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Ma Zhongying, the Glossary

Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying (Xiao'erjing: مَا جٌ‌یِئٍ; c. 1910 or 1908 – after 1936), nickname Commander Ga (尕司令, lit.youngster commander), was a Hui Chinese Muslim warlord during the Warlord era of China.^[1]

81 relations: Academia Sinica, Allen S. Whiting, Battle of Ürümqi (1933), Battle of Kashgar (1934), Blue Sky with a White Sun, Central Plains War, Chiang Kai-shek, Eastern Front (World War II), Evangeline French, Feng Yuxiang, Francesca French, Gansu, General officer, Genghis Khan, Great Purge, Guominjun, Hezhou, Huasi Mosque, Hui people, Id Kah Mosque, Jin Shuren, Joseph Stalin, Kamal Kaya Efendi, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Kumul Khanate, Kumul Rebellion, Kuomintang, Lanzhou, Linxia County, Ma (surname), Ma Bufang, Ma Hongbin, Ma Hongkui, Ma Hushan, Ma Lin (warlord), Mao Zedong, Mauser, Mildred Cable, Moscow, Muslim conflict in Gansu (1927–1930), Muslims, Nanjing, Napoleon, Nazi Germany, New 36th Division, News from Tartary, Ningxia, Paul von Hindenburg, Peter Fleming (writer), Pump organ, ... Expand index (31 more) »
Chinese Muslim generals
People from Linxia
Republic of China warlords from Gansu
Whampoa Military Academy alumni

Academia Sinica

Academia Sinica (AS, 3), headquartered in Nangang, Taipei, is the national academy of the Republic of China (Taiwan).

See Ma Zhongying and Academia Sinica

Allen S. Whiting

Allen Suess Whiting (October 27, 1926 – January 11, 2018) was an American political scientist and former government official specializing in the foreign relations of China.

See Ma Zhongying and Allen S. Whiting

Battle of Ürümqi (1933)

The First Battle of Ürümqi was a conflict in the spring of 1933 between the armies of the Xinjiang provincial government under Jin Shuren and the Dungan New 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) of the Nationalist government of China.

See Ma Zhongying and Battle of Ürümqi (1933)

Battle of Kashgar (1934)

The Battle of Kashgar was a military confrontation that took place in 1934 during the Xinjiang Wars.

See Ma Zhongying and Battle of Kashgar (1934)

Blue Sky with a White Sun

The Blue Sky with a White Sun is the national emblem of the Republic of China that covers the period of history in Mainland China and Taiwan.

See Ma Zhongying and Blue Sky with a White Sun

Central Plains War

The Central Plains War was a series of military campaigns in 1929 and 1930 that constituted a Chinese civil war between the Nationalist Kuomintang government in Nanjing led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and several regional military commanders and warlords who were former allies of Chiang.

See Ma Zhongying and Central Plains War

Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 18875 April 1975) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and military commander. Ma Zhongying and Chiang Kai-shek are Chinese anti-communists and members of the Kuomintang.

See Ma Zhongying and Chiang Kai-shek

Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in contemporary German and Ukrainian historiographies, was a theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Poland.

See Ma Zhongying and Eastern Front (World War II)

Evangeline French

Evangeline Frances "Eva" French (1869-8 July 1960) was a British Protestant Christian missionary in China.

See Ma Zhongying and Evangeline French

Feng Yuxiang

Feng Yuxiang (6 November 1882 – 1 September 1948), courtesy name Huanzhang (焕章), was a Chinese warlord and a leader of the Republic of China from Chaohu, Anhui.

See Ma Zhongying and Feng Yuxiang

Francesca French

Francesca Law French (12 December 1871 – 2 August 1960) was a British Protestant Christian missionary in China.

See Ma Zhongying and Francesca French

Gansu

Gansu is an inland province in Northwestern China.

See Ma Zhongying and Gansu

General officer

A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.

See Ma Zhongying and General officer

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire.

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Great Purge

The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state.

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Guominjun

The Guominjun, abbreviated as GMJ and KMC, was a military faction founded by Feng Yuxiang, Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue during China's Warlord Era.

See Ma Zhongying and Guominjun

Hezhou

Hezhou (贺州) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.

