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Maginot Line, the Glossary

The Maginot Line (Ligne Maginot), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Nazi Germany and force them to move around the fortifications.^[1]

204 relations: Allies of World War II, Alsace, André Maginot, Anti-French sentiment, Anti-tank gun, Ardennes, Armistice of 22 June 1940, Army Group C, Art director, Artillery, Atlantic Wall, Attrition warfare, Çakmak Line, Édouard Herriot, Bar Lev Line, Barracks, Barricade, Bas-Rhin, Battle of France, Bauxite, Belgium, Benevolent neutrality, Bitche, Blitzkrieg, Blockade, Blockhouse, Boulogne-sur-Mer, British Empire, British Expeditionary Force (World War II), British hardened field defences of World War II, Bunker, Calais, Camouflage, Casemate, Ceintures de Lyon, Charles de Gaulle, Cherbourg-Octeville, Citizen Soldiers, Coal, Colmar, Combat engineer, Commission for Organising the Fortified Regions, Compiègne, Conscription in Germany, Cordon sanitaire (international relations), Czechoslovak border fortifications, Czechoslovakia, Defense line, Dieppe, Drachenbronn Air Base, ... Expand index (154 more) »
1930 establishments in France
20th-century fortifications
Historic defensive lines
Military installations established in 1930
Separation barriers
Tunnel warfare

Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

See Maginot Line and Allies of World War II

Alsace

Alsace (Low Alemannic German/Alsatian: Elsàss ˈɛlsɑs; German: Elsass (German spelling before 1996: Elsaß.) ˈɛlzas ⓘ; Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.

See Maginot Line and Alsace

André Maginot

André Maginot (17 February 1877 – 7 January 1932) was a French civil servant, soldier and Member of Parliament. He is best known for his advocacy of the string of forts known as the Maginot Line.

See Maginot Line and André Maginot

Anti-French sentiment

Anti-French sentiment (Francophobia or Gallophobia) is the fear of, discrimination against, prejudice of, or hatred towards France, the French people, French culture, the French government or the Francophonie (set of political entities that use French as an official language or whose French-speaking population is numerically or proportionally large).

See Maginot Line and Anti-French sentiment

Anti-tank gun

An anti-tank gun is a form of artillery designed to destroy tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, normally from a static defensive position.

See Maginot Line and Anti-tank gun

Ardennes

The Ardennes (Ardenne; Ardennen; Ardennen; Årdene; Ardennen), also known as the Ardennes Forest or Forest of Ardennes, is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, extending into Germany and France.

See Maginot Line and Ardennes

Armistice of 22 June 1940

The Armistice of 22 June 1940, sometimes referred to as the Second Armistice at Compiègne, was an agreement signed at 18:36 on 22 June 1940 near Compiègne, France by officials of Nazi Germany and the French Third Republic.

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Army Group C

Army Group C (Heeresgruppe C) was an army group of the German Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Art director

Art director is the title for a variety of similar job functions in theater, advertising, marketing, publishing, fashion, film and television, the Internet, and video games.

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Artillery

Artillery are ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms.

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Atlantic Wall

The Atlantic Wall (Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom, during World War II.

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Attrition warfare

Attrition warfare is a military strategy consisting of belligerent attempts to win a war by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel, materiel and morale.

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Çakmak Line

The Çakmak Line is a defense line established by Turkey, first on the Kırklareli-Edirne line and then in Çatalca in order to deter and counter any attack by the Germans on the Eastern Thrace border. Maginot Line and Çakmak Line are World War II defensive lines.

See Maginot Line and Çakmak Line

Édouard Herriot

Édouard Marie Herriot (5 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister (1924–1925; 1926; 1932) and twice as President of the Chamber of Deputies.

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Bar Lev Line

The Bar-Lev Line (קו בר-לב; خط بارليف) was a chain of fortifications built by Israel along the eastern bank of the Suez Canal shortly after the 1967 Arab–Israeli War, during which Egypt lost the entire Sinai Peninsula. Maginot Line and bar Lev Line are historic defensive lines.

See Maginot Line and Bar Lev Line

Barracks

Barracks are buildings used to accommodate military personnel.

See Maginot Line and Barracks

Barricade

Barricade (from the French barrique - 'barrel') is any object or structure that creates a barrier or obstacle to control, block passage or force the flow of traffic in the desired direction.

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Bas-Rhin

Bas-Rhin is a département in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est super-region of France.

