en.unionpedia.org

Level of measurement, the Glossary

Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables.^[1]

99 relations: Affine space, Aggregate data, American Psychologist, Analytic hierarchy process, Angle, Arithmetic mean, Behavioural sciences, British Science Association, Celsius, Central tendency, Classification, Coefficient of variation, Cognition, Cohen's kappa, Coherence (units of measurement), Colorimetry, Concatenation, Constructivism (philosophy of science), Dempster–Shafer theory, Dependent and independent variables, Deviation (statistics), Dichotomy, Division (mathematics), Electric charge, Element (mathematics), Energy, Equality (mathematics), Frederick Mosteller, Fuzzy set, Geometric mean, Georg Rasch, Grammar, Harmonic mean, Hume's principle, Inter-rater reliability, Interquartile range, Interrupt, IQ classification, John Tukey, Kelvin, Law of comparative judgment, Length, Logarithmic scale, Louis Leon Thurstone, Mass, Measurement, Median, Mode (statistics), Moment (mathematics), Nobel Prize, ... Expand index (49 more) »
Statistical data types

Affine space

In mathematics, an affine space is a geometric structure that generalizes some of the properties of Euclidean spaces in such a way that these are independent of the concepts of distance and measure of angles, keeping only the properties related to parallelism and ratio of lengths for parallel line segments.

See Level of measurement and Affine space

Aggregate data

Aggregate data is high-level data which is acquired by combining individual-level data. Level of measurement and Aggregate data are statistical data types.

See Level of measurement and Aggregate data

American Psychologist

American Psychologist is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association.

See Level of measurement and American Psychologist

Analytic hierarchy process

In the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology.

See Level of measurement and Analytic hierarchy process

Angle

In Euclidean geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.

See Level of measurement and Angle

Arithmetic mean

In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean, arithmetic average, or just the mean or average (when the context is clear) is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the count of numbers in the collection.

See Level of measurement and Arithmetic mean

Behavioural sciences

Behavioural sciences is a branch of science that explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions that occur between organisms in the natural world. Level of measurement and behavioural sciences are cognitive science.

See Level of measurement and Behavioural sciences

British Science Association

The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science.

See Level of measurement and British Science Association

Celsius

The degree Celsius is the unit of temperature on the Celsius temperature scale "Celsius temperature scale, also called centigrade temperature scale, scale based on 0 ° for the melting point of water and 100 ° for the boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure." (originally known as the centigrade scale outside Sweden), one of two temperature scales used in the International System of Units (SI), the other being the closely related Kelvin scale.

See Level of measurement and Celsius

Central tendency

In statistics, a central tendency (or measure of central tendency) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.

See Level of measurement and Central tendency

Classification

Classification is usually understood to mean the allocation of objects to certain pre-existing classes or categories.

See Level of measurement and Classification

Coefficient of variation

In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), percent RMS, and relative standard deviation (RSD), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution.

See Level of measurement and Coefficient of variation

Cognition

Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". Level of measurement and Cognition are cognitive science.

See Level of measurement and Cognition

Cohen's kappa

Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ, lowercase Greek kappa) is a statistic that is used to measure inter-rater reliability (and also intra-rater reliability) for qualitative (categorical) items.

See Level of measurement and Cohen's kappa

Coherence (units of measurement)

A coherent system of units is a system of units of measurement used to express physical quantities that are defined in such a way that the equations relating the numerical values expressed in the units of the system have exactly the same form, including numerical factors, as the corresponding equations directly relating the quantities.

See Level of measurement and Coherence (units of measurement)

Colorimetry

Colorimetry is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the human color perception". Level of measurement and Colorimetry are measurement.

See Level of measurement and Colorimetry

Concatenation

In formal language theory and computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining character strings end-to-end.

See Level of measurement and Concatenation

Constructivism (philosophy of science)

Constructivism is a view in the philosophy of science that maintains that scientific knowledge is constructed by the scientific community, which seeks to measure and construct models of the natural world.

See Level of measurement and Constructivism (philosophy of science)

Dempster–Shafer theory

The theory of belief functions, also referred to as evidence theory or Dempster–Shafer theory (DST), is a general framework for reasoning with uncertainty, with understood connections to other frameworks such as probability, possibility and imprecise probability theories.

See Level of measurement and Dempster–Shafer theory

Dependent and independent variables

A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable.