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Huasi Mosque

The Huasi Mosque is a mosque in China built during the reign of the Chenghua Emperor (r. 1465–1487) in the Ming dynasty.

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Hui people

The Hui people (回族|p.

See Ma Zhongying and Hui people

Id Kah Mosque

The Id Kah Mosque (translit, ХейтгахМесчити; p; from Persian: عیدگاه, Eidgāh, meaning "Place of Festivities") is a historic mosque and tourist site located in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China.

See Ma Zhongying and Id Kah Mosque

Jin Shuren

Jin Shuren (c. 1883–1941) was a Chinese Xinjiang clique warlord who served as Governor of Xinjiang between 1928 and 1933. Ma Zhongying and Jin Shuren are people from Linxia.

See Ma Zhongying and Jin Shuren

Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

See Ma Zhongying and Joseph Stalin

Kamal Kaya Efendi

Kamal Kaya Efendi, also known as Kemal Kaya Effendi (Ottoman Turkish: كمال کایا افندﻯ), was an Ottoman Turk who may have been a Soviet agent.

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Konstantin Rokossovsky

Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky (Russian: Константин Константинович (Ксаверьевич) Рокоссовский; Konstanty Rokossowski; 21 December 1896 – 3 August 1968) was a Soviet and Polish officer who became a Marshal of the Soviet Union, a Marshal of Poland, and served as Poland's Defence Minister from 1949 until his removal in 1956 during the Polish October.

See Ma Zhongying and Konstantin Rokossovsky

Kumul Khanate

The Kumul Khanate was a semi-autonomous feudal Turco-Mongol khanate (equivalent to a banner in Mongolia) within the Qing dynasty and then the Republic of China until it was abolished by Xinjiang governor Jin Shuren in 1930.

See Ma Zhongying and Kumul Khanate

Kumul Rebellion

The Kumul Rebellion was a rebellion of Kumulik Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang.

See Ma Zhongying and Kumul Rebellion

Kuomintang

The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.

See Ma Zhongying and Kuomintang

Lanzhou

Lanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu province in northwestern China.

See Ma Zhongying and Lanzhou

Linxia County

Linxia County (Xiao'erjing: ‌لٍ‌ثِيَا ثِيًا) is a county in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, province of Gansu, China.

See Ma Zhongying and Linxia County

Ma (surname)

Ma is a Chinese family name.

See Ma Zhongying and Ma (surname)

Ma Bufang

Ma Bufang (1903 – 31 July 1975) (Xiao'erjing: مَا بُ‌فَانْ) was a prominent Muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Qinghai. Ma Zhongying and Ma Bufang are Chinese anti-communists, people from Linxia and republic of China warlords from Gansu.

See Ma Zhongying and Ma Bufang

Ma Hongbin

Ma Hongbin (马鸿宾, Xiao'erjing: مَا خٌ‌بٍ, September 14, 1884 – October 21, 1960), was a prominent Chinese Muslim warlord active mainly during the Republican era, and was part of the Ma clique. Ma Zhongying and ma Hongbin are members of the Kuomintang, people from Linxia and republic of China warlords from Gansu.

See Ma Zhongying and Ma Hongbin

Ma Hongkui

Ma Hongkui (Xiao'erjing: مَا خٌ‌کُوِ; March 14, 1892 – January 14, 1970) was a prominent Muslim warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Ningxia. Ma Zhongying and Ma Hongkui are Chinese anti-communists, people from Linxia and republic of China warlords from Gansu.

See Ma Zhongying and Ma Hongkui

Ma Hushan

Ma Hu-shan (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺧُﻮْ شً, p; 1910 – 1954) was a Hui (Chinese Muslim) warlord and the brother-in-law and follower of Ma Zhongying, a Dungan/Hui Ma Clique warlord. Ma Zhongying and Ma Hushan are Chinese anti-communists, Hui people, members of the Kuomintang and republic of China warlords from Gansu.

