.

See Lady-in-waiting and Empress Dowager Cixi

Empress Elisabeth of Austria

Elisabeth (born Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria; 24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898), nicknamed Sisi or Sissi, was Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary from her marriage to Emperor Franz Joseph I on 24 April 1854 until her assassination in 1898.

See Lady-in-waiting and Empress Elisabeth of Austria

Empress Shōshi

, also known as, the eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga, was Empress of Japan from 1000 to 1011.

See Lady-in-waiting and Empress Shōshi

Empress Xiaozhuangwen

Bumbutai (Бумбутай; ᠪᡠᠮᠪᡠᡨᠠᡳ; 布木布泰; 28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of Hong Taiji.

See Lady-in-waiting and Empress Xiaozhuangwen

Etiquette

Etiquette is the set of norms of personal behaviour in polite society, usually occurring in the form of an ethical code of the expected and accepted social behaviours that accord with the conventions and norms observed and practised by a society, a social class, or a social group.

See Lady-in-waiting and Etiquette

Eunuch

A eunuch is a male who has been castrated.

See Lady-in-waiting and Eunuch

Fiona Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne

Fiona Mary Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne, (née Merritt; born 3 October 1954), previously known professionally as Fiona Shelburne, is a British aristocrat, socialite and interior designer.

See Lady-in-waiting and Fiona Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne

First French Empire

The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire after 1809 and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.

See Lady-in-waiting and First French Empire

First Lady of the Bedchamber

In British Royal Households, First Lady of the Bedchamber is the title of the highest of the ladies of the bedchamber, those holding the official position of personal attendants on a queen or princess.

See Lady-in-waiting and First Lady of the Bedchamber

Fortune FitzRoy, Duchess of Grafton

Ann Fortune FitzRoy, Duchess of Grafton, (24 February 1920 – 3 December 2021) was a British courtier who served as Mistress of the Robes to Queen Elizabeth II from 1967 until her death in 2021.

See Lady-in-waiting and Fortune FitzRoy, Duchess of Grafton

Françoise de Brézé

Françoise de Brézé (ca. 1518 – 14 October 1577), Suo jure Countess of Maulévrier, was a French noblewoman and courtier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Françoise de Brézé

Francis I of France

Francis I (er|; Françoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547.

See Lady-in-waiting and Francis I of France

French language

French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

See Lady-in-waiting and French language

Fujiwara no Michitaka

, the first son of Kaneie, was a Kugyō (Japanese noble) of the Heian period.

See Lady-in-waiting and Fujiwara no Michitaka

Fujiwara no Teishi

, also known as Sadako, was an empress consort of the Japanese Emperor Ichijō.

See Lady-in-waiting and Fujiwara no Teishi

Gabriele von Bülow

Gabriele von Bülow (28 May 1802 – 16 April 1887) was a German noblewoman.

See Lady-in-waiting and Gabriele von Bülow

Gao Wei

Gao Wei (高緯) (29 May 556 – November 577), often known in history as Houzhu of Northern Qi ((北)齊後主), courtesy name Rengang (仁綱), sometimes referred to by his later Northern Zhou-created title of Duke of Wen (溫國公), was the penultimate emperor of the Northern Qi dynasty of China.

See Lady-in-waiting and Gao Wei

Gülfem Hatun

Gülfem Hatun (کلفمخاتون; meaning "rose mouth", died October– November 1561) was a lady-in-waiting in the harem of Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (reign 1520–1566).

See Lady-in-waiting and Gülfem Hatun

Governess of the Children of France

The Governess of the Children of France (sometimes the Governess of the Royal Children) was an office at the royal French court during pre-Revolutionary France and the Bourbon Restoration. Lady-in-waiting and Governess of the Children of France are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Governess of the Children of France

Gungnyeo

GungnyeoHan, Hee-sook, pp. Lady-in-waiting and Gungnyeo are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Gungnyeo

Gwiin Jo (Injo)

Jo (1619 – 24 January 1652) of the, widely known as Jo, was a concubine of King Injo of Joseon.

See Lady-in-waiting and Gwiin Jo (Injo)

Gyeongjong of Joseon

Gyeongjong (20 November 1688 – 11 October 1724), personal name Yi Yun, was the 20th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea.

See Lady-in-waiting and Gyeongjong of Joseon

Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.

See Lady-in-waiting and Han dynasty

Handmaiden

A handmaiden (nowadays less commonly handmaid or maidservant) is a personal maid or female servant. Lady-in-waiting and handmaiden are Gendered occupations and women by occupation.

See Lady-in-waiting and Handmaiden

Harem

Harem (lit) refers to domestic spaces that are reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family.

See Lady-in-waiting and Harem

Hazinedar

or (from خزینه‌دار) is a title in Ottoman Empire hierarchy.

See Lady-in-waiting and Hazinedar

Heian period

The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185.

See Lady-in-waiting and Heian period

Heidelberg

Heidelberg (Heidlberg) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany.

See Lady-in-waiting and Heidelberg

Helene Kottanner

Helene Kottanner (née Wolfram; Kottanner Ilona or Kottanner Jánosné; c. 1400 – after 1470) was a Hungarian courtier and writer.

See Lady-in-waiting and Helene Kottanner

Henriette of Cleves

Henriette de La Marck (31 October 1542 – 24 June 1601), also known as Henriette of Cleves, was a French noblewoman and courtier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Henriette of Cleves

Henry VIII

Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547.

See Lady-in-waiting and Henry VIII

High priest

The term "high priest" usually refers either to an individual who holds the office of ruler-priest, or to one who is the head of a religious organisation.

See Lady-in-waiting and High priest

Hincmar

Hincmar (Hincmarus; 806 – 21 December 882), archbishop of Reims, was a Frankish jurist and theologian, as well as the friend, advisor and propagandist of Charles the Bald.

