Levant, the Glossary
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.[1]
Table of Contents
186 relations: Abrahamic religions, Africa, Alawites, Aleppo, Amik Valley, Amman, Anatolia, Ancient DNA, Ancient Near East, Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples, Anti-Lebanon mountains, Antioch, Antiochian Greek Christians, Arab citizens of Israel, Arabian Desert, Arabian Peninsula, Arabian Plate, Arabic, Arabs, Aramaic, Archaeology, Arish, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian language, Armenians, Assyrian Church of the East, Assyrian people, Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, BBC, Bedouin, Bedouin Arabic, Beirut, Boston College, Brill Publishers, Bronze Age, Capitulation (treaty), Catalan language, Catholic Church, Caucasus, Central Conference of American Rabbis, Chaldean Catholic Church, Chechens, Church of the East, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cilicia, Circassian languages, Circassians, Council for British Research in the Levant, Cypriot Arabic, Cyprus, ... Expand index (136 more) »
- Eastern Mediterranean
- Geography of Cyprus
- Geography of Hatay Province
- Geography of Israel
- Geography of Jordan
- Geography of Lebanon
- Geography of Syria
- Geography of the Middle East
- Geography of the State of Palestine
Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of three of the major religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) together due to their historical coexistence and competition; it refers to Abraham, a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the Christian Bible, and the Quran, and is used to show similarities between these religions and put them in contrast to Indian religions, Iranian religions, and the East Asian religions (though other religions and belief systems may refer to Abraham as well).
See Levant and Abrahamic religions
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
Alawites
The Alawites, also known as Nusayrites, are an Arab ethnoreligious group that live primarily in the Levant and follow Alawism, a religious sect that splintered from early Shi'ism as a ghulat branch during the ninth century.
Aleppo
Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.
Amik Valley
The Amik Valley (Amik Ovası; al-ʾAʿmāq) is a plain in Hatay Province, southern Turkey. Levant and Amik Valley are geography of Hatay Province.
Amman
Amman (ʿAmmān) is the capital and the largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center.
See Levant and Amman
Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory. Levant and Anatolia are geography of the Middle East and regions of Asia.
Ancient DNA
Ancient DNA (aDNA) is DNA isolated from ancient sources (typically specimens, but also environmental DNA).
Ancient Near East
The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, and northeastern Syria), ancient Egypt, ancient Persia (Elam, Media, Parthia, and Persis), Anatolia and the Armenian highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus) and the Arabian Peninsula.
See Levant and Ancient Near East
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples or Proto-Semitic people were speakers of Semitic languages who lived throughout the ancient Near East and North Africa, including the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Arabian Peninsula and Carthage from the 3rd millennium BC until the end of antiquity, with some, such as Arabs, Arameans, Assyrians, Jews, Mandaeans, and Samaritans having a continuum into the present day.
See Levant and Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Anti-Lebanon mountains
The Anti-Lebanon mountains (eastern mountains of Lebanon) are a southwest–northeast-trending, c. long mountain range that forms most of the border between Syria and Lebanon.
See Levant and Anti-Lebanon mountains
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiokʽ; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; אנטיוכיה, Anṭiyokhya; أنطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya. Levant and Antioch are geography of Hatay Province.
Antiochian Greek Christians
Antiochian Greek Christians (also known as Rūm) are an ethnoreligious Eastern Christian group native to the Levant.
See Levant and Antiochian Greek Christians
Arab citizens of Israel
The Arab citizens of Israel (Arab Israelis or Israeli Arabs) are the country's largest ethnic minority.
See Levant and Arab citizens of Israel
Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert (ٱلصَّحْرَاء ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة) is a vast desert wilderness in West Asia that occupies almost the entire Arabian Peninsula with an area of. Levant and Arabian Desert are geography of the Middle East.
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate. Levant and Arabian Peninsula are geography of the Middle East.
See Levant and Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Plate
The Arabian Plate is a minor tectonic plate in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
See Levant and Arabs
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
Arish
ʻArish or el-ʻArīsh (العريش) is the capital and largest city (with 164,830 inhabitants) of the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt, as well as the largest city on the Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast northeast of Cairo and west of the Egypt–Gaza border.
See Levant and Arish
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.
See Levant and Armenian Apostolic Church
Armenian language
Armenian (endonym) is an Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family.