See Maginot Line and Bas-Rhin

Battle of France

The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of France, that notably introduced tactics that are still used.

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Bauxite

Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

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Benevolent neutrality

In diplomacy benevolent neutrality means a neutral country favors one of the belligerents in a war.

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Bitche

Bitche (English pronunciation:,; German and Lorraine Franconian: Bitsch) is a commune in Moselle department, in the region of Grand Est in northeastern France.

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Blitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg (from Blitz "lightning" + Krieg "war") or Bewegungskrieg is a word used to describe a combined arms surprise attack using a rapid, overwhelming force concentration that may consist of armored and motorized or mechanized infantry formations; together with artillery, air assault, and close air support; with intent to break through the opponent's lines of defense, dislocate the defenders, unbalance the enemies by making it difficult to respond to the continuously changing front, and defeat them in a decisive Vernichtungsschlacht: a battle of annihilation.

See Maginot Line and Blitzkrieg

Blockade

A blockade is the act of actively preventing a country or region from receiving or sending out food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, by military force.

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Blockhouse

A blockhouse is a small fortification, usually consisting of one or more rooms with loopholes, allowing its defenders to fire in various directions. Maginot Line and blockhouse are 20th-century fortifications.

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Boulogne-sur-Mer

Boulogne-sur-Mer (Boulonne-su-Mér; Bonen; Gesoriacum or Bononia), often called just Boulogne, is a coastal city in Northern France.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Expeditionary Force (World War II)

The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the contingent of the British Army sent to France in 1939 after Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany on 3 September, beginning the Second World War.

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British hardened field defences of World War II

British hardened field defences of World War II were small fortified structures constructed as a part of British anti-invasion preparations.

See Maginot Line and British hardened field defences of World War II

Bunker

A bunker is a defensive military fortification designed to protect people and valued materials from falling bombs, artillery, or other attacks.

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Calais

Calais (traditionally) is a port city in the Pas-de-Calais department, of which it is a subprefecture.

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Camouflage

Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else.

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Casemate

A casemate is a fortified gun emplacement or armored structure from which guns are fired, in a fortification, warship, or armoured fighting vehicle.

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Ceintures de Lyon

The ceintures de Lyon ("Belts of Lyon") were a series of fortifications built between 1830 and 1890 around the city of Lyon, France, to protect the city from foreign invasion.

See Maginot Line and Ceintures de Lyon

Charles de Gaulle

Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French military officer and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France.

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Cherbourg-Octeville

Cherbourg-Octeville is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

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Citizen Soldiers

Citizen Soldiers: The U.S. Army from the Normandy Beaches to the Bulge to the Surrender of Germany is a non-fiction book about World War II written by Stephen E. Ambrose and published in 1997.

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.

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Colmar

Colmar (Alsatian: Colmer; German: Kolmar) is a city and commune in the Haut-Rhin department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

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Combat engineer

A combat engineer (also called pioneer or sapper) is a type of soldier who performs military engineering tasks in support of land forces combat operations.

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Commission for Organising the Fortified Regions

The Commission for Organizing the Fortified Regions ((CORF)) is a French military organization created on 30September 1927 by the Minister of War Paul Painlevé to study and carry out border fortification. Maginot Line and Commission for Organising the Fortified Regions are 20th-century fortifications and historic defensive lines.

See Maginot Line and Commission for Organising the Fortified Regions

Compiègne

Compiègne (Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

See Maginot Line and Compiègne

Conscription in Germany

The Federal Republic of Germany had conscription (Wehrpflicht) for male citizens between 1956 and 2011.

See Maginot Line and Conscription in Germany

Cordon sanitaire (international relations)

The seminal use of cordon sanitaire as a metaphor for ideological containment referred to "the system of alliances instituted by France in interwar Europe that stretched from Finland to the Balkans" and which "completely ringed Germany and sealed off Russia from Western Europe, thereby isolating the two politically 'diseased' nations of Europe." French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau is credited with coining the usage, when, in March 1919, he urged the newly independent border states (also called limitrophe states) that had formed in Eastern Europe after World War I to form a defensive union.

See Maginot Line and Cordon sanitaire (international relations)

Czechoslovak border fortifications

Czechoslovakia built a system of border fortifications as well as some fortified defensive lines inland, from 1935 to 1938 as a defensive countermeasure against the rising threat of Nazi Germany. Maginot Line and Czechoslovak border fortifications are 20th-century fortifications, tunnel warfare and World War II defensive lines.