See Lady-in-waiting and Hincmar

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.

See Lady-in-waiting and Holy Roman Empire

Honorary male

An honorary male or honorary man is a woman who is accorded the status of a man without disrupting the patriarchal status quo.

See Lady-in-waiting and Honorary male

House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (Haus Habsburg), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history.

See Lady-in-waiting and House of Habsburg

House of Tudor

The House of Tudor was an English and Welsh dynasty that held the throne of England from 1485 to 1603.

See Lady-in-waiting and House of Tudor

Hubbi Hatun

Ayşe Hubbi Hatun (حبی خاتون; "the living one" or "womanly" and "the ammirated one"; died 1590) was a lady-in-waiting to Sultan Selim II and later to his son Sultan Murad III of the Ottoman Empire.

See Lady-in-waiting and Hubbi Hatun

Ida Ferenczy

Ida Krisztina Veronika Ferenczy de Vecseszék (7 April 1839 – 28 June 1928) was a Hungarian noblewoman who served Empress Elisabeth of Austria as a lady-in-waiting—and favourite and confidant—from 1864 until the Empress' death in 1898.

See Lady-in-waiting and Ida Ferenczy

Imperial Chinese harem system

The ranks of imperial consorts have varied over the course of Chinese history but remained important throughout owing to its prominence in the management of the inner court and in imperial succession, which ranked heirs according to the prominence of their mothers in addition to their birth order.

See Lady-in-waiting and Imperial Chinese harem system

Imperial Consort Gwiin Yang

Imperial Consort Boknyeong Gwi-in of the Cheongju Yang clan (27 September 1882 – 30 May 1929), was a consort of Emperor Gojong of Korea.

See Lady-in-waiting and Imperial Consort Gwiin Yang

Irma Sztáray

Countess Irma Sztáray de Sztára et Nagymihály (10 July 1863 – 3 September 1940) was a Hungarian courtier and memoirist.

See Lady-in-waiting and Irma Sztáray

Isabella I of Castile

Isabella I (Isabel I; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504), also called Isabella the Catholic (Spanish: Isabel la Católica), was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504.

See Lady-in-waiting and Isabella I of Castile

Isabella of Portugal

Isabella of Portugal (Isabel de Portugal; 24 October 1503 – 1 May 1539) was the empress consort of her husband Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain, Archduke of Austria, and Duke of Burgundy.

See Lady-in-waiting and Isabella of Portugal

Ise no Taifu

, also known as Ise no Tayū or Ise no Ōsuke, was a Japanese waka poet active in the later Heian period (early 11th century).

See Lady-in-waiting and Ise no Taifu

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See Lady-in-waiting and Italy

Ivy Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess of Portland

Ivy Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess of Portland GBE (née Gordon-Lennox; 16 June 1887 – 3 March 1982) was Duchess of Portland from 1943 – 1977 and afterwards Dowager Duchess.

See Lady-in-waiting and Ivy Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess of Portland

Jacqueline de Longwy

Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (before 1520 – 28 August 1561), Duchess of Montpensier, Dauphine of Auvergne was a French noblewoman, and a half-niece of King Francis I of France.

See Lady-in-waiting and Jacqueline de Longwy

Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford

Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford (– 13 February 1542) was an English noblewoman.

See Lady-in-waiting and Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford

Jane Dormer

Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria (6 January 1538 – 13 January 1612) was an English lady-in-waiting to Mary I who, after the Queen's death, married Gómez Suárez de Figueroa y Córdoba, 1st Duke of Feria and went to live in Spain, where she would become a magnet for exiled English Catholics.

See Lady-in-waiting and Jane Dormer

Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely

Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely (née Hope-Vere; 3 December 1821 – 11 June 1890) was an English lady of the bedchamber and a close friend of Queen Victoria.

See Lady-in-waiting and Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely

Jane Seymour

Jane Seymour (c. 150824 October 1537) was Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year.

See Lady-in-waiting and Jane Seymour

Jiajing Emperor

The Jiajing Emperor (16September 150723January 1567), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizong of Ming, personal name Zhu Houcong, was the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1521 to 1567.

See Lady-in-waiting and Jiajing Emperor

Joan I of Navarre

Joan I (14 January 1273 – 31 March/2 April 1305) (Joana, Spanish: Juana) was ruling Queen of Navarre and Countess of Champagne from 1274 until 1305.

See Lady-in-waiting and Joan I of Navarre

Jonkheer

Jonkheer (female equivalent: jonkvrouw; Écuyer in the masculine only; jonkvrouw is used in the feminine, even in French; Squire) is an honorific in the Low Countries denoting the lowest rank within the nobility.

See Lady-in-waiting and Jonkheer

Julia, Princess of Battenberg

Julia, Princess of Battenberg, previously Countess Julia von Hauke and Countess of Battenberg (born Julia Therese Salomea Hauke; – 19 September 1895), was the wife of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, the third son of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse.

See Lady-in-waiting and Julia, Princess of Battenberg

Jungin

The jungin or chungin were the upper middle class of the Joseon Dynasty in medieval and early modern Korean society.

See Lady-in-waiting and Jungin

Kalfa

Kalfa (Turkish for 'apprentice, assistant master') was a general term in the Ottoman Empire for the women attendants and supervisors in service in the imperial palace.

See Lady-in-waiting and Kalfa

Karoline Friederike von Berg

Karoline Friederike von Berg (1760–1826), was a German salonist and lady in waiting.

See Lady-in-waiting and Karoline Friederike von Berg

Kat Ashley

Katherine Ashley (née Champernowne; circa 1502 – 18 July 1565), also known as Kat Ashley or Astley, was the first close friend, governess, and Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth I of England.