See Levant and Armenian language
Armenians
Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.
Assyrian Church of the East
The Assyrian Church of the East (ACOE), sometimes called the Church of the East and officially known as the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East (HACACE), is an Eastern Christian church that follows the traditional Christology and ecclesiology of the historical Church of the East.
See Levant and Assyrian Church of the East
Assyrian people
Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia.
See Levant and Assyrian people
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), also known as Rojava, is a de facto autonomous region in northeastern Syria.
See Levant and Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Levant and BBC
Bedouin
The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (singular) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq).
Bedouin Arabic
Bedouin Arabic refers to a typological group of Arabic dialects historically linked to Bedouin tribes, that has spread among both nomadic and sedentary groups across the Arab World.
Beirut
Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
Boston College
Boston College (BC) is a private Jesuit research university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Levant and Brill Publishers
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Capitulation (treaty)
A capitulation is a treaty or unilateral contract by which a sovereign state relinquishes jurisdiction within its borders over the subjects of a foreign state.
See Levant and Capitulation (treaty)
Catalan language
Catalan (or; autonym: català), known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language.
See Levant and Catalan language
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Levant and Catholic Church
Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. Levant and Caucasus are regions of Asia.
Central Conference of American Rabbis
The Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the principal organization of Reform rabbis in the United States and Canada.
See Levant and Central Conference of American Rabbis
Chaldean Catholic Church
The Chaldean Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic particular church (sui iuris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church, and is headed by the Chaldean Patriarchate.
See Levant and Chaldean Catholic Church
Chechens
The Chechens (Нохчий,, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus.
Church of the East
The Church of the East (''ʿĒḏtā d-Maḏenḥā''.) or the East Syriac Church, also called the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the Persian Church, the Assyrian Church, the Babylonian Church or the Nestorian Church, is one of three major branches of Nicene Eastern Christianity that arose from the Christological controversies of the 5th and 6th centuries, alongside the Miaphisite churches (which came to be known as the Oriental Orthodox Churches) and the Chalcedonian Church (whose Eastern branch would later become the Eastern Orthodox Church).
See Levant and Church of the East
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, also known as the Church of the Resurrection, is a fourth-century church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
See Levant and Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Cilicia
Cilicia is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Levant and Cilicia are regions of Asia.
Circassian languages
Circassian, also known as Cherkess, is a subdivision of the Northwest Caucasian language family, spoken by the Circassian people.
See Levant and Circassian languages
Circassians
The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe and Adygekher) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus.
Council for British Research in the Levant
The Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL) is a non-profit organisation that promotes humanities and social science research in the Levant.
See Levant and Council for British Research in the Levant
Cypriot Arabic
Cypriot Arabic (العربية القبرصية), also known as Cypriot Maronite Arabic or Sanna is a moribund variety of Arabic spoken by the Maronite community of Cyprus.
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Levant and Cyprus are eastern Mediterranean.
Cyrenaica
Cyrenaica or Kyrenaika (Barqah, Kurēnaïkḗ, after the city of Cyrene), is the eastern region of Libya.
Damascus
Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.
Domari language
Domari is an endangered Indo-Aryan language, spoken by Dom people scattered across the Middle East and North Africa.
See Levant and Domari language
Druze
The Druze (دَرْزِيّ, or دُرْزِيّ, rtl), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul.
See Levant and Druze
East
East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass.
See Levant and East
Eastern Catholic Churches
The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches, are 23 Eastern Christian autonomous (sui iuris) particular churches of the Catholic Church, in full communion with the Pope in Rome.
See Levant and Eastern Catholic Churches
Eastern European Time
Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.
See Levant and Eastern European Time
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea, often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea. Levant and eastern Mediterranean are geography of the Middle East.
See Levant and Eastern Mediterranean
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. Levant and Egypt are eastern Mediterranean.
See Levant and Egypt
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Levant and English language
Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world.
Euphrates
The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
Eurasia
Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Far East
The Far East is the geographical region that encompasses the easternmost portion of the Asian continent, including East, North, and Southeast Asia. Levant and Far East are regions of Asia.
Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran. Levant and Fertile Crescent are eastern Mediterranean.
See Levant and Fertile Crescent
French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
See Levant and French language
French post offices in the Ottoman Empire
The French post offices in the Ottoman Empire were post offices in various cities of the Ottoman Empire run by France between 1812 and 1923.