See Maginot Line and Czechoslovak border fortifications

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.

See Maginot Line and Czechoslovakia

Defense line

A defense line or fortification line is a geographically recognizable line of troops and armament, fortified and set up to protect a high-value location or defend territory.

See Maginot Line and Defense line

Dieppe

Dieppe (Norman: Dgieppe) is a coastal commune in the Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, northern France.

See Maginot Line and Dieppe

Drachenbronn Air Base

Drachenbronn Air Base (Base Aérienne 901 Drachenbronn) of the French Air and Space Force is located in the community of Drachenbronn-Birlenbach in the Bas-Rhin département.

See Maginot Line and Drachenbronn Air Base

Duchy of Lorraine

The Duchy of Lorraine (Lorraine; Lothringen), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France.

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Dunkirk

Dunkirk (Dunkerque, Duunkerke, Duinkerke or Duinkerken) is a commune in the department of Nord in northern France.

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Dunkirk evacuation

The Dunkirk evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, or just Dunkirk, was the evacuation of more than 338,000 Allied soldiers during the Second World War from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

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Economy of France

The economy of France is a highly developed social market economy with notable state participation in strategic sectors.

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Economy of Germany

The economy of Germany is a highly developed social market economy.

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Electric generator

In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motion-based power (potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy) into electric power for use in an external circuit.

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Electricity generation

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.

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English Channel

The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France.

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Eric Phipps

Sir Eric Clare Edmund Phipps (27 October 1875 – 13 August 1945) was a British diplomat.

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Exclaim!

Exclaim! is a Canadian music and entertainment publisher based in Toronto, which features in-depth coverage of new music across all genres with a special focus on Canadian and emerging artists.

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Explosive

An explosive (or explosive material) is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure.

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Ferdinand Foch

Ferdinand Foch (2 October 1851 – 20 March 1929) was a French general, Marshal of France and member of the Académie Française.

See Maginot Line and Ferdinand Foch

First Czechoslovak Republic

The First Czechoslovak Republic (První československá republika; Prvá československá republika), often colloquially referred to as the First Republic (První republika; Prvá republika), was the first Czechoslovak state that existed from 1918 to 1938, a union of ethnic Czechs and Slovaks.

See Maginot Line and First Czechoslovak Republic

Flanking maneuver

In military tactics, a flanking maneuver is a movement of an armed force around an enemy force's side, or flank, to achieve an advantageous position over it.

See Maginot Line and Flanking maneuver

Force de dissuasion

The Force de dissuasion ('Deterrence Force'), known as the Force de frappe ('Strike Force') prior to 1961,Gunston, Bill.

See Maginot Line and Force de dissuasion

Fort Ében-Émael

Fort Eben-Emael (Fort d'Ében-Émael) is an inactive Belgian fortress located between Liège and Maastricht, on the Belgian-Dutch border, near the Albert Canal, outside the village of Ében-Émael. Maginot Line and fort Ében-Émael are tunnel warfare.

See Maginot Line and Fort Ében-Émael

Fortification

A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime.

See Maginot Line and Fortification

French Air and Space Force

The French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces.

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French Armed Forces

The French Armed Forces (Forces armées françaises) are the military forces of France.

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French Army

The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (Armée de terre), is the principal land warfare force of France, and the largest component of the French Armed Forces; it is responsible to the Government of France, alongside the French Navy, French Air and Space Force, and the National Gendarmerie.

See Maginot Line and French Army

French franc

The franc (franc français,; sign: F or Fr), also commonly distinguished as the (FF), was a currency of France.

See Maginot Line and French franc

French prisoners of war in World War II

Although no precise estimates exist, the number of French soldiers captured by Nazi Germany during the Battle of France between May and June 1940 is generally recognised around 1.8 million, equivalent to around 10 percent of the total adult male population of France at the time.

See Maginot Line and French prisoners of war in World War II

French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

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French war planning 1920–1940

The Dyle Plan or Plan D was the plan of the Commander-in-Chief of the French Army, Général d'armée Maurice Gamelin, to defeat a German attempt to invade France through Belgium.

See Maginot Line and French war planning 1920–1940

Fungiculture

Fungiculture is the cultivation of fungi such as mushrooms.

