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Mari, Syria, the Glossary

Mari (Cuneiform:, ma-riki, modern Tell Hariri; تل حريري) was an ancient Semitic city-state in modern-day Syria.^[1]

150 relations: Abu Kamal, Adad-nirari III, Afghanistan, Akkadian Empire, Akkadian language, Al-Fadghami, Amorite language, Amorites, Anatolia, Ancient Egypt, Andarig, André Parrot, Ansud, Anu, Ashur-bel-kala, Ashur-dan III, Assyria, Babylon, Babylonia, Bedouin, Bronze Age, Canal, Chronology of the ancient Near East, Circular rampart, City-state, Crete, Cuneiform, Cyprus, Dagon, Deir ez-Zor, Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Deir ez-Zor Museum, Dumuzid, Dyeing, East Semitic languages, Ebla, Eblaite language, Ediciones Akal, Ekallatum, Elam, Emar, Enki, Enlil, Epigraphy, Eshnunna, Euphrates, ʿAṯtar, Fertile Crescent, French Third Republic, Georges Dossin, ... Expand index (100 more) »
29th-century BC establishments
Amorite cities
Ancient Levant
Archaeological sites in Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Bronze Age sites in Syria
Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)
Kish civilization
Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC
States and territories disestablished in the 18th century BC
States and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC

Abu Kamal

Abu Kamal (ʾAbū Kamāl) or Al-Bukamal (al-Būkamāl) is a city on the Euphrates river in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate of eastern Syria near the border with Iraq.

See Mari, Syria and Abu Kamal

Adad-nirari III

Adad-nīrārī III (also Adad-nārārī, meaning "Adad (the storm god) is my help") was a King of Assyria from 811 to 783 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Adad-nirari III

Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

See Mari, Syria and Afghanistan

The Akkadian Empire was the first known ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer. Mari, Syria and Akkadian Empire are ancient Levant and states and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC.

See Mari, Syria and Akkadian Empire

Akkadian language

Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.

See Mari, Syria and Akkadian language

Al-Fadghami

Al-Fadghami (الفدغمي) is a village in southern al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Al-Fadghami

Amorite language

Amorite is an extinct early Semitic language, formerly spoken during the Bronze Age by the Amorite tribes prominent in ancient Near Eastern history.

See Mari, Syria and Amorite language

Amorites

The Amorites (author-link, Pl. XXVIII e+i|MAR.TU; Amurrūm or Tidnum Tidnum; ʾĔmōrī; Ἀμορραῖοι) were an ancient Northwest Semitic-speaking Bronze Age people from the Levant. Mari, Syria and Amorites are ancient Levant, states and territories disestablished in the 18th century BC and states and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC.

See Mari, Syria and Amorites

Anatolia

Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.

See Mari, Syria and Anatolia

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.

See Mari, Syria and Ancient Egypt

Andarig

Andarig or Andariq was a Middle Bronze Age kingdom in the Sinjar Plain region of northern Mesopotamia, located between the Habur and Tigris river. Mari, Syria and Andarig are former kingdoms.

See Mari, Syria and Andarig

André Parrot

André Charles Ulrich Parrot (15 February 1901 – 24 August 1980) was a French archaeologist specializing in the ancient Near East.

See Mari, Syria and André Parrot

Ansud

Ansud (also read as Ianupu, Yanup, Anubu, Gansud, Anusu and Hanusum), was an early king (Lugal) of the second Mariote kingdom who reigned c. 2423-2416 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Ansud

Anu

Anu (𒀭𒀭, from 𒀭 an "Sky", "Heaven") or Anum, originally An (𒀭), was the divine personification of the sky, king of the gods, and ancestor of many of the deities in ancient Mesopotamian religion.

See Mari, Syria and Anu

Ashur-bel-kala

Aššūr-bēl-kala, inscribed maš-šur-EN-ka-la and meaning “Aššur is lord of all,” was the king of Assyria 1074/3–1056 BC, the 89th to appear on the Assyrian Kinglist.

See Mari, Syria and Ashur-bel-kala

Ashur-dan III

Ashur-dan III (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform:, meaning "Ashur is strong") was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 773 BC to his death in 755 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Ashur-dan III

Assyria

Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Mari, Syria and Assyria are ancient Levant and states and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC.

See Mari, Syria and Assyria

Babylon

Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad. Mari, Syria and Babylon are Amorite cities and Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC.

See Mari, Syria and Babylon

Babylonia

Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran). Mari, Syria and Babylonia are ancient Levant.

See Mari, Syria and Babylonia

Bedouin

The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (singular) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq).

See Mari, Syria and Bedouin

Bronze Age

The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Bronze Age

Canal

Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi).

See Mari, Syria and Canal

Chronology of the ancient Near East

The chronology of the ancient Near East is a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties.