See Levant and French post offices in the Ottoman Empire
Genoa
Genoa (Genova,; Zêna) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy.
See Levant and Genoa
Geology
Geology is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa.
See Levant and Germanic languages
Greece
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch
The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (Ελληνορθόδοξο Πατριαρχείο Αντιοχείας), also known as the Antiochian Orthodox Church and legally as the '''Rūm''' Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East (lit), is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity that originates from the historical Church of Antioch.
See Levant and Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch
Hanafi school
The Hanafi school or Hanafism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Hanbali school
The Hanbali school or Hanbalism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Hatay Province
Hatay Province (Hatay ili,, translit) is the southernmost province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey. Levant and Hatay Province are eastern Mediterranean.
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
See Levant and Hebrew language
Hejazi Arabic
Hejazi Arabic or Hijazi Arabic (HA) (ḥijāzī), also known as West Arabian Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Hejaz region in Saudi Arabia.
Historical geography
Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time.
See Levant and Historical geography
History of the ancient Levant
The Levant is the area in Southwest Asia, south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the west, the Arabian Desert in the south, and Mesopotamia in the east.
See Levant and History of the ancient Levant
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language of the proposed Ugric branch spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries.
See Levant and Hungarian language
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
See Levant and Iraq
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See Levant and Islam
Islamic State
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state.
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia. Levant and Israel are eastern Mediterranean.
Italian Riviera
The Italian Riviera or Ligurian Riviera (Riviera ligure; Rivêa lìgure) is the narrow coastal strip in Italy which lies between the Ligurian Sea and the mountain chain formed by the Maritime Alps and the Apennines.
See Levant and Italian Riviera
Jebel Bishri
Jebel Bishri or Mount Bishri (جبل البِشْرِي Jabal al-Bišrī, in Akkadian: ba-sa-ar or bi-si-ir,Cinzia Pappi (2006). "". Kaskal, Volume 3. p. 241– in Amorite: Biśri) is a highland region in northeastern Syria.
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
See Levant and Jews
Jordan
Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.
Kurdish language
Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria.
See Levant and Kurdish language
Kurds
Kurds or Kurdish people (rtl, Kurd) are an Iranic ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.
See Levant and Kurds
Land bridge
In biogeography, a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands.
Languages of Cyprus
The official languages of the Republic of Cyprus are Greek and Turkish.
See Levant and Languages of Cyprus
Languages of Israel
The Israeli population is linguistically and culturally diverse.
See Levant and Languages of Israel
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Levant and Latin
Latin Church
The Latin Church (Ecclesia Latina) is the largest autonomous (sui iuris) particular church within the Catholic Church, whose members constitute the vast majority of the 1.3 billion Catholics.
Latin Church in the Middle East
The Latin Church of the Catholic Church has several dispersed populations of members in the Middle East, notably in Turkey, Cyprus and the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan).
See Levant and Latin Church in the Middle East
Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), communally and historically known as matāwila (متاولة, plural of متوال mutawālin; pronounced as متوالي metouali or matawali in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects.
See Levant and Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanon
Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Levant and Lebanon are eastern Mediterranean.
Levant Company
The Levant Company was an English chartered company formed in 1592.
Levante, Spain
The Levante (Catalan: Llevant; "Levant, East") is a name used to refer to the eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Spanish Mediterranean coast.
Levantine Arabic
Levantine Arabic, also called Shami (autonym: or اللهجة الشامية), is an Arabic variety spoken in the Levant, namely in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel and southern Turkey (historically only in Adana, Mersin and Hatay provinces).
See Levant and Levantine Arabic
Levantine archaeology
Levantine archaeology is the archaeological study of the Levant.
See Levant and Levantine archaeology
Levantine cuisine
Levantine cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Levant, in the sense of the rough area of former Ottoman Syria.
See Levant and Levantine cuisine
Levantine Sea
The Levantine Sea (baḥr as-Shām, or labels; Levanten Denizi, or Levant Denizi; Thálassa tou Levánte; ha-Yam ha-Levantíni) is the easternmost part of the Mediterranean Sea.
Libya
Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Levant and Libya are eastern Mediterranean.
See Levant and Libya
List of islands of Greece
Greece has many islands, with estimates ranging from somewhere around 1,200 to 6,000, depending on the minimum size to take into account.
