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Liver disease, the Glossary

Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver.^[1]

105 relations: Adipose tissue, Alanine transaminase, Alcohol abuse, Alcoholic beverage, Alcoholic hepatitis, Alcoholic liver disease, Alcoholism, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Angiosarcoma, Anticoagulant, Apoptosis, Aspartate transaminase, Autoimmune hepatitis, Autoimmunity, Autopsy, Beta oxidation, Bile canaliculus, Bile duct, Bilirubin, Bleeding, Budd–Chiari syndrome, Cancer epigenetics, Carcinogenesis, Cholangiocarcinoma, Chronic liver disease, Cirrhosis, Clearance (pharmacology), Coagulation, Coagulopathy, Congestive hepatopathy, Disease, DNA, DNA repair, Elastography, Enzyme, Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, Fasciola, Fasciola hepatica, Fasciolosis, Fatty acid, Fatty acid synthesis, Fatty liver disease, Fibrinogen, Fibrinolysis, Fibrosis, Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal tract, Genetic disorder, Gilbert's syndrome, Globulin, ... Expand index (55 more) »
Health effects of alcohol

Adipose tissue

Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.

See Liver disease and Adipose tissue

Alanine transaminase

Alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transaminase enzyme.

See Liver disease and Alanine transaminase

Alcohol abuse encompasses a spectrum of alcohol-related substance abuse, ranging from the consumption of more than 2 drinks per day on average for men, or more than 1 drink per day on average for women, to binge drinking or alcohol use disorder.

See Liver disease and Alcohol abuse

Alcoholic beverage

An alcoholic beverage (also called an adult beverage, alcoholic drink, strong drink, or simply a drink) is a beverage containing alcohol.

See Liver disease and Alcoholic beverage

Alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis is hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) due to excessive intake of alcohol. Liver disease and Alcoholic hepatitis are health effects of alcohol.

See Liver disease and Alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Liver disease and alcoholic liver disease are diseases of liver and health effects of alcohol.

See Liver disease and Alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems.

See Liver disease and Alcoholism

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Liver disease and Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Angiosarcoma

Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that starts in the endothelial cells that line the walls of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.

See Liver disease and Angiosarcoma

Anticoagulant

An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time.

See Liver disease and Anticoagulant

Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.

See Liver disease and Apoptosis

Aspartate transaminase

Aspartate transaminase (AST) or aspartate aminotransferase, also known as AspAT/ASAT/AAT or (serum) glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, SGOT), is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminase enzyme that was first described by Arthur Karmen and colleagues in 1954.

See Liver disease and Aspartate transaminase

Autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly known as lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells, causing the liver to be inflamed.

See Liver disease and Autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmunity

In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents.

See Liver disease and Autoimmunity

Autopsy

An autopsy (also referred to as post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death; or the exam may be performed to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes.

See Liver disease and Autopsy

Beta oxidation

In biochemistry and metabolism, beta oxidation (also β-oxidation) is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA.

See Liver disease and Beta oxidation

Bile canaliculus

A bile canaliculus (bile canaliculi; also called bile capillaries) is a thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes.

See Liver disease and Bile canaliculus

Bile duct

A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile, and is present in most vertebrates.

See Liver disease and Bile duct

Bilirubin

Bilirubin (BR) (from the Latin for "red bile") is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates.

See Liver disease and Bilirubin

Bleeding

Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels.

See Liver disease and Bleeding

Budd–Chiari syndrome

Budd–Chiari syndrome is a very rare condition, affecting one in a million adults.

See Liver disease and Budd–Chiari syndrome

Cancer epigenetics

Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence, but instead involve a change in the way the genetic code is expressed.

See Liver disease and Cancer epigenetics

Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.

See Liver disease and Carcinogenesis

Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts.

See Liver disease and Cholangiocarcinoma

Chronic liver disease

Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Liver disease and Chronic liver disease are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Chronic liver disease

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease, is a condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue (fibrosis) and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease. Liver disease and cirrhosis are diseases of liver and health effects of alcohol.

See Liver disease and Cirrhosis

Clearance (pharmacology)

In pharmacology, clearance (Cl_) is a pharmacokinetic parameter representing the efficiency of drug elimination.

See Liver disease and Clearance (pharmacology)

Coagulation

Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.

See Liver disease and Coagulation

Coagulopathy

Coagulopathy (also called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood's ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired.

See Liver disease and Coagulopathy

Congestive hepatopathy

Congestive hepatopathy, is liver dysfunction due to venous congestion, usually due to congestive heart failure. Liver disease and congestive hepatopathy are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Congestive hepatopathy

Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.