See Lady-in-waiting and Kat Ashley

Kim Gae-si

Kim Gae-si (died 1623) or formally called Court Lady Kim was a Korean Court Lady during the Joseon period, who became a concubine of King Seonjo and later of his son, Gwanghae, after Seonjo death.

See Lady-in-waiting and Kim Gae-si

Kingdom of Greece

The Kingdom of Greece (Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος) was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic.

See Lady-in-waiting and Kingdom of Greece

Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.

See Lady-in-waiting and Kingdom of Italy

Kingdom of the Netherlands

The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden), commonly known simply as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state consisting of a collection of constituent territories united under the monarch of the Netherlands, who functions as head of state.

See Lady-in-waiting and Kingdom of the Netherlands

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Regno delle Due Sicilie) was a kingdom in Southern Italy from 1816 to 1861 under the control of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, a cadet branch of the Bourbons.

See Lady-in-waiting and Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Kisaeng

Kisaeng, also called ginyeo, were enslaved women from outcast or enslaved families who were trained to be courtesans, providing artistic entertainment and conversation to men of upper class.

See Lady-in-waiting and Kisaeng

Klara Izabella Pacowa

Klara Izabella Pacowa, born Claire Isabelle Eugenie de Mailly-Lespine (1631 - 11 March 1685), was a Polish court official.

See Lady-in-waiting and Klara Izabella Pacowa

Lady Ise

, also known as, was a Japanese poet in the Imperial court's waka tradition.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lady Ise

Lady of the Bedchamber

Lady of the Bedchamber is the title of a lady-in-waiting holding the official position of personal attendant on a British queen regnant or queen consort. Lady-in-waiting and lady of the Bedchamber are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lady of the Bedchamber

Lady Pamela Hicks

Lady Pamela Carmen Louise Hicks (née Mountbatten; born 19 April 1929) is a British aristocrat and relative of the British royal family.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lady Pamela Hicks

Lady Sarah McCorquodale

Lady Elizabeth Sarah Lavinia McCorquodale (née Spencer; born 19 March 1955) is one of the two older sisters of Diana, Princess of Wales, the other being Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lady Sarah McCorquodale

Lady Susan Hussey

Susan Katharine Hussey, Baroness Hussey of North Bradley, (née Waldegrave; born 1 May 1939), known as Lady Susan Hussey, is a British noblewoman who served as a Woman of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth II and as a Lady of the Household from September to November 2022 under King Charles III.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lady Susan Hussey

Lady's companion

A lady's companion was a woman of genteel birth who lived with a woman of rank or wealth as retainer. Lady-in-waiting and lady's companion are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lady's companion

Lady's maid

A lady's maid is a female personal attendant who waits on her female employer.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lady's maid

Lettice Knollys

Lettice Knollys (sometimes latinized as Laetitia, alias Lettice Devereux or Lettice Dudley), Countess of Essex and Countess of Leicester (8 November 1543Adams 2008a – 25 December 1634), was an English noblewoman and mother to the courtiers Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Lady Penelope Rich.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lettice Knollys

List of Nigerian traditional states

There are many traditional states in Nigeria.

See Lady-in-waiting and List of Nigerian traditional states

List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire

The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

See Lady-in-waiting and List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire

Lobedu people

The Lobedu or Balobedu (also known as the BaLozwi or Bathobolo) are a southern African ethnic group that speak a Northern Sotho dialect.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lobedu people

Louise Élisabeth de Croÿ

Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ (Louise Élisabeth Félicité Françoise Armande Anne Marie Jeanne Joséphine; 11 June 1749 – 15 May 1832) was a French noblewoman and courtier, as the Marquise of Tourzel.

See Lady-in-waiting and Louise Élisabeth de Croÿ

Louise of Orléans

Louise of Orléans (Louise-Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle; 3 April 1812 – 11 October 1850) was the first Queen of the Belgians as the second wife of King Leopold I from their marriage on 9 August 1832 until her death in 1850.

See Lady-in-waiting and Louise of Orléans

Louise von Plessen

Louise Scheel von Plessen (née Countess Louise von Berckentin; Vienna, 26 April 1725 – Celle, 14 September 1799) was a Danish lady-in-waiting and memoir writer.

See Lady-in-waiting and Louise von Plessen

Lu Lingxuan

Lu Lingxuan (陸令萱) (died January 577) was a lady in waiting in the palace of the Chinese Northern Qi dynasty.

See Lady-in-waiting and Lu Lingxuan

Luise von Göchhausen

Louise Ernestine Christiane Juliane von Göchhausen (13 February 1752 – 7 September 1807) was Chief Lady-in-Waiting to Duchess Anna Amalia of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

See Lady-in-waiting and Luise von Göchhausen

Magdalena Rudenschöld

Countess Magdalena "Malla" or "Malin" Charlotta Rudenschöld (1 January 1766 – 5 March 1823 in Stockholm, Sweden) was a Swedish lady-in-waiting and conspirator.

See Lady-in-waiting and Magdalena Rudenschöld

Maid

A maid, housemaid, or maidservant is a female domestic worker. Lady-in-waiting and maid are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Maid

Maid of honour

A maid of honour is a junior attendant of a queen in royal households.

See Lady-in-waiting and Maid of honour

Maid of the Bedchamber

A Maid of the Bedchamber (Danish: Kammerfrøken; German: Kammerfräulein; Russian: kamer-devitsa; Swedish: kammarfröken) was a court office for a lady-in-waiting in several European courts.

See Lady-in-waiting and Maid of the Bedchamber

Margaret Lee (lady-in-waiting)

Lady Margaret Lee (Wyatt) was an English courtier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Margaret Lee (lady-in-waiting)

Margaret of France, Queen of England

Margaret or Marguerite of France (– 14 February 1318) was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I. She was a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant.