See Levant and List of islands of Greece
List of largest cities in the Levant region by population
This is a list of cities in the Levant with a population of 500,000 or more.
See Levant and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population
List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.
See Levant and List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Litani River
The Litani River (Nahr al-Līṭānī), the classical Leontes (lion river), is an important water resource in southern Lebanon.
Madhhab
A madhhab (way to act,, pl. label) refers to any school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence.
Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; al-intidāb al-faransīalā sūriyā wa-lubnān, also referred to as the Levant States; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria and Lebanon.
See Levant and Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Maronite Church
The Maronite Church (لكنيسة المارونية; ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܪܘܢܝܬܐ) is an Eastern Catholic sui iuris particular church in full communion with the pope and the worldwide Catholic Church, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.
See Levant and Maronite Church
Mashriq
The Mashriq (lit), also known as the Arab Mashriq (اَلْمَشْرِقُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the Arab world, as opposed to the Maghreb (western) region, and located in Western Asia and eastern North Africa. Levant and Mashriq are eastern Mediterranean, geography of the Middle East and regions of Asia.
Mediterranean Basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin, also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation. Levant and Mediterranean Basin are geography of the Middle East.
See Levant and Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Levant and Mediterranean Sea
Melkite Greek Catholic Church
The Melkite Greek Catholic Church, or Melkite Byzantine Catholic Church, is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the Holy See as part of the worldwide Catholic Church.
See Levant and Melkite Greek Catholic Church
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Levant and Mesopotamia are geography of Syria, geography of the Middle East and regions of Asia.
Mesopotamian Arabic
Mesopotamian Arabic (لهجة بلاد ما بين النهرين), also known as Iraqi Arabic (اللهجة العراقية), is a group of varieties of Arabic spoken in the Mesopotamian basin of Iraq, as well as in Syria, southeastern Turkey, Iran, Kuwait and Iraqi diaspora communities.
See Levant and Mesopotamian Arabic
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. Levant and Middle East are regions of Asia.
Mizrah
Mizrah (also spelled Mizrach, Mizrakh) (mizrákh, mizrāḥ) is the "east" and the direction that Jews in the Diaspora west of Israel face during prayer.
Mount Hermon
Mount Hermon (جبل الشيخ or جبل حرمون / ALA-LC: Jabal al-Shaykh ('Mountain of the Sheikh') or Jabal Haramun; הַר חֶרְמוֹן, Har Ḥermōn) is a mountain cluster constituting the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range.
Muslim conquest of the Levant
The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Fatḥ al-šām; lit. "Conquest of Syria"), or Arab conquest of Syria, was a 634–638 CE invasion of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate.
See Levant and Muslim conquest of the Levant
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Names of the Islamic State
The name of the Islamic State has been contentious since 2013.
See Levant and Names of the Islamic State
Nawar people
Al-Nawar (نور) is an Arabic term for several nomad communities used primarily in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine.
Nazih Ayubi
Nazih Al-Ayubi (1944 in Cairo – 1995), is an Egyptian writer who had obtained a BSc (1964) and MSc (1968) in Political Science from Cairo University, PhD in political science from the University of Oxford in England.
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt. Levant and Near East are eastern Mediterranean, geography of the Middle East and regions of Asia.
Neo-Aramaic languages
The Neo-Aramaic or Modern Aramaic languages are varieties of Aramaic that evolved during the late medieval and early modern periods, and continue to the present day as vernacular (spoken) languages of modern Aramaic-speaking communities.
See Levant and Neo-Aramaic languages
Nizari Isma'ilism
Nizari Isma'ilism (translit) are the largest segment of the Ismaili Muslims, who are the second-largest branch of Shia Islam after the Twelvers.
See Levant and Nizari Isma'ilism
North Levantine Arabic
North Levantine Arabic (al-lahja š-šāmiyya š-šamāliyya, North Levantine) was defined in the ISO 639-3 international standard for language codes as a distinct Arabic variety, under the apc code.
See Levant and North Levantine Arabic
Northeast Africa
Northeast Africa, or Northeastern Africa, or Northern East Africa as it was known in the past, is a geographic regional term used to refer to the countries of Africa situated in and around the Red Sea.