See Level of measurement and Dependent and independent variables

Deviation (statistics)

In mathematics and statistics, deviation serves as a measure to quantify the disparity between an observed value of a variable and another designated value, frequently the mean of that variable.

See Level of measurement and Deviation (statistics)

Dichotomy

A dichotomy is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets).

See Level of measurement and Dichotomy

Division (mathematics)

Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic.

See Level of measurement and Division (mathematics)

Electric charge

Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

See Level of measurement and Electric charge

Element (mathematics)

In mathematics, an element (or member) of a set is any one of the distinct objects that belong to that set.

See Level of measurement and Element (mathematics)

Energy

Energy is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light.

See Level of measurement and Energy

Equality (mathematics)

In mathematics, equality is a relationship between two quantities or, more generally, two mathematical expressions, asserting that the quantities have the same value, or that the expressions represent the same mathematical object.

See Level of measurement and Equality (mathematics)

Frederick Mosteller

Charles Frederick Mosteller (December 24, 1916 – July 23, 2006) was an American mathematician, considered one of the most eminent statisticians of the 20th century.

See Level of measurement and Frederick Mosteller

Fuzzy set

In mathematics, fuzzy sets (also known as uncertain sets) are sets whose elements have degrees of membership.

See Level of measurement and Fuzzy set

Geometric mean

In mathematics, the geometric mean is a mean or average which indicates a central tendency of a finite set of real numbers by using the product of their values (as opposed to the arithmetic mean which uses their sum).

See Level of measurement and Geometric mean

Georg Rasch

Georg William Rasch (21 September 1901 – 19 October 1980) was a Danish mathematician, statistician, and psychometrician, most famous for the development of a class of measurement models known as Rasch models.

See Level of measurement and Georg Rasch

Grammar

In linguistics, a grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers.

See Level of measurement and Grammar

Harmonic mean

In mathematics, the harmonic mean is one of several kinds of average, and in particular, one of the Pythagorean means.

See Level of measurement and Harmonic mean

Hume's principle

Hume's principle or HP says that the number of Fs is equal to the number of Gs if and only if there is a one-to-one correspondence (a bijection) between the Fs and the Gs.

See Level of measurement and Hume's principle

Inter-rater reliability

In statistics, inter-rater reliability (also called by various similar names, such as inter-rater agreement, inter-rater concordance, inter-observer reliability, inter-coder reliability, and so on) is the degree of agreement among independent observers who rate, code, or assess the same phenomenon. Level of measurement and inter-rater reliability are statistical data types.

See Level of measurement and Inter-rater reliability

Interquartile range

In descriptive statistics, the interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which is the spread of the data.

See Level of measurement and Interquartile range

Interrupt

In digital computers, an interrupt (sometimes referred to as a trap) is a request for the processor to interrupt currently executing code (when permitted), so that the event can be processed in a timely manner.

See Level of measurement and Interrupt

IQ classification

IQ classification is the practice of categorizing human intelligence, as measured by intelligence quotient (IQ) tests, into categories such as "superior" or "average".

See Level of measurement and IQ classification

John Tukey

John Wilder Tukey (June 16, 1915 – July 26, 2000) was an American mathematician and statistician, best known for the development of the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and box plot.

See Level of measurement and John Tukey

Kelvin

The kelvin, symbol K, is the base unit of measurement for temperature in the International System of Units (SI).

See Level of measurement and Kelvin

Law of comparative judgment

The law of comparative judgment was conceived by L. L. Thurstone.

See Level of measurement and Law of comparative judgment

Length

Length is a measure of distance.

See Level of measurement and Length

Logarithmic scale

A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a method used to display numerical data that spans a broad range of values, especially when there are significant differences between the magnitudes of the numbers involved.

See Level of measurement and Logarithmic scale

Louis Leon Thurstone

Louis Leon Thurstone (29 May 1887 – 29 September 1955) was an American pioneer in the fields of psychometrics and psychophysics.

See Level of measurement and Louis Leon Thurstone

Mass

Mass is an intrinsic property of a body.

See Level of measurement and Mass

Measurement

Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events.

See Level of measurement and Measurement

The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution.

See Level of measurement and Median

Mode (statistics)

In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values.

See Level of measurement and Mode (statistics)

Moment (mathematics)

In mathematics, the moments of a function are certain quantitative measures related to the shape of the function's graph.

See Level of measurement and Moment (mathematics)

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died.

See Level of measurement and Nobel Prize

Norman Cliff

Norman Cliff (born September 1, 1930) is an American psychologist.