See Maginot Line and Fungiculture

German rearmament

German rearmament (Aufrüstung) was a policy and practice of rearmament carried out by Germany from 1918 to 1939, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles which required German disarmament after WWI to prevent it starting another war.

See Maginot Line and German rearmament

GFM cloche

The GFM cloche was one of the most common defensive armaments on the Maginot Line.

See Maginot Line and GFM cloche

Government of France

The Government of France (French: Gouvernement français), officially the Government of the French Republic, exercises executive power in France.

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Grand Est

Grand Est ("Great East") is an administrative region in northeastern France.

See Maginot Line and Grand Est

Harry Saltzman

Herschel "Harry" Saltzman (–) was a Canadian theatre and film producer.

See Maginot Line and Harry Saltzman

Hatten, Bas-Rhin

Hatten (Hàtte) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France, some fifteen kilometres (nine miles) to the south of Wissembourg.

See Maginot Line and Hatten, Bas-Rhin

Investigative journalism

Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, racial injustice, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing.

See Maginot Line and Investigative journalism

Italian invasion of France

The Italian invasion of France (10–25 June 1940), also called the Battle of the Alps, was the first major Italian engagement of World War II and the last major engagement of the Battle of France.

See Maginot Line and Italian invasion of France

JM cloche

The JM cloche was an element of the Maginot Line.

See Maginot Line and JM cloche

Joseph Joffre

Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre, (12 January 1852 – 3 January 1931) was a French general who served as Commander-in-Chief of French forces on the Western Front from the start of World War I until the end of 1916.

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Jute

Jute is a long, rough, shiny bast fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads.

See Maginot Line and Jute

K-W Line

The Koningshooikt–Wavre Line, abbreviated to KW Line (Ligne KW; KW-stelling) and often known as the Dyle Line after the Dijle (Dyle) river, was a -long fortified line of defence prepared by the Belgian Army between Koningshooikt (Province of Antwerp) and Wavre (Province of Brabant) which was intended to protect Brussels from a possible German invasion. Maginot Line and k-W Line are World War II defensive lines.

See Maginot Line and K-W Line

Kenneth Nichols

Kenneth David Nichols CBE (13 November 1907 – 21 February 2000) was an officer in the United States Army, and a civil engineer who worked on the secret Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb during World War II.

See Maginot Line and Kenneth Nichols

Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

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Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941.

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Large-calibre artillery

The formal definition of large-calibre artillery used by the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) is "guns, howitzers, artillery pieces, combining the characteristics of a gun, howitzer, mortar, or rocket, capable of engaging surface targets by delivering primarily indirect fire, with a calibre of and above".

See Maginot Line and Large-calibre artillery

Lauter (Rhine)

The Lauter (in its upper course also: Wieslauter) is a river in Germany and France.

See Maginot Line and Lauter (Rhine)

Le Havre

Le Havre (Lé Hâvre) is a major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France.

See Maginot Line and Le Havre

LG cloche

The LG cloche was a defensive element common to many Maginot Line ouvrages.

See Maginot Line and LG cloche

Light machine gun

A light machine gun (LMG) is a light-weight machine gun designed to be operated by a single infantryman, with or without an assistant, as an infantry support weapon.

See Maginot Line and Light machine gun

Line in the sand

Line in the sand is an idiom, a metaphorical (sometimes literal) point beyond which no further advance will be accepted or made.

See Maginot Line and Line in the sand

List of Alpine Line ouvrages

This is the list of all ouvrages of the Alpine Line or Little Maginot Line along the Franco-Italian border, organized by sector and type of fortification.

See Maginot Line and List of Alpine Line ouvrages

List of French ministers of veterans affairs

The minister of veterans affairs has been a cabinet post in France since just after World War I (1914–18).

See Maginot Line and List of French ministers of veterans affairs

List of Maginot Line ouvrages

Here is the list of all ouvrages of the Maginot Line, organized by sector and type of fortification.

See Maginot Line and List of Maginot Line ouvrages

Locarno Treaties

The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated in Locarno, Switzerland, from 5 to 16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on 1 December, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial settlement, in return for normalizing relations with the defeated German Reich (the Weimar Republic).

See Maginot Line and Locarno Treaties

Lorraine

Lorraine, also,,; Lorrain: Louréne; Lorraine Franconian: Lottringe; Lothringen; Loutrengen; Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Grand Est.