See Levant and Northeast Africa
Northern Levant
The Northern Levant is a region in the Eastern Mediterranean, part of the wider region of the Levant, going south as far as the Litani River.
See Levant and Northern Levant
Northwest Arabian Arabic
Northwest Arabian Arabic (also called Levantine Bedawi Arabic or Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic) is a proposed subfamily of Arabic encompassing the traditional Bedouin dialects of the Sinai Peninsula, the Negev, Gaza Strip, southern Jordan, and the northwestern corner of Saudi Arabia.
See Levant and Northwest Arabian Arabic
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Palestinian territories
The Palestinian territories, also known as the Occupied Palestinian Territory, consist of the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip—two regions of the former British Mandate for Palestine that have been occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967.
See Levant and Palestinian territories
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.
See Levant and Republic of Venice
Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
See Levant and Russian language
Samaritans
The Samaritans (שומרונים; السامريون), often prefering to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East.
Sayyida Zaynab Mosque, Syria
The Sayyida Zaynab Mosque (Masjid as-Sayyidah Zaynab) is a mosque located in Sayyidah Zaynab near the capital city of Damascus, Syria.
See Levant and Sayyida Zaynab Mosque, Syria
Shafi'i school
The Shafi'i school or Shafi'ism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai (سِينَاء; سينا; Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.
See Levant and Sinai Peninsula
South Levantine Arabic
South Levantine Arabic (al-lahja š-šāmiyya l-janūbiyya, South Levantine) was defined in the ISO 639-3 international standard for language codes as a distinct Arabic variety, under the ajp code.
See Levant and South Levantine Arabic
Southern Levant
The Southern Levant is a geographical region encompassing the southern half of the Levant.
See Levant and Southern Levant
Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Levant and Spanish language
State of Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in the southern Levant region of West Asia, encompassing the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the larger historic Palestine region. Levant and State of Palestine are eastern Mediterranean.
See Levant and State of Palestine
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. Levant and Syria are eastern Mediterranean.
See Levant and Syria
Syria (region)
Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: Sura/i; Συρία; ܣܘܪܝܐ) or Sham (Ash-Shām) is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. Levant and Syria (region) are geography of Jordan, geography of Syria and geography of the Middle East.
Syriac Catholic Church
The Syriac Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic Christian jurisdiction originating in the Levant that uses the West Syriac Rite liturgy and has many practices and rites in common with the Syriac Orthodox Church.
See Levant and Syriac Catholic Church
Syriac Orthodox Church
The Syriac Orthodox Church (ʿIdto Sūryoyto Trīṣath Shubḥo); also known as West Syriac Church or West Syrian Church, officially known as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, and informally as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox church that branched from the Church of Antioch.
See Levant and Syriac Orthodox Church
Syrian Desert
The Syrian Desert (بادية الشامBādiyat Ash-Shām), also known as the North Arabian Desert, the Jordanian steppe, or the Badiya, is a region of desert, semi-desert, and steppe, covering approx. Levant and Syrian Desert are eastern Mediterranean.
Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar, Greek: Ταύρος) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau.
See Levant and Taurus Mountains
Tectonics
Tectonics are the processes that result in the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time.
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo (translit,; translit), usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel.
Temple Mount
The Temple Mount (lit), also known as Haram al-Sharif (Arabic: الحرمالشريف, lit. 'The Noble Sanctuary'), al-Aqsa Mosque compound, or simply al-Aqsa (المسجد الأقصى, al-Masjid al-Aqṣā, lit. 'The Furthest Mosque'),* Where Heaven and Earth Meet, p. 13: "Nowadays, while oral usage of the term Haram persists, Palestinians tend to use in formal texts the name Masjid al-Aqsa, habitually rendered into English as 'the Aqsa Mosque'.".
The Crown
The Crown broadly represents the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their subdivisions (such as the Crown Dependencies, overseas territories, provinces, or states).
Time in Turkey
In Turkey, time is given by UTC+03:00 year-round.
Transjordan (region)
Transjordan, the East Bank, or the Transjordanian Highlands (شرق الأردن), is the part of the Southern Levant east of the Jordan River, mostly contained in present-day Jordan. Levant and Transjordan (region) are geography of Jordan and geography of the Middle East.
See Levant and Transjordan (region)
Travel literature
The genre of travel literature or travelogue encompasses outdoor literature, guide books, nature writing, and travel memoirs.
