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Liquid helium, the Glossary

Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures.^[1]

66 relations: Absolute zero, Atmospheric pressure, Atomic mass, Boiling point, Boson, Bowl, CERN, Chemical element, Cooper pair, Critical point (thermodynamics), Cryocooler, Cryogenics, Dalton (unit), Dilution refrigerator, Enthalpy, Expansion ratio, Fermion, Ground state, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Helium, Helium-3, Helium-4, Industrial gas, Intermolecular force, Isotope, John Cunningham McLennan, Kelvin, Lambda point, Large Hadron Collider, Leiden University, Lev Landau, Liquid, Liquid air, Liquid hydrogen, Liquid nitrogen, Liquid oxygen, Magnetic field, Magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetoencephalography, Mass spectrometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Melting, Melting point, Miscibility, Netherlands, Noble gas, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Pascal (unit), Phase separation, ... Expand index (16 more) »
1908 in science
Coolants
Helium
Noble gases
Superfluidity

Absolute zero

Absolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale; a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as zero kelvin. Liquid helium and Absolute zero are cryogenics.

See Liquid helium and Absolute zero

Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth.

See Liquid helium and Atmospheric pressure

Atomic mass

The atomic mass (ma or m) is the mass of an atom.

See Liquid helium and Atomic mass

Boiling point

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.

See Liquid helium and Boiling point

Boson

In particle physics, a boson is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2,...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spin (...). Every observed subatomic particle is either a boson or a fermion.

See Liquid helium and Boson

Bowl

A bowl is a typically round dish or container generally used for preparing, serving, storing, or consuming food.

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CERN

The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (Conseil européen pour la Recherche nucléaire), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.

See Liquid helium and CERN

Chemical element

A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.

See Liquid helium and Chemical element

Cooper pair

In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair) is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper.

See Liquid helium and Cooper pair

Critical point (thermodynamics)

In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve.

See Liquid helium and Critical point (thermodynamics)

Cryocooler

A refrigerator designed to reach cryogenic temperatures (below 120 K, -153 °C, -243.4 °F) is often called a cryocooler. Liquid helium and cryocooler are cryogenics and Industrial gases.

See Liquid helium and Cryocooler

Cryogenics

In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures. Liquid helium and cryogenics are Industrial gases.

See Liquid helium and Cryogenics

Dalton (unit)

The dalton or unified atomic mass unit (symbols: Da or u) is a non-SI unit of mass defined as of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest.

See Liquid helium and Dalton (unit)

Dilution refrigerator

A 3He/4He dilution refrigerator is a cryogenic device that provides continuous cooling to temperatures as low as 2 mK, with no moving parts in the low-temperature region. Liquid helium and dilution refrigerator are cryogenics.

See Liquid helium and Dilution refrigerator

Enthalpy

Enthalpy is the sum of a thermodynamic system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

See Liquid helium and Enthalpy

Expansion ratio

The expansion ratio of a liquefied and cryogenic substance is the volume of a given amount of that substance in liquid form compared to the volume of the same amount of substance in gaseous form, at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. Liquid helium and expansion ratio are cryogenics.

See Liquid helium and Expansion ratio

Fermion

In particle physics, a fermion is a particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics.

See Liquid helium and Fermion

Ground state

The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system.

See Liquid helium and Ground state

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (21 September 185321 February 1926) was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate. Liquid helium and Heike Kamerlingh Onnes are cryogenics.

See Liquid helium and Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element; it has symbol He and atomic number 2. Liquid helium and Helium are Coolants and Noble gases.

See Liquid helium and Helium

Helium-3

Helium-3 (3He see also helion) is a light, stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron. Liquid helium and helium-3 are superfluidity.

See Liquid helium and Helium-3

Helium-4

Helium-4 is a stable isotope of the element helium.

See Liquid helium and Helium-4

Industrial gas

Industrial gases are the gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in industry. Liquid helium and Industrial gas are Industrial gases.

See Liquid helium and Industrial gas

Intermolecular force

An intermolecular force (IMF) (or secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions.

See Liquid helium and Intermolecular force

Isotope

Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or nuclides) of the same chemical element.