See Maginot Line and Lorraine

Low Countries

The Low Countries (de Lage Landen; les Pays-Bas), historically also known as the Netherlands (de Nederlanden), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Nederland, which is singular).

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the Wehrmacht before and during World War II.

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Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxemburg; Luxembourg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe.

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Machine gun

A machine gun (MG) is a fully automatic and rifled firearm designed for sustained direct fire with rifle cartridges.

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Manganese

Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.

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Manstein Plan

The Manstein Plan or Case Yellow (Fall Gelb; also known after the war as Unternehmen Sichelschnitt a transliteration of the English Operation Sickle Cut), was the war plan of the German armed forces (Wehrmacht) for the Battle of France in 1940.

See Maginot Line and Manstein Plan

Maubeuge

Maubeuge (historical Mabuse or Malbode; Maubeuche) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Maurice Gamelin

Maurice Gustave Gamelin (20 September 1872 – 18 April 1958) was a French general.

See Maginot Line and Maurice Gamelin

Maxime Weygand

Maxime Weygand (21 January 1867 – 28 January 1965) was a French military commander in World War I and World War II, as well as a high ranking member of the Vichy regime.

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Mess

The mess (also called a mess deck aboard ships) is a designated area where military personnel socialize, eat and (in some cases) live.

See Maginot Line and Mess

The Metaxas Line (Grammi Metaxa) was a chain of fortifications constructed along the line of the Greco-Bulgarian border, designed to protect Greece in case of a Bulgarian invasion after the rearmament of Bulgaria. Maginot Line and Metaxas Line are World War II defensive lines.

See Maginot Line and Metaxas Line

Metz

Metz (Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then Mettis) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.

See Maginot Line and Metz

Meuse

The Meuse (Moûze) or Maas (Maos or Maas) is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta.

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Military deception

Military deception (MILDEC) is an attempt by a military unit to gain an advantage during warfare by misleading adversary decision makers into taking action or inaction that creates favorable conditions for the deceiving force.

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Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control

The term Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control was used in a series of peace treaties concluded after the First World War (1914–1918) between different countries.

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Minister of War (France)

The Minister of War (Ministre de la guerre) was the leader and most senior official of the French Ministry of War.

See Maginot Line and Minister of War (France)

Mobilization

Mobilization (alternatively spelled as mobilisation) is the act of assembling and readying military troops and supplies for war.

See Maginot Line and Mobilization

Moselle (department)

Moselle is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department.

See Maginot Line and Moselle (department)

Movie theater

A movie theater (American English), cinema (British English), or cinema hall (Indian English), also known as a movie house, picture house, picture theater or simply theater, is a business that contains auditoria for viewing films (also called movies, motion pictures or "flicks") for public entertainment.

See Maginot Line and Movie theater

Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy.

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Narrow-gauge railway

A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than.

See Maginot Line and Narrow-gauge railway

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

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Natural rubber

Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho, or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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Neutral country

A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO).

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Nightclub

A nightclub is a club that is open at night, usually for drinking, dancing and other entertainment.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion.

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Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)

The military occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany began with the German annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938, continued with the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and by the end of 1944 extended to all parts of Czechoslovakia.

See Maginot Line and Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)

Occupation of the Ruhr

The Occupation of the Ruhr (Ruhrbesetzung) was the period from 11 January 1923 to 25 August 1925 when French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr region of Weimar Republic Germany.

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On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)

On Her Majesty's Secret Service is a 1969 spy film and the sixth in the ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions.

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Operation Northwind (1944)

Operation Northwind (Unternehmen Nordwind) was the last major German offensive of World War II on the Western Front.

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Ouvrage Hochwald

Ouvrage Hochwald is a gros ouvrage of the Maginot Line, one of the largest fortifications in the Line.

See Maginot Line and Ouvrage Hochwald

Ouvrage La Ferté

Ouvrage La Ferté, also known as Ouvrage Villy-La Ferté, is a petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, located in the Fortified Sector of Montmédy, facing Belgium.

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Ouvrage Rochonvillers

Ouvrage Rochonvillers is one of the largest of the Maginot Line fortifications.

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Ouvrage Schoenenbourg

Ouvrage Schoenenbourg is a Maginot Line fortification.

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Passage to Marseille

Passage to Marseille, also known as Message to Marseille, is a 1944 American war film made by Warner Brothers, directed by Michael Curtiz.