See Mari, Syria and Chronology of the ancient Near East

Circular rampart

A circular rampart is an embankment built in the shape of a circle that was used as part of the defences for a military fortification, hill fort or refuge, or was built for religious purposes or as a place of gathering.

See Mari, Syria and Circular rampart

City-state

A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. Mari, Syria and city-state are city-states.

See Mari, Syria and City-state

Crete

Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.

See Mari, Syria and Crete

Cuneiform

Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.

See Mari, Syria and Cuneiform

Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

See Mari, Syria and Cyprus

Dagon

Dagon (דָּגוֹן, Dāgōn) or Dagan (𒀭𒁕𒃶; Dāgān) was a god worshipped in ancient Syria across the middle of the Euphrates, with primary temples located in Tuttul and Terqa, though many attestations of his cult come from cities such as Mari and Emar as well.

See Mari, Syria and Dagon

Deir ez-Zor

Deir ez-Zor (Dayru z-Zawr / Dayru z-Zūr; Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ, Dayrāʾ Zəʿōrtāʾ) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country.

See Mari, Syria and Deir ez-Zor

Deir ez-Zor Governorate

Deir ez-Zor Governorate (مُحافظة دير الزور / ALA-LC: Muḥāfaẓat Dayr az-Zawr) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Deir ez-Zor Governorate

Deir ez-Zor Museum

The Deir ez-Zor Museum (متحف دير الزور) is a museum devoted to the archaeology and history of northeastern Syria, an area more commonly known as the Jezirah, or Upper Mesopotamia.

See Mari, Syria and Deir ez-Zor Museum

Dumuzid

Dumuzid or Dumuzi or Tammuz (𒌉𒍣|Dumuzid; italic; Tammūz), known to the Sumerians as Dumuzid the Shepherd (𒌉𒍣𒉺𒇻|Dumuzid sipad) and to the Canaanites as '''Adon''' (Proto-Hebrew: 𐤀𐤃𐤍), is an ancient Mesopotamian and Levantine deity associated with agriculture and shepherds, who was also the first and primary consort of the goddess Inanna (later known as Ishtar).

See Mari, Syria and Dumuzid

Dyeing

Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness.

See Mari, Syria and Dyeing

East Semitic languages

The East Semitic languages are one of three divisions of the Semitic languages.

See Mari, Syria and East Semitic languages

Ebla

Ebla (Sumerian: eb₂-la, إبلا., modern: تل مرديخ, Tell Mardikh) was one of the earliest kingdoms in Syria. Mari, Syria and Ebla are Amorite cities, ancient Levant, former kingdoms, former populated places in Syria, Kish civilization and tells (archaeology).

See Mari, Syria and Ebla

Eblaite language

Eblaite (also known as Eblan ISO 639-3), or Palaeosyrian, is an extinct East Semitic language used during the 3rd millennium BC in Northern Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Eblaite language

Ediciones Akal

Ediciones Akal is a Spanish publisher founded in Madrid in 1972 by Ramón Akal González.

See Mari, Syria and Ediciones Akal

Ekallatum

Ekallatum (Akkadian: 𒌷𒂍𒃲𒈨𒌍, URUE2.GAL.MEŠ, Ekallātum, "the Palaces") was an ancient Amorite city-state and kingdom in upper Mesopotamia.

See Mari, Syria and Ekallatum

Elam

Elam (Linear Elamite: hatamti; Cuneiform Elamite:; Sumerian:; Akkadian:; עֵילָם ʿēlām; 𐎢𐎺𐎩 hūja) was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. Mari, Syria and Elam are states and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC.

See Mari, Syria and Elam

Emar

Emar, is an archaeological site at Tell Meskene in the Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. Mari, Syria and Emar are Amorite cities and former populated places in Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Emar

Enki

Enki (𒀭𒂗𒆠) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (gestú), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.

See Mari, Syria and Enki

Enlil

Enlil, later known as Elil and Ellil, is an ancient Mesopotamian god associated with wind, air, earth, and storms.

See Mari, Syria and Enlil

Epigraphy

Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.

See Mari, Syria and Epigraphy

Eshnunna

Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar in Diyala Governorate, Iraq) was an ancient Sumerian (and later Akkadian) city and city-state in central Mesopotamia 12.6 miles northwest of Tell Agrab and 15 miles northwest of Tell Ishchali. Mari, Syria and Eshnunna are early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), former kingdoms, Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC and states and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC.

See Mari, Syria and Eshnunna

Euphrates

The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.

See Mari, Syria and Euphrates

ʿAṯtar

ʿAṯtar is a deity whose role, name, and even gender varied across ancient Semitic religion.

See Mari, Syria and ʿAṯtar

Fertile Crescent

The Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran.

See Mari, Syria and Fertile Crescent

French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

See Mari, Syria and French Third Republic

Georges Dossin

Georges Gilles Joseph Dossin (4 February 1896, in Wandre, near Liège – 8 December 1983, in Liège) was a Belgian archaeologist, Assyriologist and art historian.