See Liver disease and Disease

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

See Liver disease and DNA

DNA repair

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.

See Liver disease and DNA repair

Elastography

Elastography is any of a class of medical imaging modalities that map the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissue.

See Liver disease and Elastography

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

See Liver disease and Enzyme

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, also called transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis, transthyretin amyloidosis abbreviated also as ATTR (hereditary form), or Corino de Andrade's disease, is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease.

See Liver disease and Familial amyloid polyneuropathy

Fasciola

Fasciola, commonly known as the liver fluke, is a genus of parasitic trematodes.

See Liver disease and Fasciola

Fasciola hepatica

Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm, a type of helminth) of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes.

See Liver disease and Fasciola hepatica

Fasciolosis

Fasciolosis is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica.

See Liver disease and Fasciolosis

Fatty acid

In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.

See Liver disease and Fatty acid

Fatty acid synthesis

In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases.

See Liver disease and Fatty acid synthesis

Fatty liver disease

Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis and steatotic liver disease (SLD), is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. Liver disease and Fatty liver disease are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Fatty liver disease

Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I) is a glycoprotein complex, produced in the liver, that circulates in the blood of all vertebrates.

See Liver disease and Fibrinogen

Fibrinolysis

Fibrinolysis is a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic.

See Liver disease and Fibrinolysis

Fibrosis

Fibrosis, also known as fibrotic scarring, is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue.

See Liver disease and Fibrosis

Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology (from the Greek gastḗr- "belly", -énteron "intestine", and -logía "study of") is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders.

See Liver disease and Gastroenterology

Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

See Liver disease and Gastrointestinal tract

Genetic disorder

A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.

See Liver disease and Genetic disorder

Gilbert's syndrome

Gilbert syndrome (GS) is a syndrome in which the liver of affected individuals processes bilirubin more slowly than the majority.

See Liver disease and Gilbert's syndrome

Globulin

The globulins are a family of globular proteins that have higher molecular weights than albumins and are insoluble in pure water but dissolve in dilute salt solutions.

See Liver disease and Globulin

Glossary of biology

This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.

See Liver disease and Glossary of biology

Glycogen storage disease type II

Glycogen storage disease type II (GSD-II), also called Pompe disease, and formerly known as GSD-IIa or Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy2V, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder which damages muscle and nerve cells throughout the body.

See Liver disease and Glycogen storage disease type II

Gross pathology

Gross pathology refers to macroscopic manifestations of disease in organs, tissues, and body cavities.

See Liver disease and Gross pathology

HBsAg

HBsAg (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

See Liver disease and HBsAg

Hemangiosarcoma

Hemangiosarcoma is a rapidly growing, highly invasive variety of cancer that occurs almost exclusively in dogs, and only rarely in cats, horses, mice, or humans (vinyl chloride toxicity).

See Liver disease and Hemangiosarcoma

Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an altered level of consciousness as a result of liver failure. Liver disease and Hepatic encephalopathy are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic veins

In human anatomy, the hepatic veins are the veins that drain venous blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava (as opposed to the hepatic portal vein which conveys blood from the gastrointestinal organs to the liver).

See Liver disease and Hepatic veins

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. Liver disease and Hepatitis are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Hepatitis

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis.

See Liver disease and Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses.

See Liver disease and Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis C virus

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae.

See Liver disease and Hepatitis C virus

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.

See Liver disease and Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatology

Hepatology is the branch of medicine that incorporates the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas as well as management of their disorders.

See Liver disease and Hepatology

Hepatotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage. Liver disease and Hepatotoxicity are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Hepatotoxicity

Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.

See Liver disease and Inflammation

Inflammatory cytokine

An inflammatory cytokine or proinflammatory cytokine is a type of signaling molecule (a cytokine) that is secreted from immune cells like helper T cells (Th) and macrophages, and certain other cell types that promote inflammation.

See Liver disease and Inflammatory cytokine

Iron

Iron is a chemical element.

See Liver disease and Iron

Iron overload

Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage.

See Liver disease and Iron overload

Jaundice

Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels.

See Liver disease and Jaundice

Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

See Liver disease and Liver

Liver biopsy

Liver biopsy is the biopsy (removal of a small sample of tissue) from the liver.

See Liver disease and Liver biopsy

Liver cancer

Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, primary hepatic cancer, or primary hepatic malignancy, is cancer that starts in the liver. Liver disease and liver cancer are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Liver cancer

Liver failure

Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Liver disease and liver failure are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Liver failure

Liver fluke

Liver fluke is a collective name of a polyphyletic group of parasitic trematodes under the phylum Platyhelminthes.