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Paul Painlevé

Paul Painlevé (5 December 1863 – 29 October 1933) was a French mathematician and statesman.

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Paul Reynaud

Paul Reynaud (15 October 1878 – 21 September 1966) was a French politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his stances on economic liberalism and militant opposition to Nazi Germany.

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Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.

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Philippe Pétain

Henri Philippe Bénoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), better known as Philippe Pétain and Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who commanded the French Army in World War I and later became the head of the collaborationist regime of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944, during World War II.

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Quai d'Orsay

The Quai d'Orsay is a quay in the 7th arrondissement of Paris.

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Rail yard

A rail yard, railway yard, railroad yard (US) or simply yard, is a series of tracks in a rail network for storing, sorting, or loading and unloading rail vehicles and locomotives.

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Ramsay MacDonald

James Ramsay MacDonald (12 October 18669 November 1937) was a British statesman and politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the first who belonged to the Labour Party, leading minority Labour governments for nine months in 1924 and again between 1929 and 1931.

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Raymond Poincaré

Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, and three times as Prime Minister of France.

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Reichswehr

Reichswehr was the official name of the German armed forces during the Weimar Republic and the first years of the Third Reich.

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Remilitarisation of the Rhineland

The remilitarisation of the Rhineland began on 7 March 1936, when military forces of the German Reich entered the Rhineland, which directly contravened the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties.

See Maginot Line and Remilitarisation of the Rhineland

Reservist

A reservist is a person who is a member of a military reserve force.

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Rhine

--> The Rhine is one of the major European rivers.

See Maginot Line and Rhine

Rhineland

The Rhineland (Rheinland; Rhénanie; Rijnland; Rhingland; Latinised name: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.

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Rittershoffen

Rittershoffen is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Ruhr

The Ruhr (Ruhrgebiet, also Ruhrpott), also referred to as the Ruhr area, sometimes Ruhr district, Ruhr region, or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Rupnik Line

The Rupnik Line (Rupnikova linija), was a line of World War II–era fortifications and weapons installations that Yugoslavia constructed along its terrestrial western and northern border. Maginot Line and Rupnik Line are World War II defensive lines.

See Maginot Line and Rupnik Line

Saarbrücken

Saarbrücken (Saar Bridges; Rhenish Franconian: Sabrigge; Sarrebruck; Saarbrécken; Saravipons) is the capital and largest city of the state of Saarland, Germany.

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Saint-Avold

Saint-Avold (Lorraine Franconian: Sänt Avuur) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Saint-Malo

Saint-Malo (Gallo: Saent-Malô) is a historic French port in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany.

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Schlieffen Plan

The Schlieffen Plan (Schlieffen-Plan) is a name given after the First World War to German war plans, due to the influence of Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen and his thinking on an invasion of France and Belgium, which began on 4 August 1914.

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Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

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Sedan, Ardennes

Sedan is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

See Maginot Line and Sedan, Ardennes

Siegfried Line

The Siegfried Line, known in German as the Westwall (. Maginot Line and Siegfried Line are historic defensive lines.

See Maginot Line and Siegfried Line

Smithsonian (magazine)

Smithsonian is a science and nature magazine (and associated website, SmithsonianMag.com), and is the official journal published by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., although editorially independent from its parent organization.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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SPECTRE

SPECTRE ("Special Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion") is a fictional organisation featured in the James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, as well as films and video games based in the same universe.

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Stephen E. Ambrose

Stephen Edward Ambrose (January 10, 1936 – October 13, 2002) was an American historian, academic, and author, most noted for his biographies of U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon.

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Strait of Dover

The Strait of Dover or Dover Strait (Pas de Calais - Strait of Calais) is the strait at the narrowest part of the English Channel, marking the boundary between the Channel and the North Sea, and separating Great Britain from continental Europe.

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Strasbourg

Strasbourg (Straßburg) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France, at the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

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Syd Cain

Sydney B. Cain (16 April 1918 – 21 November 2011) was a British production designer who worked on more than 30 films, including four in the James Bond series in the 1960s and 1970s.

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The Atlantic

The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See Maginot Line and The Guardian

The Major and the Minor

The Major and the Minor is a 1942 American romantic comedy film starring Ginger Rogers and Ray Milland.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See Maginot Line and The New York Times

The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Thunder Rock (film)

Thunder Rock is a 1942 British drama film directed by Roy Boulting and starring Michael Redgrave and Barbara Mullen, with James Mason and Lilli Palmer in supporting roles.