See Levant and Travel literature
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. Levant and Turkey are eastern Mediterranean.
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See Levant and Turkish language
Turkmens
Turkmens (Türkmenler, italic,,; historically "the Turkmen") are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-western Afghanistan.
University College London
University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.
See Levant and University College London
University of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States.
See Levant and University of California, Los Angeles
Upper Mesopotamia
Upper Mesopotamia constitutes the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East. Levant and Upper Mesopotamia are geography of Syria.
See Levant and Upper Mesopotamia
UTC+02:00
UTC+02:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +02:00.
UTC+03:00
UTC+03:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:00.
Van Leer Jerusalem Institute
The Van Leer Jerusalem Institute (VLJI) is a center for the interdisciplinary study and discussion of issues related to philosophy, society, culture, and education.
See Levant and Van Leer Jerusalem Institute
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia. Levant and west Asia are regions of Asia.
Western Neo-Aramaic
Western Neo-Aramaic (ܐܰܪܳܡܰܝ, arōmay.), more commonly referred to as Siryon (ܣܪܝܘܢ, siryōn, "Syriac"), is a modern variety of the Western Aramaic branch consisting of three closely related dialects.
See Levant and Western Neo-Aramaic
Western Wall
The Western Wall (the western wall, often shortened to the Kotel or Kosel), known in the West as the Wailing Wall, and in Islam as the Buraq Wall (Arabic: حَائِط ٱلْبُرَاق, Ḥā'iṭ al-Burāq), is a portion of ancient limestone wall in the Old City of Jerusalem that forms part of the larger retaining wall of the hill known to Jews and Christians as the Temple Mount.
Wildlife of the Levant
Wildlife in the Levant encompasses all types of wild plants and animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fresh and saltwater fish, and invertebrates, that inhabit the region historically known as the Levant, Shaam, or Greater Syria. This is the region that today includes the following countries: Jordan, Palestine, Syria (including the Sanjak of Alexandretta), Lebanon, and a section of southeastern Turkey, known as the Northern Syrian provinces, to which some add Cyprus and part of the Sinai.
See Levant and Wildlife of the Levant
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
Yazidis
Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (translit), are a Kurdish-speaking endogamous religious group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran.
13th century
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCI) through December 31, 1300 (MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar.
1497
Year 1497 (MCDXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
See Levant and 1497
14th century
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD).
15th century
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian calendar dates from 1 January 1401 (represented by the Roman numerals MCDI) to 31 December 1500 (MD).
See also
Eastern Mediterranean
- 2002 Eastern Mediterranean event
- Assyria
- Assyrian homeland
- Buddhism and the Roman world
- Cyprus
- EMME
- East Mediterranean Gas Forum
- Eastern Mediterranean
- Eastern Mediterranean Activities Conference
- Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
- Eastern Mediterranean Optical System 1
- Eastern Mediterranean University
- Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
- Egypt
- Fertile Crescent
- Fleet coinage (Mark Antony)
- Hatay Province
- Iraqi Kurdistan
- Israel
- Khabur (Euphrates)
- Lebanon
- Levant
- Libya
- Mashriq
- McGhee Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies
- Mediterranean–Dead Sea Canal
- Near East
- Nile Delta
- Northern Cyprus
- Salvia fruticosa
- Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
- State of Palestine
- Syria
- Syrian Desert
- Syrian Kurdistan
- Turkey
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
- Wild edible plants of Israel and Palestine
Geography of Cyprus