See Lady-in-waiting and Margaret of France, Queen of England

Margaret Rhodes

Margaret Rhodes (9 June 1925 – 25 November 2016) was a British aristocrat and a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.

See Lady-in-waiting and Margaret Rhodes

Margaret Southern

Margaret Elizabeth Southern, (born Margaret Visser on 26 February 1931) is a Canadian businesswoman, noted as a co-founder of the Spruce Meadows equestrian park near Calgary. Lady-in-waiting and Margaret Southern are ladies-in-waiting.

See Lady-in-waiting and Margaret Southern

Maria Caroline Charlotte von Ingenheim

Baroness Maria Caroline Charlotte von Ingenheim, Countess von Spreti (1704–1749), was a German courtier and the royal mistress of Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor, from 1719–1723.

See Lady-in-waiting and Maria Caroline Charlotte von Ingenheim

Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress

Maria of Austria (21 June 1528 – 26 February 1603), also known as Isabel, was the empress consort and queen consort of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary.

See Lady-in-waiting and Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress

Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741)

Marie Anne de Bourbon (16 October 1697 – 11 August 1741) was Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine (Superintendent of the Household) to the French queen Maria Leszczyńska.

See Lady-in-waiting and Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741)

Marie Casimire Sobieska

Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien (Maria Kazimiera Ludwika d’Arquien; 28 June 1641 – 30 January 1716), known also by the diminutive form "Marysieńka", was a French noblewoman who became the queen consort of Poland and grand duchess consort of Lithuania from 1674 to 1696 by her marriage to King and Grand Duke John III Sobieski of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

See Lady-in-waiting and Marie Casimire Sobieska

Marie Festetics

Countess Marie Festetics von Tolna (20 October 1839 – 16 April 1923), was an Austro-Hungarian countess, diarist and lady-in-waiting.

See Lady-in-waiting and Marie Festetics

Marie Luise von Degenfeld

Marie Susanne Luise von Degenfeld (28 November 1634 – 18 March 1677) was a German noblewoman and the morganatic second wife of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine.

See Lady-in-waiting and Marie Luise von Degenfeld

Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princess de Lamballe (8 September 1749 – 3 September 1792) was a member of the Savoy-Carignano cadet branch of the House of Savoy.

See Lady-in-waiting and Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême

Marie-Thérèse Charlotte (19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette of France, and their only child to reach adulthood.

See Lady-in-waiting and Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême

Mary Boleyn

Mary Boleyn, also known as Lady Mary, (c. 1499Antonia Fraser, The Wives of Henry VIII (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1992), p. 119 – July 1543) was the sister of English queen consort Anne Boleyn, whose family enjoyed considerable influence during the reign of King Henry VIII.

See Lady-in-waiting and Mary Boleyn

Mary Fleming

Mary Fleming (also spelled Marie Flemyng; 1542–fl. 1584) was a Scottish noblewoman and childhood companion and cousin of Mary, Queen of Scots.

See Lady-in-waiting and Mary Fleming

Mary Hamilton

"Mary Hamilton", or "The Fower Maries" ("The Four Marys"), is a common name for a well-known sixteenth-century ballad from Scotland based on an apparently fictional incident about a lady-in-waiting to a Queen of Scotland.

See Lady-in-waiting and Mary Hamilton

Mary Morrison (courtier)

The Honourable Dame Mary Anne Morrison (born 17 May 1937) is a former lady-in-waiting to Elizabeth II, and was a Woman of the Bedchamber from 1960 until the Queen's death in 2022.

See Lady-in-waiting and Mary Morrison (courtier)

Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)

Mary of Austria (15 September 1505 – 18 October 1558), also known as Mary of Hungary, was queen of Hungary and Bohemia as the wife of King Louis II, and was later governor of the Habsburg Netherlands.

See Lady-in-waiting and Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)

Merovingian dynasty

The Merovingian dynasty was the ruling family of the Franks from around the middle of the 5th century until 751.

See Lady-in-waiting and Merovingian dynasty

Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

See Lady-in-waiting and Ming dynasty

Mistress (form of address)

Mistress is an old form of address for a woman.

See Lady-in-waiting and Mistress (form of address)

Mistress of the Robes

The mistress of the robes was the senior lady in the Royal Household of the United Kingdom, who would, by appointment, attend on the Queen (whether queen regnant or a queen consort).

See Lady-in-waiting and Mistress of the Robes

Monarchy of Canada

The monarchy of Canada is Canada's form of government embodied by the Canadian sovereign and head of state.

See Lady-in-waiting and Monarchy of Canada

Monogram

A monogram is a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol.

See Lady-in-waiting and Monogram

Morganatic marriage

Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse, or any children born of the marriage.

See Lady-in-waiting and Morganatic marriage

Munich

Munich (München) is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany.

See Lady-in-waiting and Munich

Murasaki Shikibu

was a Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court in the Heian period.

See Lady-in-waiting and Murasaki Shikibu

Naemyeongbu

Naemyeongbu, literally Women of the Internal Court, was a category of rank in the royal court of Joseon that referred to concubines and female officials living within the palaces. Lady-in-waiting and Naemyeongbu are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Naemyeongbu

Nazikeda Kadın (wife of Mehmed VI)

Nazikeda Kadın (نازك ادا قادین; meaning 'one of delicate manners'; born Princess Emine Marshania; 9 October 1866 – 4 April 1941), also nicknamed the Last Empress, was the first wife and chief consort of the last sultan, Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire.

See Lady-in-waiting and Nazikeda Kadın (wife of Mehmed VI)

Nellie Yu Roung Ling

Nellie Yu Roung Ling (p; 188216 January 1973), also spelt Nelly, was a Hanjun Plain White bannerwoman and dancer, who is considered "the first modern dancer of China".