See Liquid helium and Isotope

John Cunningham McLennan

Sir John Cunningham McLennan, (October 14, 1867 – October 9, 1935) was a Canadian physicist.

See Liquid helium and John Cunningham McLennan

Kelvin

The kelvin, symbol K, is the base unit of measurement for temperature in the International System of Units (SI).

See Liquid helium and Kelvin

Lambda point

The lambda point is the temperature at which normal fluid helium (helium I) makes the transition to superfluid helium II (approximately 2.17 K at 1 atmosphere). Liquid helium and lambda point are superfluidity.

See Liquid helium and Lambda point

Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider.

See Liquid helium and Large Hadron Collider

Leiden University

Leiden University (abbreviated as LEI; Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands.

See Liquid helium and Leiden University

Lev Landau

Lev Davidovich Landau (Лев Дави́дович Ланда́у; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. Liquid helium and Lev Landau are superfluidity.

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Liquid

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure.

See Liquid helium and Liquid

Liquid air

Liquid air is air that has been cooled to very low temperatures (cryogenic temperatures), so that it has condensed into a pale blue mobile liquid. Liquid helium and liquid air are Coolants, cryogenics and Industrial gases.

See Liquid helium and Liquid air

Liquid hydrogen

Liquid hydrogen is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. Liquid helium and liquid hydrogen are Coolants, cryogenics and Industrial gases.

See Liquid helium and Liquid hydrogen

Liquid nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature. Liquid helium and liquid nitrogen are Coolants and Industrial gases.

See Liquid helium and Liquid nitrogen

Liquid oxygen

Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear light sky-blue liquid form of dioxygen. Liquid helium and liquid oxygen are cryogenics and Industrial gases.

See Liquid helium and Liquid oxygen

Magnetic field

A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.

See Liquid helium and Magnetic field

Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. Liquid helium and Magnetic resonance imaging are cryogenics.

See Liquid helium and Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetoencephalography

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers.

See Liquid helium and Magnetoencephalography

Mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.

See Liquid helium and Mass spectrometry

Mössbauer spectroscopy

Mössbauer spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the Mössbauer effect.

See Liquid helium and Mössbauer spectroscopy

Melting

Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid.

See Liquid helium and Melting

Melting point

The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid.

See Liquid helium and Melting point

Miscibility

Miscibility is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture (a solution).

See Liquid helium and Miscibility

Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

See Liquid helium and Netherlands

Noble gas

|- ! colspan. Liquid helium and Noble gas are Noble gases.

See Liquid helium and Noble gas

Nuclear magnetic resonance

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a strong constant magnetic field are perturbed by a weak oscillating magnetic field (in the near field) and respond by producing an electromagnetic signal with a frequency characteristic of the magnetic field at the nucleus.

See Liquid helium and Nuclear magnetic resonance

Orders of magnitude (temperature)

Most ordinary human activity takes place at temperatures of this order of magnitude.

See Liquid helium and Orders of magnitude (temperature)

Pascal (unit)

The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI).

See Liquid helium and Pascal (unit)

Phase separation

Phase separation is the creation of two distinct phases from a single homogeneous mixture.

See Liquid helium and Phase separation

Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

See Liquid helium and Physics

Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

See Liquid helium and Pressure

Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.

See Liquid helium and Quantum mechanics

Refrigerant

A refrigerant is a working fluid used in the refrigeration cycle of air conditioning systems and heat pumps where in most cases they undergo a repeated phase transition from a liquid to a gas and back again. Liquid helium and refrigerant are Industrial gases.

See Liquid helium and Refrigerant

Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as his work in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model.

See Liquid helium and Richard Feynman

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_helium

Also known as Liquification of helium.

, Physics, Pressure, Quantum mechanics, Refrigerant, Richard Feynman, Superconducting magnet, Superfluid helium-4, Superfluidity, Supersolid, Temperature, Thermal conductivity and resistivity, Thermodynamics, University of Oregon, Vapor pressure, Water, Zero-point energy.

Liquid helium, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

1908 in science

Coolants

Helium

Noble gases

Superfluidity

References