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Marguerite de Navarre, the Glossary

Index Marguerite de Navarre

Marguerite de Navarre (Marguerite d'Angoulême, Marguerite d'Alençon; 11 April 149221 December 1549), also known as Marguerite of Angoulême and Margaret of Navarre, was a princess of France, Duchess of Alençon and Berry, and Queen of Navarre by her second marriage to King Henry II of Navarre.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 108 relations: Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Bourbon, Alençon, Angoulême, Angoumois, Anne Boleyn, Anne of Cyprus, Antoine of Navarre, Battle of Pavia, Berry, France, Blois, Capetian dynasty, Catherine Parr, Catholic Church, Charles I, Duke of Bourbon, Charles IV, Duke of Alençon, Charles V of France, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VIII of France, Charles, Count of Angoulême, Château d'Amboise, Châtelain, Claude de Bectoz, Claude of France, Clément Marot, Cognac, France, College of Navarre, Count of Armagnac, Counts and dukes of Alençon, County of Armagnac, Crown lands of France, Denis Diderot, Elizabeth I, Encyclopédie, Erasmus, Erinyes, Ferdinand II of Aragon, François Rabelais, France, Francis I of France, French Renaissance, French Wars of Religion, Gaius Maecenas, Gascony, Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours, Giovanni Boccaccio, Hecatodistichon, Henry II of Navarre, Henry IV of France, Henry VIII, Heptaméron, ... Expand index (58 more) »

  2. 16th-century French dramatists and playwrights
  3. 16th-century French women writers
  4. 16th-century letter writers
  5. Burials at Lescar Cathedral
  6. Countesses of Foix
  7. Duchesses of Alençon
  8. French patrons of the arts
  9. French women short story writers
  10. House of Albret
  11. House of Valois-Alençon
  12. House of Valois-Angoulême
  13. Mothers of Navarrese monarchs
  14. Navarrese royal consorts
  15. Proto-feminists

Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Bourbon

Agnes of Burgundy (1407 – 1 December 1476), duchess of Bourbon (Bourbonnais) and Auvergne, countess of Clermont, was the daughter of John the Fearless (1371–1419) and Margaret of Bavaria.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Bourbon

Alençon

Alençon (Alençoun) is a commune in Normandy, France, and the capital of the Orne department.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Alençon

Angoulême

Angoulême (Poitevin-Saintongeais: Engoulaeme; Engoleime) is a small city in the southwestern French department of Charente, of which it is the prefecture.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Angoulême

Angoumois

Angoumois, historically the County of Angoulême, was a county and province of France, originally inferior to the parent duchy of Aquitaine, similar to the Périgord to its east but lower and generally less forested, equally with occasional vineyards throughout.

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Anne Boleyn

Anne Boleyn (1501 or 1507 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536, as the second wife of King Henry VIII.

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Anne of Cyprus

Anne of Cyprus (or Anne de Lusignan) (24 September 1418 – 11 November 1462) was a Duchess of Savoy by marriage to Louis, Duke of Savoy.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Anne of Cyprus

Antoine of Navarre

Antoine de Bourbon, roi de Navarre (22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562) was the King of Navarre through his marriage (jure uxoris) to Queen Jeanne III, from 1555 until his death.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Antoine of Navarre

Battle of Pavia

The Battle of Pavia, fought on the morning of 24 February 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521–1526 between the Kingdom of France and the Habsburg Empire of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor as well as ruler of Spain, Austria, the Low Countries, and the Two Sicilies.

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Berry, France

The Duchy of Berry was a former province located in central France.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Berry, France

Blois

Blois is a commune and the capital city of Loir-et-Cher department, in Centre-Val de Loire, France, on the banks of the lower Loire river between Orléans and Tours.

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Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty (Capétiens), also known as the "House of France", is a dynasty of Frankish origin, and a branch of the Robertians and the Karlings.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Capetian dynasty

Catherine Parr

Catherine Parr (she signed her letters as Kateryn; 1512 – 5 September 1548) was Queen of England and Ireland as the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 12 July 1543 until Henry's death on 28 January 1547.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Charles I, Duke of Bourbon

Charles de Bourbon (1401 – 4 December 1456) was the oldest son of John I, Duke of Bourbon and Marie, Duchess of Auvergne.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Charles I, Duke of Bourbon

Charles IV, Duke of Alençon

Charles IV of Alençon (2 September 1489 in Alençon – 11 April 1525 in Lyon) was the son of René of Alençon and Margaret of Vaudémont. Marguerite de Navarre and Charles IV, Duke of Alençon are house of Valois-Alençon.