See Lady-in-waiting and Nellie Yu Roung Ling

Nobi

Nobi were members of the slave class during the Korean dynasties of Goryeo and Joseon.

See Lady-in-waiting and Nobi

Nobility

Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy.

See Lady-in-waiting and Nobility

Odalisque

An odalisque (odalık) was a chambermaid or a female attendant in a Turkish seraglio, particularly the court ladies in the household of the Ottoman sultan.

See Lady-in-waiting and Odalisque

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

See Lady-in-waiting and Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Imperial Harem

The Imperial Harem (Harem-i Hümâyûn) of the Ottoman Empire was the Ottoman sultan's harem – composed of the wives, servants (both female slaves and eunuchs), female relatives and the sultan's concubines – occupying a secluded portion (seraglio) of the Ottoman imperial household.

See Lady-in-waiting and Ottoman Imperial Harem

Palace plot of Renyin year

The Palace plot of Renyin year, also known as the Palace Women's Uprising, was a Ming dynasty plot against the Jiajing Emperor, where sixteen palace women attempted to murder the emperor.

See Lady-in-waiting and Palace plot of Renyin year

Palatinate (region)

The Palatinate (Pfalz; Palatine German: Palz), or the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a historical region of Germany.

See Lady-in-waiting and Palatinate (region)

Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.

See Lady-in-waiting and Partitions of Poland

Paul I of Russia

Paul I (Pavel I Petrovich; –) was Emperor of Russia from 1796 until his 1801 assassination.

See Lady-in-waiting and Paul I of Russia

Personal assistant

A personal assistant, also referred to as personal aide (PA) or personal secretary (PS), is a job title describing a person who assists a specific person with their daily business or personal task.

See Lady-in-waiting and Personal assistant

Peter the Great

Peter I (–), was Tsar of all Russia from 1682, and the first Emperor of all Russia, known as Peter the Great, from 1721 until his death in 1725.

See Lady-in-waiting and Peter the Great

Piers von Westenholz

Frederick Patrick Piers von Westenholz (born 10 December 1943) is an interior designer, former English alpine skier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Piers von Westenholz

Polygamy

Polygamy (from Late Greek πολυγαμία, "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.

See Lady-in-waiting and Polygamy

Première dame d'honneur

Première dame d'honneur ('first lady of honour'), or simply dame d'honneur ('lady of honour'), was an office at the royal court of France. Lady-in-waiting and Première dame d'honneur are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Première dame d'honneur

Première femme de Chambre

Première femme de Chambre ('First Chamber Maid') was an office at the royal court of France. Lady-in-waiting and Première femme de Chambre are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Première femme de Chambre

Princess Clémentine of Belgium

Princess Clémentine of Belgium (Clémentine Albertine Marie Léopoldine, Clementina Albertina Maria Leopoldina; 30 July 1872 – 8 March 1955), was by birth a Princess of Belgium and member of the House of Wettin in the branch of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as such she was also styled Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess in Saxony).

See Lady-in-waiting and Princess Clémentine of Belgium

Princess Der Ling

Lizzie Yu Der Ling (p; 8 June 188122 November 1944), better known as "Princess" Der Ling, and also known as Elisabeth Antoinette White after her marriage to Thaddeus C. White, was a Han bannerwoman, the daughter of and Louisa Pierson, the half-Chinese daughter of a Boston merchant working in Shanghai.

See Lady-in-waiting and Princess Der Ling

Principality of Moscow

The Principality of Moscow or Grand Duchy of Moscow (Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye), also known simply as Muscovy (from the Latin Moscovia), was a principality of the Late Middle Ages centered on Moscow.

See Lady-in-waiting and Principality of Moscow

Principality of Sedan

The Principality of Sedan (French: Principauté de Sedan) was an independent Protestant state centered on the Château de Sedan (now the city of Sedan) in the Ardennes.

See Lady-in-waiting and Principality of Sedan

Proclamation of accession of Charles III

Charles III became King of the United Kingdom and of 14 other Commonwealth realms upon the death of his mother, Elizabeth II, on 8 September 2022.

See Lady-in-waiting and Proclamation of accession of Charles III

Prussia

Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.

See Lady-in-waiting and Prussia

Purchasing

Purchasing is the procurement process a business or organization uses to acquire goods or services to accomplish its goals.

See Lady-in-waiting and Purchasing

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.

See Lady-in-waiting and Qing dynasty

Queen Camilla

Camilla (born Camilla Rosemary Shand, later Parker Bowles, 17 July 1947) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms as the wife of King Charles III.

See Lady-in-waiting and Queen Camilla

Queen consort

A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status.

See Lady-in-waiting and Queen consort

Queen dowager

A queen dowager or dowager queen (compare: princess dowager or dowager princess) is a title or status generally held by the widow of a king.

See Lady-in-waiting and Queen dowager

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother

Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 to 6 February 1952 as the wife of King George VI.

See Lady-in-waiting and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother

Queen Máxima of the Netherlands

Máxima (born Máxima Zorreguieta; 17 May 1971) is Queen of the Netherlands as the wife of King Willem-Alexander.

See Lady-in-waiting and Queen Máxima of the Netherlands

Queen mother (Africa)

Queen mother (also Queenmother) is a term used to describe certain female traditional rulers in African cultures.

See Lady-in-waiting and Queen mother (Africa)

Queen regnant

A queen regnant (queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank, title and position to a king.

See Lady-in-waiting and Queen regnant

Queen Silvia of Sweden

Silvia (born Silvia Renate Sommerlath; 23 December 1943) is Queen of Sweden as the wife of King Carl XVI Gustaf.

See Lady-in-waiting and Queen Silvia of Sweden

Raziye Hatun

Ayşe Raziye Hatun (راضیه خاتون; "the living one" or "womanly" and "the accepting one" died 26 June 1597) was a lady-in-waiting to Sultan Murad III of the Ottoman Empire.