See Level of measurement and Norman Cliff

Norman Robert Campbell

Norman Robert Campbell (1880–1949) was an English physicist and philosopher of science.

See Level of measurement and Norman Robert Campbell

Operation (mathematics)

In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (also called "operands" or "arguments") to a well-defined output value.

See Level of measurement and Operation (mathematics)

Operationalization

In research design, especially in psychology, social sciences, life sciences and physics, operationalization or operationalisation is a process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon which is not directly measurable, though its existence is inferred from other phenomena. Level of measurement and operationalization are scientific method.

See Level of measurement and Operationalization

Opinion

An opinion is a judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive, rather than facts, which are true statements.

See Level of measurement and Opinion

Order of magnitude

An order of magnitude is an approximation of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value, usually 10, interpreted as the base of the logarithm and the representative of values of magnitude one.

See Level of measurement and Order of magnitude

Orders of magnitude (temperature)

Most ordinary human activity takes place at temperatures of this order of magnitude.

See Level of measurement and Orders of magnitude (temperature)

Origin (mathematics)

In mathematics, the origin of a Euclidean space is a special point, usually denoted by the letter O, used as a fixed point of reference for the geometry of the surrounding space.

See Level of measurement and Origin (mathematics)

Otto Hölder

Ludwig Otto Hölder (December 22, 1859 – August 29, 1937) was a German mathematician born in Stuttgart.

See Level of measurement and Otto Hölder

Part of speech

In grammar, a part of speech or part-of-speech (abbreviated as POS or PoS, also known as word class or grammatical category) is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items) that have similar grammatical properties.

See Level of measurement and Part of speech

Percy Williams Bridgman

Percy Williams Bridgman (April 21, 1882 – August 20, 1961) was an American physicist who received the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures.

See Level of measurement and Percy Williams Bridgman

Power projection

Power projection (or force projection or strength projection) in international relations is the capacity of a state to deploy and sustain forces outside its territory.

See Level of measurement and Power projection

Prima facie

Prima facie is a Latin expression meaning "at first sight", or "based on first impression".

See Level of measurement and Prima facie

Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

See Level of measurement and Psychology

Psychometrics

Psychometrics is a field of study within psychology concerned with the theory and technique of measurement.

See Level of measurement and Psychometrics

Qualitative property

Qualitative properties are properties that are observed and can generally not be measured with a numerical result. Level of measurement and Qualitative property are measurement.

See Level of measurement and Qualitative property

Qualitative variation

An index of qualitative variation (IQV) is a measure of statistical dispersion in nominal distributions.

See Level of measurement and Qualitative variation

Quantitative research

Quantitative research is a research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data. Level of measurement and Quantitative research are measurement.

See Level of measurement and Quantitative research

Questionnaire

A questionnaire is a research instrument that consists of a set of questions (or other types of prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from respondents through survey or statistical study.

See Level of measurement and Questionnaire

R. Duncan Luce

Robert Duncan Luce (May 16, 1925 – August 11, 2012) was an American mathematician and social scientist, and one of the most preeminent figures in the field of mathematical psychology.

See Level of measurement and R. Duncan Luce

Ramsey–Lewis method

The Ramsey–Lewis method is a method for defining terms found in theoretical frameworks (such as in scientific theories), credited to mathematician Frank P. Ramsey and philosopher David K. Lewis.

See Level of measurement and Ramsey–Lewis method

Range (statistics)

In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data.

See Level of measurement and Range (statistics)

Ranking

A ranking is a relationship between a set of items, often recorded in a list, such that, for any two items, the first is either "ranked higher than", "ranked lower than", or "ranked equal to" the second.

See Level of measurement and Ranking

Rasch model

The Rasch model, named after Georg Rasch, is a psychometric model for analyzing categorical data, such as answers to questions on a reading assessment or questionnaire responses, as a function of the trade-off between the respondent's abilities, attitudes, or personality traits, and the item difficulty.

See Level of measurement and Rasch model

Ratio

In mathematics, a ratio shows how many times one number contains another.

See Level of measurement and Ratio

Scale of temperature

Scale of temperature is a methodology of calibrating the physical quantity temperature in metrology.

See Level of measurement and Scale of temperature

Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

See Level of measurement and Science (journal)

Set theory

Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects.

See Level of measurement and Set theory

Software engineering

Software engineering is an engineering approach to software development.

See Level of measurement and Software engineering

Sone

The sone is a unit of loudness, the subjective perception of sound pressure.