See Ma Zhongying and Ma Hushan

Ma Lin (warlord)

Ma Lin (Xiao'erjing: مَا لٍ,; 1873 – 26 January 1945) was the governor of Qinghai 1931–38 and the brother of Ma Qi. Ma Zhongying and Ma Lin (warlord) are Chinese Muslim generals, Hui people, members of the Kuomintang, people from Linxia and republic of China warlords from Gansu.

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Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

See Ma Zhongying and Mao Zedong

Mauser

Mauser, originally the Königlich Württembergische Gewehrfabrik, was a German arms manufacturer.

See Ma Zhongying and Mauser

Mildred Cable

Alice Mildred Cable (21 February 1878 – 30 April 1952) was a British Protestant Christian missionary in China, serving with the China Inland Mission.

See Ma Zhongying and Mildred Cable

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.

See Ma Zhongying and Moscow

Muslim conflict in Gansu (1927–1930)

The Muslim Conflict in Gansu broke out when a coalition of Muslim generals revolted against the Guominjun in 1927.

See Ma Zhongying and Muslim conflict in Gansu (1927–1930)

Muslims

Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.

See Ma Zhongying and Muslims

Nanjing

Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of, and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports.

See Ma Zhongying and Nanjing

Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.

See Ma Zhongying and Napoleon

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

See Ma Zhongying and Nazi Germany

New 36th Division

The New 36th Division was a cavalry division in the National Revolutionary Army.

See Ma Zhongying and New 36th Division

News from Tartary

News from Tartary: A Journey from Peking to Kashmir is a 1936 travel book by Peter Fleming, describing his journey and the political situation of Turkestan (historically known as Tartary).

See Ma Zhongying and News from Tartary

Ningxia

Ningxia, officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region in Northwestern China.

See Ma Zhongying and Ningxia

Paul von Hindenburg

Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (abbreviated; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I. He later became president of Germany from 1925 until his death.

See Ma Zhongying and Paul von Hindenburg

Peter Fleming (writer)

Robert Peter Fleming (31 May 1907 – 18 August 1971) was a British adventurer, journalist, soldier and travel writer.

See Ma Zhongying and Peter Fleming (writer)

Pump organ

The pump organ or reed organ is a type of organs using free-reeds that generates sound as air flows past the free-reeds, the vibrating pieces of thin metal in a frame.

See Ma Zhongying and Pump organ

Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.

See Ma Zhongying and Qing dynasty

Qinghai

Qinghai is an inland province in Northwestern China. It is the largest province of China (excluding autonomous regions) by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xining. Qinghai borders Gansu on the northeast, Xinjiang on the northwest, Sichuan on the southeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region on the southwest.

See Ma Zhongying and Qinghai

Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

See Ma Zhongying and Red Army

Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China (ROC), or simply China, as a sovereign state was based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when the government retreated to Taiwan, where it continues to be based.

See Ma Zhongying and Republic of China (1912–1949)

Republic of China Military Academy

The Republic of China Military Academy, also known as the Chinese Military Academy (CMA), is the service academy for the army.

See Ma Zhongying and Republic of China Military Academy

Rewi Alley

Rewi Alley (known in China as 路易•艾黎, Lùyì Aìlí, 2 December 1897 – 27 December 1987) was a New Zealand-born writer and political activist.

See Ma Zhongying and Rewi Alley

Salar people

The Salar people are a Turkic ethnic minority in China who speak Salar, a Turkic language of the Oghuz sub-branch.

See Ma Zhongying and Salar people

Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931.

See Ma Zhongying and Second Sino-Japanese War

Sheng Shicai

Sheng Shicai (3 December 189513 July 1970) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944. Ma Zhongying and Sheng Shicai are Chinese anti-communists and members of the Kuomintang.

See Ma Zhongying and Sheng Shicai

Soviet invasion of Xinjiang

The Soviet invasion of Xinjiang was a military campaign of the Soviet Union in the Chinese northwestern region of Xinjiang in 1934.

See Ma Zhongying and Soviet invasion of Xinjiang

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Ma Zhongying and Soviet Union

Sven Hedin

Sven Anders Hedin, KNO1kl RVO,Wennerholm, Eric (1978) Sven Hedin – En biografi, Bonniers, Stockholm (19 February 1865 – 26 November 1952) was a Swedish geographer, topographer, explorer, photographer, travel writer and illustrator of his own works.