See Lady-in-waiting and Raziye Hatun

Regent

In a monarchy, a regent is a person appointed to govern a state for the time being because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been determined.

See Lady-in-waiting and Regent

Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

See Lady-in-waiting and Renaissance

Retainer agreement

A retainer agreement is a work-for-hire contract.

See Lady-in-waiting and Retainer agreement

Rosalie von Rauch

Rosalie von Rauch (Rosalie Wilhelmine Johanna; 29 August 1820 – 5 March 1879), was a German noblewoman and, since 1853, Countess of Hohenau.

See Lady-in-waiting and Rosalie von Rauch

Royal court

A royal court, often called simply a court when the royal context is clear, is an extended royal household in a monarchy, including all those who regularly attend on a monarch, or another central figure.

See Lady-in-waiting and Royal court

Royal Households of the United Kingdom

The Royal Households of the United Kingdom are the collective departments that support members of the British royal family.

See Lady-in-waiting and Royal Households of the United Kingdom

Royal Noble Consort Huibin Jang

Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan (3 November 1659 – 10 October 1701), personal name Jang Ok-jeong, was an infamous consort of Sukjong of Joseon and the mother of King Gyeongjong.

See Lady-in-waiting and Royal Noble Consort Huibin Jang

Royal Noble Consort Sukbin Choe

Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Haeju Choe clan (17 December 1670 – 9 April 1718) is one of best known consorts of Sukjong of Joseon and the mother of King Yeongjo.

See Lady-in-waiting and Royal Noble Consort Sukbin Choe

Royal Noble Consort Uibin Seong

Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Changnyeong Seong clan (6 August 1753 – 4 November 1786) was the beloved consort of King Jeongjo of Joseon and the mother of Crown Prince Munhyo.

See Lady-in-waiting and Royal Noble Consort Uibin Seong

Royal Noble Consort Yeongbin Yi

Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Yi clan (15 August 1696 – 23 August 1764), alternatively known as Lady Seonhui, was a concubine of King Yeongjo of Joseon and the mother of Crown Prince Sado.

See Lady-in-waiting and Royal Noble Consort Yeongbin Yi

Royal tours of Canada

Since 1786, members of the Canadian royal family have visited Canada, either as an official tour, a working tour, a vacation, or a period of military service.

See Lady-in-waiting and Royal tours of Canada

Royal Victorian Order

The Royal Victorian Order (Ordre royal de Victoria) is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria.

See Lady-in-waiting and Royal Victorian Order

Ruth Roche, Baroness Fermoy

Ruth Sylvia Roche, Baroness Fermoy, (née Gill; 2 October 1908 – 6 July 1993) was a friend and confidante of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and the maternal grandmother of Diana, Princess of Wales.

See Lady-in-waiting and Ruth Roche, Baroness Fermoy

Sanggung

was an official title of the senior 5th rank, the highest attainable for gungnyeo, a lady-in-waiting during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sanggung

Sangmin

Sangmin, short for p'yŏngsangjimin, is a Korean-language term for commoners of the Joseon period (1392–1897).

See Lady-in-waiting and Sangmin

Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough

Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, Princess of Mindelheim, Countess of Nellenburg (née Jenyns, spelt Jennings in most modern references; 5 June 1660 (Old Style) – 18 October 1744), was an English courtier who rose to be one of the most influential women of her time through her close relationship with Anne, Queen of Great Britain.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough

Sarah Troughton

Sarah Rose Troughton (née Colman; born 3 May 1953) is the Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire, appointed with effect from February 2012.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sarah Troughton

Saxe-Weimar

Saxe-Weimar (Sachsen-Weimar) was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in present-day Thuringia.

See Lady-in-waiting and Saxe-Weimar

Second French Empire

The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was an Imperial Bonapartist regime, ruled by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third French Republics.

See Lady-in-waiting and Second French Empire

Secretary

A secretary, administrative assistant, executive assistant, personal secretary, or other similar titles is an individual whose work consists of supporting management, including executives, using a variety of project management, program evaluation, communication, and/or organizational skills within the area of administration.

See Lady-in-waiting and Secretary

Sei Shōnagon

was a Japanese author, poet, and a court lady who served the Empress Teishi (Sadako) around the year 1000 during the middle Heian period.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sei Shōnagon

Sengoku period

The, is the period in Japanese history in which civil wars and social upheavals took place almost continuously in the 15th and 16th centuries.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sengoku period

Sisowath of Cambodia

Sisowath (ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ,; 7 September 1840 – 9 August 1927) was King of Cambodia from 27 April 1904 to his death in 1927.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sisowath of Cambodia

Song dynasty

The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.

See Lady-in-waiting and Song dynasty

Sophia Razumovskaya

Sophia Stepanovna Razumovskaya (Софья Степановна Разумовская; (label); 11 September 1746 – 26 September 1803) was a Russian courtier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sophia Razumovskaya

Sophie Caroline von Camas

Sophie Caroline von Camas (1686 – 1766) was a Prussian courtier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sophie Caroline von Camas

Sophie Marie von Voß

Countess Sophie Marie von Voß (1729-1814) was a German lady in waiting and memoirist.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sophie Marie von Voß

Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg (Žofie Marie Josefína Albína hraběnka Chotková z Chotkova a Vojnína; 1 March 1868 – 28 June 1914) was the wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

Statsfru

Statsfru ("Lady of the State") is an office at the Royal Court of Sweden.

See Lady-in-waiting and Statsfru

Style (form of address)

A style of office or form of address, also called manner of address, is an official or legally recognized form of address for a person or other entity (such as a government or company), and may often be used in conjunction with a personal title.