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Charles V of France

Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise (le Sage; Sapiens), was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380. Marguerite de Navarre and Charles V of France are French Roman Catholics.

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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Ghent, 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.

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Charles VIII of France

Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable; 30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498.

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Charles, Count of Angoulême

Charles of Orléans (1459 – 1 January 1496) was the Count of Angoulême from 1467 until his death. Marguerite de Navarre and Charles, Count of Angoulême are house of Valois-Angoulême.

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Château d'Amboise

The Château d'Amboise is a château in Amboise, located in the Indre-et-Loire département of the Loire Valley in France.

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Châtelain

Châtelain (from castellanus, derived from castellum; pertaining to a castle, fortress. Middle English: castellan from Anglo-Norman: castellain and Old French: castelain) was originally the French title for the keeper of a castle.

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Claude de Bectoz

Claude de Bectoz (1490–1547) was a French writer and philosopher of the Renaissance. Marguerite de Navarre and Claude de Bectoz are 16th-century French poets and 16th-century French women writers.

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Claude of France

Claude of France (13 October 1499 – 26 July 1524) reigned as Duchess of Brittany from 1514 until her death in 1524 and was Queen of France from 1515 to 1524 as the wife of King Francis I. She was the eldest daughter of King Louis XII of France and Duchess Anne of Brittany. Marguerite de Navarre and Claude of France are French Roman Catholics.

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Clément Marot

Clément Marot (23 November 1496 – 12 September 1544) was a French Renaissance poet.

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Cognac, France

Cognac (Saintongese: Cougnat; Conhac) is a commune in the Charente department, southwestern France.

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College of Navarre

The College of Navarre (Collège de Navarre) was one of the colleges of the historic University of Paris, rivaling the Sorbonne and renowned for its library.

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Count of Armagnac

The following is a list of rulers of the County of Armagnac.

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Counts and dukes of Alençon

Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Counts and dukes of Alençon

County of Armagnac

The County of Armagnac (Armanhac), situated between the Adour and Garonne rivers in the lower foothills of the Pyrenées, was a historic county of the Duchy of Gascony, established in 601 in Aquitaine (now France).

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Crown lands of France

The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or (in French) domaine royal (from demesne) of France were the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the kings of France.

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Denis Diderot

Denis Diderot (5 October 171331 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

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Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603.

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Encyclopédie

Encyclopedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts and Crafts, better known as Encyclopédie, was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, and translations.

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Erasmus

Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (English: Erasmus of Rotterdam or Erasmus; 28 October c.1466 – 12 July 1536) was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic theologian, educationalist, satirist, and philosopher.

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Erinyes

The Erinyes (sing. Erinys; Ἐρινύες, pl. of Ἐρινύς), also known as the Eumenides (commonly known in English as the Furies), are chthonic goddesses of vengeance in ancient Greek religion and mythology.

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Ferdinand II of Aragon

Ferdinand II (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516) was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516.

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François Rabelais

François Rabelais (born between 1483 and 1494; died 1553) was a French writer who has been called the first great French prose author. Marguerite de Navarre and François Rabelais are French Roman Catholics.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Francis I of France

Francis I (er|; Françoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. Marguerite de Navarre and Francis I of France are French Roman Catholics and house of Valois-Angoulême.

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French Renaissance

The French Renaissance was the cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th and early 17th centuries.

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French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598.

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Gaius Maecenas

Gaius Cilnius Maecenas (13 April 68 BC – 8 BC) was a friend and political advisor to Octavian (who later reigned as emperor Augustus).

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Gascony

Gascony (Gascogne; Gasconha; Gaskoinia) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453).

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Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours

Gaston de Foix, duc de Nemours (10 December 1489 – 11 April 1512), nicknamed The Thunderbolt of Italy, was a famed French military commander of the Renaissance.