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Tin

Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn and atomic number 50.

See Maginot Line and Tin

Total war

Total war is a type of warfare that includes any and all (including civilian-associated) resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilises all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs.

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Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919.

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Trench warfare

Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which combatants are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.

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Tunnel

A tunnel is an underground or undersea passageway.

See Maginot Line and Tunnel

Tunnel network

In transport, tunnels can be connected together to form a tunnel network.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

See Maginot Line and United States Army

United States Naval Institute

The United States Naval Institute (USNI) is a private non-profit military association that offers independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national security issues.

See Maginot Line and United States Naval Institute

United States non-interventionism

United States non-interventionism primarily refers to the foreign policy that was eventually applied by the United States between the late 18th century and the first half of the 20th century whereby it sought to avoid alliances with other nations in order to prevent itself from being drawn into wars that were not related to the direct territorial self-defense of the United States.

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VDP cloche

The VDP cloche was an element of the Maginot Line fortifications.

See Maginot Line and VDP cloche

Vosges

The Vosges (Vogesen; Franconian and Vogese) are a range of medium mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany.

See Maginot Line and Vosges

Water table

The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation.

See Maginot Line and Water table

Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

See Maginot Line and Weimar Republic

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maginot_Line

Also known as Armoured cloche, Ligne Maginot, Magniot line.

, Duchy of Lorraine, Dunkirk, Dunkirk evacuation, Eastern Europe, Economy of France, Economy of Germany, Electric generator, Electricity generation, English Channel, Eric Phipps, Exclaim!, Explosive, Ferdinand Foch, First Czechoslovak Republic, Flanking maneuver, Force de dissuasion, Fort Ében-Émael, Fortification, French Air and Space Force, French Armed Forces, French Army, French franc, French prisoners of war in World War II, French Third Republic, French war planning 1920–1940, Fungiculture, German rearmament, GFM cloche, Government of France, Grand Est, Harry Saltzman, Hatten, Bas-Rhin, Investigative journalism, Italian invasion of France, JM cloche, Joseph Joffre, Jute, K-W Line, Kenneth Nichols, Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Romania, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Large-calibre artillery, Lauter (Rhine), Le Havre, LG cloche, Light machine gun, Line in the sand, List of Alpine Line ouvrages, List of French ministers of veterans affairs, List of Maginot Line ouvrages, Locarno Treaties, Lorraine, Low Countries, Luftwaffe, Luxembourg, Machine gun, Manganese, Manstein Plan, Maubeuge, Maurice Gamelin, Maxime Weygand, Mess, Metaxas Line, Metz, Meuse, Military deception, Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control, Minister of War (France), Mobilization, Moselle (department), Movie theater, Munich Agreement, Narrow-gauge railway, NATO, Natural rubber, Nazi Germany, Netherlands, Neutral country, Nickel, Nightclub, Nuclear weapon, Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945), Occupation of the Ruhr, On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film), Operation Northwind (1944), Ouvrage Hochwald, Ouvrage La Ferté, Ouvrage Rochonvillers, Ouvrage Schoenenbourg, Passage to Marseille, Paul Painlevé, Paul Reynaud, Petroleum, Philippe Pétain, Quai d'Orsay, Rail yard, Ramsay MacDonald, Raymond Poincaré, Reichswehr, Remilitarisation of the Rhineland, Reservist, Rhine, Rhineland, Rittershoffen, Ruhr, Rupnik Line, Saarbrücken, Saint-Avold, Saint-Malo, Schlieffen Plan, Second Polish Republic, Sedan, Ardennes, Siegfried Line, Smithsonian (magazine), Soviet Union, SPECTRE, Stephen E. Ambrose, Strait of Dover, Strasbourg, Switzerland, Syd Cain, The Atlantic, The Guardian, The Major and the Minor, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Thunder Rock (film), Tin, Total war, Treaty of Versailles, Trench warfare, Tunnel, Tunnel network, United States Army, United States Naval Institute, United States non-interventionism, VDP cloche, Vosges, Water table, Weimar Republic, Wine cellar, Wissembourg, Wool, World War I, World War I reparations, World War II, Young Plan, 1,000,000,000, 16th Army (Wehrmacht), 1st Army (Wehrmacht), 25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun, 47 mm APX anti-tank gun, 7th Army (Wehrmacht).

Maginot Line, the Glossary

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