- Adonis Baths
- Agios Georgios (refugee settlement)
- Agios Georgios Lefkas
- Akrotiri and Dhekelia
- Borders of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
- Climate of Cyprus
- Extreme points of Cyprus
- Extreme points of Northern Cyprus
- Geography of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
- Geography of Cyprus
- Geography of Northern Cyprus
- Geology of Cyprus
- Karpasia (town)
- Laiki Geitonia
- Levant
- Mnemata
- Northern Cyprus
- Palaichori
- Pentaskhinos
- Pitsilia
- Potima
- Strovolos River Trail
- Subdivisions of Cyprus
- Time in Cyprus
Geography of Hatay Province
- Alalakh
- Amik Valley
- Antigonia (Syria)
- Antioch
- Levant
- List of municipalities in Hatay Province
- Myriandus
- Seleucia Pieria
Geography of Israel
- Achziv Islands
- Auja al-Hafir
- Bat Galim
- Bethmaus
- Biblical geography
- Borders of Israel
- Cartography of Israel
- Garis (Galilee)
- Geography of Israel
- Geology of Israel
- Government Naming Committee
- Haifa Wadis Trail
- Hebraization of Palestinian place names
- Israel National Trail
- Israeli Cassini Soldner
- Israeli Transverse Mercator
- Jamnith
- Jordan River
- Kefar Shihlayim
- Ladder of Tyre
- Land of Israel
- Levant
- List of extreme points of Israel
- Manasseh Hills
- Maps of Israel
- Margaliot
- Mount Amana
- Mount Hor
- Nahal Sorek
- Onomasticon (Eusebius)
- Palestine (region)
- Samaria
- Sea to Sea Hiking Trail
- Subdivisions of Israel
- Survey of Israel
- Tarichaea
- Tel Qana
- Time in Israel
- West Bank
Geography of Jordan
- Al-Maghtas
- Borders of Jordan
- Ecoregions of Jordan
- Esthaol (Bible)
- Geography of Amman
- Geography of Jordan
- Geology of Jordan
- Gergesa
- Jabal al-Luweibdeh
- Kamon (Bible)
- King Talal Dam
- Land of Israel
- Levant
- List of extreme points of Jordan
- Midian
- Naharayim
- Palestine (region)
- Protected areas of Jordan
- Subdivisions of Jordan
- Syria (region)
- Time in Jordan
- Transjordan (region)
Geography of Lebanon
- Baraachit
- Belad Bechara
- Canalizations of Zenobia
- Dinniyeh
- Faqra
- Geography of Beirut
- Geography of Lebanon
- Geology of Lebanon
- Jordan River
- Kafra, Lebanon
- Khallet-el-Khazen
- Kisrawan
- Ladder of Tyre
- Laqlouq
- Levant
- List of mountains in Lebanon
- List of rivers of Lebanon
- Margaliot
- Mount Amana
- Mzaar Kfardebian
- Outline of Lebanon
- Protected areas of Lebanon
- Ras al-Ain, Lebanon
- Safad El Battikh
- Shebaa Farms
- Southern Lebanon
- Subdivisions of Lebanon
- Time in Lebanon
- Zaarour
Geography of Syria
- Armenian Highlands
- Assyrian homeland
- Batanaea
- Bayırbucak
- Ecoregions of Syria
- Forests of Syria
- Geography of Damascus
- Geography of Syria
- Geology of Syria
- Jordan River
- Ksegbe
- Lajat
- Land of Israel
- Levant
- Limestone Massif
- Mesopotamia
- Shebaa Farms
- Subdivisions of Syria
- Syria (region)
- Syrian Kurdistan
- Tall Sulaymānī
- Tel Faher
- Time in Syria
- Upper Mesopotamia
- Via Maris
Geography of the Middle East
- Anatolia
- Arabian Desert
- Arabian Peninsula
- Assyrian homeland
- Banias River
- Bilad al-Sham
- East Thrace
- Eastern Mediterranean
- Emutbal
- Galatia
- Geography of Kurdistan
- Geography of Mesopotamia
- Golan Heights
- Greater Middle East
- Greater Yemen
- Greek East and Latin West
- Iranian Plateau
- Klarjeti
- Kurdistan
- Land of Israel
- Levant
- Lower Mesopotamia
- Mashriq
- Mediterranean
- Mediterranean Basin
- Mesopotamia
- Near East
- Persian Gulf
- Red Sea
- South Arabia
- Syria (region)
- Tao (historical region)
- Transjordan (region)
Geography of the State of Palestine
- Geography of the Gaza Strip
- Geography of the State of Palestine
- Geography of the West Bank
- Geology of the State of Palestine
- Jordan River
- Judea
- Land of Israel
- Levant
- Palestine (region)
- Samaria
- Subdivisions of the State of Palestine
- Time in the State of Palestine
- Village council (State of Palestine)
- Wadi Natuf
- West Bank areas in the Oslo II Accord
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant
Also known as Demographics of the Levant, Iraq and the Levant, Languages of the Levant, Levante Countries, Levantine people, Levantines, Syria-Palestine, Syro-Palestine, The Levant, Western Mesopotamia.
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