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Giovanni Boccaccio

Giovanni Boccaccio (16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist.

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Hecatodistichon

Hecatodistichon was a poem written in 1550 by the Seymour sisters, Jane, Anne and Margaret.

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Henry II of Navarre

Henry II (18 April 1503 – 25 May 1555), nicknamed Sangüesino because he was born at Sangüesa, was the King of Navarre from 1517, although his kingdom had been reduced to a small territory north of the Pyrenees by the Spanish conquest of 1512. Marguerite de Navarre and Henry II of Navarre are Burials at Lescar Cathedral.

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Henry IV of France

Henry IV (Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. Marguerite de Navarre and Henry IV of France are French Roman Catholics.

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Henry VIII

Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547.

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Heptaméron

The Heptaméron is a collection of 72 short stories written in French by Marguerite de Navarre (1492–1549), published posthumously in 1558.

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House of Bourbon

The House of Bourbon (also) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France.

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House of Rohan

The House of Rohan (Roc'han) is a Breton family of viscounts, later dukes and princes in the French nobility, coming from the locality of Rohan in Brittany.

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House of Valois

The Capetian house of Valois (also) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty.

See Marguerite de Navarre and House of Valois

Huguenots

The Huguenots were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism.

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Jane Seymour

Jane Seymour (c. 150824 October 1537) was Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year.

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Jean Clouet

Jean (or Janet) Clouet (1480–1541) was a miniaturist and painter who worked in France during the High Renaissance.

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Jeanne d'Albret

Jeanne d'Albret (Basque: Joana Albretekoa; Occitan: Joana de Labrit; 16 November 1528 – 9 June 1572), also known as Jeanne III, was Queen of Navarre from 1555 to 1572. Marguerite de Navarre and Jeanne d'Albret are 16th-century French women writers and house of Albret.

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Jeanne d'Angoulême

Jeanne d'Angoulême, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (– after 1531/1538), Dame de Givry, Baroness of Pagny and of Mirebeau, was an illegitimate half-sister of King Francis I of France and princess Marguerite de Navarre. Marguerite de Navarre and Jeanne d'Angoulême are 16th-century French nobility, house of Valois-Angoulême and people from Angoulême.

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John Calvin

John Calvin (Jehan Cauvin; Jean Calvin; 10 July 150927 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

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John IV, Duke of Brittany

John IV the Conqueror KG (in Breton Yann IV, in French Jean IV, and traditionally in English sources both John of Montfort and John V) (1339 – 1 November 1399), was Duke of Brittany and Count of Montfort from 1345 until his death and 7th Earl of Richmond from 1372 until his death.

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John, Count of Angoulême

John of Orléans, Count of Angoulême and of Périgord (26 June 1399 – 30 April 1467), was a younger son of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, and Valentina Visconti, and a grandson of Charles V of France. Marguerite de Navarre and John, Count of Angoulême are house of Valois-Angoulême.

See Marguerite de Navarre and John, Count of Angoulême

Juana Enríquez

Juana Enriquez, 5th Lady of Casarrubios del Monte (1425 – 13 February 1468) was Queen of Aragon and de facto Queen consort of Navarre as the wife of King John II. Marguerite de Navarre and Juana Enríquez are mothers of Navarrese monarchs and Navarrese royal consorts.

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Jules Michelet

Jules Michelet (21 August 1798 – 9 February 1874) was a French historian and writer.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Jules Michelet

Julián Íñiguez de Medrano

Julián Íñiguez de Medrano y Ocáriz (Estella, Navarre 1520s–1585-1588?) was an author, knight and courtier of the kings of Navarre, poet, and playwright of the Spanish Golden Age, lord of Maumusson, and became part of the court of Queen Margaret of Valois in Nérac.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Julián Íñiguez de Medrano

Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period.

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Kingdom of Navarre

The Kingdom of Navarre, originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), between present-day Spain and France.

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Lady-in-waiting

A lady-in-waiting (alternatively written lady in waiting) or court lady is a female personal assistant at a court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman.

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Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.

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List of counts and dukes of Vendôme

Count of Vendôme and, later, Duke of Vendôme were titles of French nobility.