See Ma Zhongying and Sven Hedin

The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries

The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries (最新支那要人伝) is a guide to prominent individuals in the Republic of China, compiled in Japan by The Asahi Shimbun newspaper during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

See Ma Zhongying and The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries

Tianjin

Tianjin is a municipality and metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea.

See Ma Zhongying and Tianjin

Uyghurs

The Uyghurs, alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia.

See Ma Zhongying and Uyghurs

Vladimir Petrov (diplomat)

Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov (Влади́мир Миха́йлович Петро́в; born Afanasii Mikhailovich Shorokhov; 15 February 1907 – 14 June 1991) was a Soviet spy who defected to Australia in 1954 with his wife Evdokia, in what became known as the Petrov Affair.

See Ma Zhongying and Vladimir Petrov (diplomat)

Warlord

A warlord is an individual who exercises military, economic, and political control over a region, often within a country without a strong national government, through usually informal or illegal coercive control over the local armed forces.

See Ma Zhongying and Warlord

Warlord Era

The Warlord Era was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions from 1916 to 1928.

See Ma Zhongying and Warlord Era

White émigré

White Russian émigrés were Russians who emigrated from the territory of the former Russian Empire in the wake of the Russian Revolution (1917) and Russian Civil War (1917–1923), and who were in opposition to the revolutionary Bolshevik communist Russian political climate.

See Ma Zhongying and White émigré

White movement

The White movement (p), also known as the Whites (Бѣлые / Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of anti-communist forces that fought the communist Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War and that to a lesser extent continued operating as militarized associations of rebels both outside and within Russian borders in Siberia until roughly World War II (1939–1945).

See Ma Zhongying and White movement

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Ma Zhongying and World War II

Xiao'erjing

Xiao'erjing, often shortened to Xiaojing (the 'original script' being the Perso-Arabic script), is a Perso-Arabic script used to write Sinitic languages, including Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Northeastern Mandarin, and Dungan.

See Ma Zhongying and Xiao'erjing

Xidaotang

Xidaotang ("Hall of the Western Dao," i.e. Islam)--originally called Jinxingtang 金星堂, the "Gold Star Hall"; also called the Hanxue pai 汉学派, the "Han Studies Sect" —is a Sino-Islamic religious body / special economic community centered in Gansu province.

See Ma Zhongying and Xidaotang

Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation),J.

See Ma Zhongying and Xinhua News Agency

Xinjiang

Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.

See Ma Zhongying and Xinjiang

Yellow Expedition

The Yellow Expedition (Croisière Jaune) was a French trans-Asian expedition in 1931 and 1932.

See Ma Zhongying and Yellow Expedition

Yellow River

The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China, after the Yangtze; with an estimated length of it is the sixth-longest river system on Earth.

See Ma Zhongying and Yellow River

Yulbars Khan

Yulbars Khan (يۇلبارس خان, يۇلۋاس خان (يولبارس خان), 'Tiger'; or; 13 August 1889 – 27 July 1971), courtesy name Jingfu (景福), was a Uyghur chieftain and Kuomintang general during the Chinese Civil War. Ma Zhongying and Yulbars Khan are Chinese Muslim generals and Chinese anti-communists.

See Ma Zhongying and Yulbars Khan

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Zhongying

Also known as Ma Buying, Ma Chung-yin, Ma Chung-ying, Ma Chungyin, Ma Chungying, Ma Pu-ying.

, Qing dynasty, Qinghai, Red Army, Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China Military Academy, Rewi Alley, Salar people, Second Sino-Japanese War, Sheng Shicai, Soviet invasion of Xinjiang, Soviet Union, Sven Hedin, The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries, Tianjin, Uyghurs, Vladimir Petrov (diplomat), Warlord, Warlord Era, White émigré, White movement, World War II, Xiao'erjing, Xidaotang, Xinhua News Agency, Xinjiang, Yellow Expedition, Yellow River, Yulbars Khan, Zhang Guotao, Zhang Peiyuan, Zuo Zongtang.

Ma Zhongying, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Chinese Muslim generals

People from Linxia

Republic of China warlords from Gansu

Whampoa Military Academy alumni

References