See Level of measurement and Sone

Sorting

Sorting refers to ordering data in an increasing or decreasing manner according to some linear relationship among the data items.

See Level of measurement and Sorting

SPSS

SPSS Statistics is a statistical software suite developed by IBM for data management, advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business intelligence, and criminal investigation.

See Level of measurement and SPSS

Standard deviation

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation of a random variable expected about its mean.

See Level of measurement and Standard deviation

Standardized moment

In probability theory and statistics, a standardized moment of a probability distribution is a moment (often a higher degree central moment) that is normalized, typically by a power of the standard deviation, rendering the moment scale invariant.

See Level of measurement and Standardized moment

Stanley Smith Stevens

Stanley Smith Stevens (November 4, 1906 – January 18, 1973) was an American psychologist who founded Harvard's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, studying psychoacoustics, and he is credited with the introduction of Stevens's power law.

See Level of measurement and Stanley Smith Stevens

Statistical data type

In statistics, groups of individual data points may be classified as belonging to any of various statistical data types, e.g. categorical ("red", "blue", "green"), real number, odd number (1,3,5) etc. Level of measurement and statistical data type are statistical data types.

See Level of measurement and Statistical data type

Studentized range

In statistics, the studentized range, denoted q, is the difference between the largest and smallest data in a sample normalized by the sample standard deviation.

See Level of measurement and Studentized range

Taxonomic rank

In biology, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy.

See Level of measurement and Taxonomic rank

Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.

See Level of measurement and Taylor & Francis

The Logic of Modern Physics

The Logic of Modern Physics is a 1927 philosophy of science book by American physicist and Nobel laureate Percy Williams Bridgman.

See Level of measurement and The Logic of Modern Physics

Theory of conjoint measurement

The theory of conjoint measurement (also known as conjoint measurement or additive conjoint measurement) is a general, formal theory of continuous quantity.

See Level of measurement and Theory of conjoint measurement

Time

Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future.

See Level of measurement and Time

Transaction Publishers

Transaction Publishers was a New Jersey-based publishing house that specialized in social science books and journals.

See Level of measurement and Transaction Publishers

Transition (linguistics)

A transition or linking word is a word or phrase that shows the relationship between paragraphs or sections of a text or speech.

See Level of measurement and Transition (linguistics)

Triviality (mathematics)

In mathematics, the adjective trivial is often used to refer to a claim or a case which can be readily obtained from context, or an object which possesses a simple structure (e.g., groups, topological spaces).

See Level of measurement and Triviality (mathematics)

Truth value

In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false).

See Level of measurement and Truth value

Unit of measurement

A unit of measurement, or unit of measure, is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind of quantity.

See Level of measurement and Unit of measurement

Universally unique identifier

A Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) is a 128-bit label used for information in computer systems.

See Level of measurement and Universally unique identifier

Validity (logic)

In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false.

See Level of measurement and Validity (logic)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement

Also known as Categorical rating, Categorical-valued, Classification scale, Comparative scaling, Interval data, Interval measurement, Interval scale, Interval variable, Levels of measurement, Nominal data, Nominal distribution, Nominal distributions, Nominal measurement, Nominal scale, Nominal scales, Nominal variable, Noncomparative scaling, Numeric data, Numerical Data, Ordinal classification, Ordinal level, Ordinal measurement, Ordinal order, Rank order scale, Ratio data, Ratio measurement, Scale (measurement), Scale of measure, Scale of measurement, Scales of measure, Scales of measurement, Statistical levels of measurement.

, Norman Cliff, Norman Robert Campbell, Operation (mathematics), Operationalization, Opinion, Order of magnitude, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Origin (mathematics), Otto Hölder, Part of speech, Percy Williams Bridgman, Power projection, Prima facie, Psychology, Psychometrics, Qualitative property, Qualitative variation, Quantitative research, Questionnaire, R. Duncan Luce, Ramsey–Lewis method, Range (statistics), Ranking, Rasch model, Ratio, Scale of temperature, Science (journal), Set theory, Software engineering, Sone, Sorting, SPSS, Standard deviation, Standardized moment, Stanley Smith Stevens, Statistical data type, Studentized range, Taxonomic rank, Taylor & Francis, The Logic of Modern Physics, Theory of conjoint measurement, Time, Transaction Publishers, Transition (linguistics), Triviality (mathematics), Truth value, Unit of measurement, Universally unique identifier, Validity (logic).

Level of measurement, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Statistical data types

References