See Marguerite de Navarre and List of counts and dukes of Vendôme

List of Navarrese royal consorts

This is a list of those men and women who have been royal consorts of the Kingdom of Navarre. Marguerite de Navarre and list of Navarrese royal consorts are Navarrese royal consorts.

See Marguerite de Navarre and List of Navarrese royal consorts

Lords, counts and dukes of Perche

The county of Perche was a medieval county lying between Normandy and Maine.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Lords, counts and dukes of Perche

Louis I, Duke of Orléans

Louis I of Orléans (13 March 1372 – 23 November 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death in 1407.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Louis I, Duke of Orléans

Louis XII

Louis XII (27 June 14621 January 1515) was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. Marguerite de Navarre and Louis XII are French Roman Catholics.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Louis XII

Louis, Duke of Savoy

Ludovico I or Louis I (Italian: Lodovico; 24 February 1413 – 29 January 1465) was Duke of Savoy from 1440 until his death in 1465.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Louis, Duke of Savoy

Louise of Savoy

Louise of Savoy (11 September 1476 – 22 September 1531) was a French noble and regent, Duchess suo jure of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours and the mother of King Francis I and Marguerite of Navarre. Marguerite de Navarre and Louise of Savoy are 16th-century French nobility.

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Lower Navarre

Lower Navarre (Nafarroa Beherea/Baxenabarre; Gascon/Bearnese: Navarra Baisha; Basse-Navarre; Baja Navarra) is a traditional region of the present-day French département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

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Madeleine of Valois

Madeleine of Valois (10 August 1520 – 7 July 1537) was a French princess who briefly became Queen of Scotland in 1537 as the first wife of King James V. The marriage was arranged in accordance with the Treaty of Rouen, and they were married at Notre-Dame de Paris in January 1537, despite French reservations over her failing health. Marguerite de Navarre and Madeleine of Valois are house of Valois-Angoulême.

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Magnanimity

Magnanimity (from Latin magnanimitās, from magna "big" + animus "soul, spirit") is the virtue of being great of mind and heart.

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Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483)

Margaret of Bourbon (5 February 1438 – 24 April 1483) was the daughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon (1401–1456) and Agnes of Burgundy (1407–1476).

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Margaret of Valois

Margaret of Valois (Marguerite, 14 May 1553 – 27 March 1615), popularly known as La Reine Margot, was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became Queen of Navarre by marriage to Henry III of Navarre and then also Queen of France at her husband's 1589 accession to the latter throne as Henry IV. Marguerite de Navarre and Margaret of Valois are 16th-century French women writers, Countesses of Foix, French Roman Catholics, house of Valois-Angoulême and Navarrese royal consorts.

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Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry

Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry (French: Marguerite de Valois) (5 June 1523 – 15 September 1574) was Duchess of Savoy by marriage to Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy. Marguerite de Navarre and Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry are house of Valois-Angoulême.

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Marie Dentière

Marie Dentière (–1561) was a Walloon Protestant reformer and theologian, who moved to Geneva.

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Miroir de l'âme pécheresse

Miroir de l’âme pécheresse ("Mirror of the Sinful Soul") is a 1531 poem by Marguerite d'Angoulême.

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Odos

Odos (Audòs) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Odos

Papal States

The Papal States (Stato Pontificio), officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa; Status Ecclesiasticus), were a conglomeration of territories on the Apennine Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope from 756 to 1870.

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Philip II, Duke of Savoy

Philip II (5 February 1438 – 7 November 1497), surnamed the Landless, was the Duke of Savoy for a brief reign from 1496 to 1497.

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Pierre Bayle

Pierre Bayle (18 November 1647 – 28 December 1706) was a French philosopher, author, and lexicographer.

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Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme

Pierre de Bourdeille (– 15 July 1614), called the seigneur et abbé de Brantôme, was a French memoirist, soldier and biographer.

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Pierre de Ronsard

Pierre de Ronsard (11 September 1524 – 27 December 1585) was a French poet or, as his own generation in France called him, a "prince of poets". Marguerite de Navarre and Pierre de Ronsard are 16th-century French poets.

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Primogeniture

Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative.

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Princess

Princess is a title used by a female member of a monarch's family or by a female ruler.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.