See Lady-in-waiting and Style (form of address)

Styles and titles in Joseon

During the Joseon period, royal titles and styles (forms of address) had been extensive and complex.

See Lady-in-waiting and Styles and titles in Joseon

Sukjong of Joseon

Sukjong (7 October 1661 – 12 July 1720), personal name Yi Sun, was the 19th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sukjong of Joseon

Suleiman the Magnificent

Suleiman I (Süleyman-ı Evvel; I.,; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in Western Europe and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.

See Lady-in-waiting and Suleiman the Magnificent

Sumalagu

Sumalagu (originally Sumal, in Manchu; 1615 – 24 October 1705) was a palace attendant of the Qing dynasty.

See Lady-in-waiting and Sumalagu

Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine

Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine ("Superintendent of the Queen's Household"), or only Surintendante, was the senior lady-in-waiting at the royal court of France from 1619 until the French revolution. Lady-in-waiting and Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine

Takashina no Takako

, also known as the or as, was a Japanese waka poet of the mid-Heian period.

See Lady-in-waiting and Takashina no Takako

Takasue's daughter

, also known as Takasue's Daughter and Lady Sarashina, was a Japanese noble woman, poet, and author best known for writing the Sarashina Nikki, a Heian period travel diary recording her life and travels from her teenage years to her fifties.

See Lady-in-waiting and Takasue's daughter

The Favourite

The Favourite is a 2018 period black comedy film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos and written by Deborah Davis and Tony McNamara.

See Lady-in-waiting and The Favourite

The Honourable

The Honourable (Commonwealth English) or The Honorable (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: Hon., Hon'ble, or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people, usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions.

See Lady-in-waiting and The Honourable

Treasurer

A treasurer is a person responsible for the financial operations of a government, business, or other organization.

See Lady-in-waiting and Treasurer

Tsarina

Tsarina or tsaritsa (also spelled csarina or csaricsa, tzarina or tzaritza, or czarina or czaricza; tsaritsa; царица / carica; tsaritsa) is the title of a female autocratic ruler (monarch) of Bulgaria, Serbia or Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife.

See Lady-in-waiting and Tsarina

Ulrika Strömfelt

Ulrika Eleonora Strömfelt (1724 – 5 April 1780) was a politically active Swedish noble and courtier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Ulrika Strömfelt

Uma no Naishi

was a Japanese waka poet and noble from the middle Heian period.

See Lady-in-waiting and Uma no Naishi

Vibhavadi Rangsit

Princess Vibhavadi Rangsit (วิภาวดีรังสิต;; 20 November 1920 – 16 February 1977), née Princess Vibhavadi Rajani (วิภาวดี รัชนี) was a Thai writer and a member of the Thai royal family well known for her fiction writing and her developmental work in rural Thailand. Lady-in-waiting and Vibhavadi Rangsit are ladies-in-waiting.

See Lady-in-waiting and Vibhavadi Rangsit

Virginia Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie

Virginia Fortune Ogilvy, Dowager Countess of Airlie, DCVO (née Ryan; born February 9, 1933) is a former Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth II.

See Lady-in-waiting and Virginia Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie

Wardrobe

A wardrobe, also called armoire or almirah, is a standing closet used for storing clothes.

See Lady-in-waiting and Wardrobe

Wei Tuan'er

Wei Tuan'er (韋團兒) or Tuaner (died 693), was a Chinese courtier.

See Lady-in-waiting and Wei Tuan'er

Westernization

Westernization (or Westernisation, see spelling differences), also Europeanisation or occidentalization (from the Occident), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt what is considered to be Western culture, in areas such as industry, technology, science, education, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores, customs, traditions, values, mentality, perceptions, diet, clothing, language, writing system, religion, and philosophy.

See Lady-in-waiting and Westernization

Wet nurse

A wet nurse is a woman who breastfeeds and cares for another's child. Lady-in-waiting and wet nurse are Gendered occupations.

See Lady-in-waiting and Wet nurse

White slavery

White slavery (also white slave trade or white slave trafficking) refers to the enslavement of any of the world's European ethnic groups throughout human history, whether perpetrated by non-Europeans or by other Europeans.

See Lady-in-waiting and White slavery

Wife

A wife (wives) is a woman in a marital relationship.

See Lady-in-waiting and Wife

Woman of the Bedchamber

In the Royal Household of the United Kingdom the term Woman of the Bedchamber is used to describe a woman (usually a daughter of a peer) attending either a queen regnant or queen consort, in the role of lady-in-waiting.

See Lady-in-waiting and Woman of the Bedchamber

Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian (17 February 624 – 16 December 705), personal name Wu Zhao, was Empress of China from 660 to 705, ruling first through others and then (from 690) in her own right.

See Lady-in-waiting and Wu Zetian

Yangban

The yangban were part of the traditional ruling class or gentry of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty.

See Lady-in-waiting and Yangban

Yolande de Polastron

Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac (8 September 17499 December 1793) was the favourite of Marie Antoinette, whom she first met when she was presented at the Palace of Versailles in 1775, the year after Marie Antoinette became the Queen of France.

See Lady-in-waiting and Yolande de Polastron

Yoruba people

The Yoruba people (Ọmọ Odùduwà, Ọmọ Káàárọ̀-oòjíire) are a West African ethnic group who mainly inhabit parts of Nigeria, Benin, and Togo.

See Lady-in-waiting and Yoruba people

Zoste patrikia

Zōstē patrikía (ζωστὴ πατρικία) was a Byzantine court title reserved exclusively for the woman who was the chief attendant and assistant to the empress. Lady-in-waiting and Zoste patrikia are ladies-in-waiting.