See Liver disease and Liver fluke

Liver function tests

Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver.

See Liver disease and Liver function tests

Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body.

See Liver disease and Magnetic resonance imaging

Medical ultrasound

Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound.

See Liver disease and Medical ultrasound

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a type of chronic liver disease. Liver disease and Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease

Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

See Liver disease and Metabolic syndrome

A liver metastasis is a malignant tumor in the liver that has spread from another organ affected by cancer.

See Liver disease and Metastatic liver disease

Micrograph

A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object.

See Liver disease and Micrograph

Model for End-Stage Liver Disease

The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, or MELD, is a scoring system for assessing the severity of chronic liver disease.

See Liver disease and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body, in England, of the Department of Health and Social Care, that publishes guidelines in four areas.

See Liver disease and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

Oxidative stress

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.

See Liver disease and Oxidative stress

P53

p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers.

See Liver disease and P53

Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass.

See Liver disease and Pancreatic cancer

Partial thromboplastin time

The partial thromboplastin time (PTT), also known as the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT), is a blood test that characterizes coagulation of the blood.

See Liver disease and Partial thromboplastin time

Particulates

Particulates or atmospheric particulate matter (see below for other names) are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.

See Liver disease and Particulates

Plasma protein

Plasma proteins, sometimes referred to as blood proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma.

See Liver disease and Plasma protein

Platelet

Platelets or thrombocytes are a blood component whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.

See Liver disease and Platelet

Primary biliary cholangitis

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. Liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Primary biliary cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a long-term progressive disease of the liver and gallbladder characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts, which normally allow bile to drain from the gallbladder.

See Liver disease and Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Prothrombin time

The prothrombin time (PT) – along with its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) – is an assay for evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation.

See Liver disease and Prothrombin time

Reactive oxygen species

In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide.

See Liver disease and Reactive oxygen species

Serum albumin

Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood.

See Liver disease and Serum albumin

Single-cell sequencing

Single-cell sequencing examines the nucleic acid sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment.

See Liver disease and Single-cell sequencing

Steatohepatitis

Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in liver. Liver disease and Steatohepatitis are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Steatohepatitis

Steatosis

Steatosis, also called fatty change, is abnormal retention of fat (lipids) within a cell or organ.

See Liver disease and Steatosis

Thrombocytopenia

In hematology, thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets (also known as thrombocytes) in the blood.

See Liver disease and Thrombocytopenia

Triglyceride

A triglyceride (from tri- and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.

See Liver disease and Triglyceride

Ursodeoxycholic acid

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), also known as ursodiol, is a secondary bile acid, produced in humans and most other species from metabolism by intestinal bacteria.

See Liver disease and Ursodeoxycholic acid

Vascular occlusion

Vascular occlusion is a blockage of a blood vessel, usually with a clot.

See Liver disease and Vascular occlusion

Viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. Liver disease and viral hepatitis are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Viral hepatitis

Von Willebrand factor

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a blood glycoprotein that promotes hemostasis, specifically, platelet adhesion.

See Liver disease and Von Willebrand factor

Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease (also called Hepatolenticular degeneration) is a genetic disorder characterized by the excess build-up of copper in the body. Liver disease and Wilson's disease are diseases of liver.

See Liver disease and Wilson's disease

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease

Also known as Causes of liver disease, Diseases of the liver, Hepatic disease, Hepatic impairment, Hepatic insufficiency, Impaired liver function, List of liver disorders, Liver damage, Liver disorder, Liver disorders, Liver dysfunction, Liver impairment, Liver insufficiency, Liver problems, Severe liver disease.

, Glossary of biology, Glycogen storage disease type II, Gross pathology, HBsAg, Hemangiosarcoma, Hepatic encephalopathy, Hepatic veins, Hepatitis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatology, Hepatotoxicity, Inflammation, Inflammatory cytokine, Iron, Iron overload, Jaundice, Liver, Liver biopsy, Liver cancer, Liver failure, Liver fluke, Liver function tests, Magnetic resonance imaging, Medical ultrasound, Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, Metabolic syndrome, Metastatic liver disease, Micrograph, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Oxidative stress, P53, Pancreatic cancer, Partial thromboplastin time, Particulates, Plasma protein, Platelet, Primary biliary cholangitis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Prothrombin time, Reactive oxygen species, Serum albumin, Single-cell sequencing, Steatohepatitis, Steatosis, Thrombocytopenia, Triglyceride, Ursodeoxycholic acid, Vascular occlusion, Viral hepatitis, Von Willebrand factor, Wilson's disease.

Liver disease, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Health effects of alcohol

References