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Loop of Henle, the Glossary

In the kidney, the loop of Henle (or Henle's loop, Henle loop, nephron loop or its Latin counterpart ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.^[1]

36 relations: Active transport, Anatomy, Aquaporin, Aquaporin-2, Ascending limb of loop of Henle, Calcium, Carbonic anhydrase, Chloride, Collecting duct system, Countercurrent multiplication, Descending limb of loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule, Epithelium, Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, Germany, Interstitium, Ion, Kidney, Latin, Magnesium, Membrane potential, Metanephrogenic blastema, Molecular diffusion, Na–K–Cl cotransporter, Nephron, Oncotic pressure, Osmotic concentration, Potassium, Proximal tubule, Renal cortex, Renal medulla, Sodium–hydrogen antiporter, Sodium–potassium pump, Urea, Urine, Vasa recta (kidney).
Kidney anatomy

Active transport

In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.

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Anatomy

Anatomy is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts.

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Aquaporin

Aquaporins, also called water channels, are channel proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells, mainly facilitating transport of water between cells.

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Aquaporin-2

Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) is found in the apical cell membranes of the kidney's collecting duct principal cells and in intracellular vesicles located throughout the cell.

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Ascending limb of loop of Henle

Within the nephron of the kidney, the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is a segment of the heterogenous loop of Henle downstream of the descending limb, after the sharp bend of the loop. Loop of Henle and ascending limb of loop of Henle are kidney anatomy.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Carbonic anhydrase

The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions).

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Chloride

The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine ion, which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond.

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Collecting duct system

The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis. Loop of Henle and collecting duct system are kidney anatomy.

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Countercurrent multiplication

A countercurrent mechanism system is a mechanism that expends energy to create a concentration gradient.

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Descending limb of loop of Henle

Within the nephron of the kidney, the descending limb of loop of Henle is the portion of the renal tubule constituting the first part of the loop of Henle. Loop of Henle and descending limb of loop of Henle are kidney anatomy.

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Distal convoluted tubule

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule. Loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule are kidney anatomy.

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Epithelium

Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

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Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle

Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (9 July 1809 – 13 May 1885) was a German physician, pathologist, and anatomist.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Interstitium

The interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell membrane or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system.

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Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.

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Kidney

In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

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Membrane potential

Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.

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The metanephrogenic blastema or metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme, or metanephric mesoderm) is one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney, the other being the ureteric bud.

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Molecular diffusion

Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.

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Na–K–Cl cotransporter

The Na–K–Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a transport protein that aids in the secondary active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells.

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Nephron

The nephron is the minute or microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Loop of Henle and nephron are kidney anatomy.

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Oncotic pressure

Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic-pressure, is a type of osmotic pressure induced by the plasma proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (or any other body fluid such as blood and lymph) that causes a pull on fluid back into the capillary.

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Osmotic concentration

Osmotic concentration, formerly known as osmolarity, is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per litre (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L).

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number19.

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Proximal tubule

The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle. Loop of Henle and proximal tubule are kidney anatomy.

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Renal cortex

The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. Loop of Henle and renal cortex are kidney anatomy.

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Renal medulla

The renal medulla (Latin: medulla renis 'marrow of the kidney') is the innermost part of the kidney. Loop of Henle and renal medulla are kidney anatomy.

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Sodium–hydrogen antiporter

The sodium–hydrogen antiporter or sodium–proton exchanger (Na+/H+ exchanger or NHX) is a membrane protein that transports Na+ into the cell, and H+ out of the cell (antiport).

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Sodium–potassium pump

The sodium–potassium pump (sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as -ATPase, pump, or sodium–potassium ATPase) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the membrane of all animal cells.

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Urea

Urea, also called carbamide (because it is a diamide of carbonic acid), is an organic compound with chemical formula.

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Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.

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Vasa recta (kidney)

The vasa recta of the kidney, (vasa recta renis) are the straight arterioles, and the straight venules of the kidney, – a series of blood vessels in the blood supply of the kidney that enter the medulla as the straight arterioles, and leave the medulla to ascend to the cortex as the straight venules. Loop of Henle and vasa recta (kidney) are kidney anatomy.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_of_Henle

Also known as Ansa nephroni, Henle's loop, Henle's loops, Henles loop, Henles loops, Limb of Henle, Loops of Henle, Medullary solute washout, Nephron loop.