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Queen regnant

A queen regnant (queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank, title and position to a king.

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Ravenna

Ravenna (also; Ravèna, Ravêna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy.

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Reformation

The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.

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Reformed Christianity

Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation, a schism in the Western Church.

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Salon (gathering)

A salon is a gathering of people held by a host.

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Samuel Putnam

Samuel Putnam (October 10, 1892 – January 15, 1950) was an American translator and scholar of Romance languages.

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Seine

The Seine is a river in northern France.

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Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre

The Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was initiated by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by his grandson and successor Charles V in a series of military campaigns lasting from 1512 to 1524.

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St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

The St.

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The Miroir or Glasse of the Synneful Soul

The Miroir or Glasse of the Synneful Soul is a manuscript book that was given to Katherine Parr by her stepdaughter, the future Elizabeth I of England in 1544, when Elizabeth was eleven years old.

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Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans

Valentina Visconti (1371 – 4 December 1408) was a countess of Vertus, and duchess consort of Orléans as the wife of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, the younger brother of King Charles VI of France.

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Venice

Venice (Venezia; Venesia, formerly Venexia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

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Voltaire

François-Marie Arouet (21 November 169430 May 1778), known by his nom de plume M. de Voltaire (also), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian.

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Wallonia

Wallonia (Wallonie), officially the Walloon Region (Région wallonne), is one of the three regions of Belgium—along with Flanders and Brussels.

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Will Durant

William James Durant (November 5, 1885 – November 7, 1981) was an American historian and philosopher, best known for his 11-volume work, The Story of Civilization, which contains and details the history of Eastern and Western civilizations.

See Marguerite de Navarre and Will Durant

William Farel

William Farel (1489 – 13 September 1565), Guilhem Farel or Guillaume Farel, was a French evangelist, Protestant reformer and a founder of the Calvinist Church in the Principality of Neuchâtel, in the Republic of Geneva, and in Switzerland in the Canton of Bern and the (then occupied by Bern) Canton of Vaud.

See Marguerite de Navarre and William Farel

See also

16th-century French dramatists and playwrights

16th-century French women writers

16th-century letter writers

Burials at Lescar Cathedral

Countesses of Foix

Duchesses of Alençon

French patrons of the arts

French women short story writers

House of Albret

House of Valois-Alençon

House of Valois-Angoulême

Mothers of Navarrese monarchs

Navarrese royal consorts

Proto-feminists

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_de_Navarre

Also known as Margaret of Angoulême, Margaret of Valois-Angoulême, Margherita di Navarra, Marguerite Angouleme, Marguerite d'Angoulême, Marguerite de France (1492-1549), Marguerite de Navarre (1492-1549), Marguerite de Valois-Angouleme, Marguerite of Angoulême, Marguerite of Navarre, Marguerite of Navarre (Sicilian queen), Marguerite of Valois-Angouleme, Markéta Navarrská, Queen Marguerite, Queen Marguerite de Navarre.

, House of Bourbon, House of Rohan, House of Valois, Huguenots, Jane Seymour, Jean Clouet, Jeanne d'Albret, Jeanne d'Angoulême, John Calvin, John IV, Duke of Brittany, John, Count of Angoulême, Juana Enríquez, Jules Michelet, Julián Íñiguez de Medrano, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Navarre, Lady-in-waiting, Leonardo da Vinci, List of counts and dukes of Vendôme, List of Navarrese royal consorts, Lords, counts and dukes of Perche, Louis I, Duke of Orléans, Louis XII, Louis, Duke of Savoy, Louise of Savoy, Lower Navarre, Madeleine of Valois, Magnanimity, Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483), Margaret of Valois, Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry, Marie Dentière, Miroir de l'âme pécheresse, Odos, Papal States, Philip II, Duke of Savoy, Pierre Bayle, Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme, Pierre de Ronsard, Primogeniture, Princess, Protestantism, Queen regnant, Ravenna, Reformation, Reformed Christianity, Salon (gathering), Samuel Putnam, Seine, Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre, St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, The Miroir or Glasse of the Synneful Soul, Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans, Venice, Voltaire, Wallonia, Will Durant, William Farel.