See Lady-in-waiting and Zoste patrikia

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady-in-waiting

Also known as Court ladies, Court lady, Court-lady, Dame di Corte, Dueña de honor, Dueñas de honor, Hofdame, Hofstaatsdame, Ladies in waiting, Ladies of the Household, Ladies-in-Waiting, Ladies-in-waitng, Lady in Waiting, Lady of the Household, Maids-In-Waiting, Palace lady, Palace women, Palastdame, Palatsdame, Queen's companion, Queen's companions, Statsdame, Waiting maid, Waiting maids, Waiting-maid, Waiting-maids, Waiting-woman.

, Creditor, Daini no Sanmi, Dame d'atours, Dame d'honneur, Dame du Palais, Denmark–Norway, Diana Maxwell, Baroness Farnham, Domestic worker, Dresden, Duchy of Burgundy, Dutch language, Edo people, Edward IV, Elżbieta Sieniawska, Electorate of Saxony, Eleonore von Schlieben, Elizabeth Gyllenhielm, Elizabeth II, Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elizabeth of Luxembourg, Elizabeth of York, Elizabeth Ribbing, Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell, Elizabeth Woodville, Emperor En'yū, Emperor Go-Reizei, Emperor Go-Suzaku, Emperor Ichijō, Emperor Murakami, Emperor Shirakawa, Emperor Uda, Empress Dowager Cixi, Empress Elisabeth of Austria, Empress Shōshi, Empress Xiaozhuangwen, Etiquette, Eunuch, Fiona Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne, First French Empire, First Lady of the Bedchamber, Fortune FitzRoy, Duchess of Grafton, Françoise de Brézé, Francis I of France, French language, Fujiwara no Michitaka, Fujiwara no Teishi, Gabriele von Bülow, Gao Wei, Gülfem Hatun, Governess of the Children of France, Gungnyeo, Gwiin Jo (Injo), Gyeongjong of Joseon, Han dynasty, Handmaiden, Harem, Hazinedar, Heian period, Heidelberg, Helene Kottanner, Henriette of Cleves, Henry VIII, High priest, Hincmar, Holy Roman Empire, Honorary male, House of Habsburg, House of Tudor, Hubbi Hatun, Ida Ferenczy, Imperial Chinese harem system, Imperial Consort Gwiin Yang, Irma Sztáray, Isabella I of Castile, Isabella of Portugal, Ise no Taifu, Italy, Ivy Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, Jacqueline de Longwy, Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford, Jane Dormer, Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely, Jane Seymour, Jiajing Emperor, Joan I of Navarre, Jonkheer, Julia, Princess of Battenberg, Jungin, Kalfa, Karoline Friederike von Berg, Kat Ashley, Kim Gae-si, Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Kisaeng, Klara Izabella Pacowa, Lady Ise, Lady of the Bedchamber, Lady Pamela Hicks, Lady Sarah McCorquodale, Lady Susan Hussey, Lady's companion, Lady's maid, Lettice Knollys, List of Nigerian traditional states, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Lobedu people, Louise Élisabeth de Croÿ, Louise of Orléans, Louise von Plessen, Lu Lingxuan, Luise von Göchhausen, Magdalena Rudenschöld, Maid, Maid of honour, Maid of the Bedchamber, Margaret Lee (lady-in-waiting), Margaret of France, Queen of England, Margaret Rhodes, Margaret Southern, Maria Caroline Charlotte von Ingenheim, Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress, Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741), Marie Casimire Sobieska, Marie Festetics, Marie Luise von Degenfeld, Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe, Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême, Mary Boleyn, Mary Fleming, Mary Hamilton, Mary Morrison (courtier), Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands), Merovingian dynasty, Ming dynasty, Mistress (form of address), Mistress of the Robes, Monarchy of Canada, Monogram, Morganatic marriage, Munich, Murasaki Shikibu, Naemyeongbu, Nazikeda Kadın (wife of Mehmed VI), Nellie Yu Roung Ling, Nobi, Nobility, Odalisque, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Imperial Harem, Palace plot of Renyin year, Palatinate (region), Partitions of Poland, Paul I of Russia, Personal assistant, Peter the Great, Piers von Westenholz, Polygamy, Première dame d'honneur, Première femme de Chambre, Princess Clémentine of Belgium, Princess Der Ling, Principality of Moscow, Principality of Sedan, Proclamation of accession of Charles III, Prussia, Purchasing, Qing dynasty, Queen Camilla, Queen consort, Queen dowager, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, Queen Máxima of the Netherlands, Queen mother (Africa), Queen regnant, Queen Silvia of Sweden, Raziye Hatun, Regent, Renaissance, Retainer agreement, Rosalie von Rauch, Royal court, Royal Households of the United Kingdom, Royal Noble Consort Huibin Jang, Royal Noble Consort Sukbin Choe, Royal Noble Consort Uibin Seong, Royal Noble Consort Yeongbin Yi, Royal tours of Canada, Royal Victorian Order, Ruth Roche, Baroness Fermoy, Sanggung, Sangmin, Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, Sarah Troughton, Saxe-Weimar, Second French Empire, Secretary, Sei Shōnagon, Sengoku period, Sisowath of Cambodia, Song dynasty, Sophia Razumovskaya, Sophie Caroline von Camas, Sophie Marie von Voß, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, Statsfru, Style (form of address), Styles and titles in Joseon, Sukjong of Joseon, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sumalagu, Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine, Takashina no Takako, Takasue's daughter, The Favourite, The Honourable, Treasurer, Tsarina, Ulrika Strömfelt, Uma no Naishi, Vibhavadi Rangsit, Virginia Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie, Wardrobe, Wei Tuan'er, Westernization, Wet nurse, White slavery, Wife, Woman of the Bedchamber, Wu Zetian, Yangban, Yolande de Polastron, Yoruba people, Zoste patrikia.

Lady-in-waiting, the Glossary

Table of Contents