See Mari, Syria and Georges Dossin

Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) is a British-based mass media company owning various media operations including The Guardian and The Observer.

See Mari, Syria and Guardian Media Group

Hadad

Hadad (𐎅𐎄|translit.

See Mari, Syria and Hadad

Hammurabi

Hammurabi (𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉|translit.

See Mari, Syria and Hammurabi

Haydar

Haydar (حيدر), also spelt Hajdar, Hayder, Heidar, Haider, Heydar, Haidr, and other variants, is an Arabic male given name, also used as a surname, meaning "lion".

See Mari, Syria and Haydar

Hellenistic period

In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.

See Mari, Syria and Hellenistic period

High priest

The term "high priest" usually refers either to an individual who holds the office of ruler-priest, or to one who is the head of a religious organisation.

See Mari, Syria and High priest

Hit, Iraq

Hit or Heet (هيت, Hīt) is an Iraqi city in Al Anbar Governorate.

See Mari, Syria and Hit, Iraq

Hurrian language

Hurrian is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language spoken by the Hurrians (Khurrites), a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly vanished by 1000 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Hurrian language

Ibbi-Sipish

Ibbi-Sipish or Ibbi-Zikir (c. 23rd century BC) was the vizier of Ebla for king Ishar-Damu for 17 years.

See Mari, Syria and Ibbi-Sipish

Iblul-Il

Iblul-Il (reigned c. 2380 BC), was the most energetic king (Lugal) of the second Mariote kingdom, noted for his extensive campaigns in the middle Euphrates valley against the Eblaites, and in the upper Tigris region against various opponents, which asserted the Mariote supremacy in the Syrian north.

See Mari, Syria and Iblul-Il

Ibrium

Ibrium (2322–2302 BC), also spelt Ebrium, was the vizier of Ebla for king Irkab-Damu and his successor Isar-Damu.

See Mari, Syria and Ibrium

Ignace Gelb

Ignace Jay Gelb (October 14, 1907 – December 22, 1985) was a Polish-American ancient historian and Assyriologist who pioneered the scientific study of writing systems.

See Mari, Syria and Ignace Gelb

Igrish-Halam

Igrish-Halam or Igriš-Halab, was a king of the ancient city state of Ebla.

See Mari, Syria and Igrish-Halam

Ila-kabkabu

The Amorite name Ila-kabkabu appears twice in the Assyrian King List.

See Mari, Syria and Ila-kabkabu

Inanna

Inanna is the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility.

See Mari, Syria and Inanna

Investiture of Zimri-Lim

The Investiture of Zimri-Lim is a large colorful mural discovered at the Royal Palace of the ancient city-state of Mari in eastern Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Investiture of Zimri-Lim

Iranian Plateau

The Iranian Plateau or Persian Plateau is a geological feature spanning parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. It makes up part of the Eurasian Plate, and is wedged between the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Köpet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains to the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south, and the Indian subcontinent to the east.

See Mari, Syria and Iranian Plateau

Irkab-Damu

Irkab-Damu (reigned c. 2340 BC), was the king (Malikum) of the first Eblaite kingdom, whose era saw Ebla's turning into the dominant power in the Levant.

See Mari, Syria and Irkab-Damu

Ishi-Addu

Išḫi-Addu or Ishi-Addu was king of Qatna in the first half of the 18th century BC.

See Mari, Syria and Ishi-Addu

Ishqi-Mari

Ishqi-Mari or Ishgi-Mari (iš11-gi4-ma-rí), previously read Lamgi-Mari, was a King of the second Mariote kingdom who reigned c. 2350-2330 BCE.

See Mari, Syria and Ishqi-Mari

Ishtarat

Ishtarat was a Semitic deity worshipped in the city of Mari, Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Ishtarat

Ishtup-Ilum

Ishtup-Ilum, also Ishtup-El (Ish-dub-ilum, c. 2147–2136 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as Shakkanakku in northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire.

See Mari, Syria and Ishtup-Ilum

Ishtup-Ishar

Ishtup-Ishar (Ištup-Išar) was a king (Lugal) of the second Mariote kingdom who reigned c. 2400 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Ishtup-Ishar

Islamic State

The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state.

See Mari, Syria and Islamic State

Itūr-Mēr

Itūr-Mēr was a Mesopotamian god worshiped in the kingdom of Mari, and after its fall in the kingdom of Khana, especially in Terqa.

See Mari, Syria and Itūr-Mēr

Jean-Marie Durand

Jean-Marie Durand (13 November 1940) is a French Assyriologist.

See Mari, Syria and Jean-Marie Durand

Khabur (Euphrates)

The Khabur River is the largest perennial tributary to the Euphrates in Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Khabur (Euphrates)

Kingdom of Khana

The Kingdom of Khana or Kingdom of Hana (late 18th century BC – mid-17th century BC) was the Syrian kingdom from Hana Land in the middle Euphrates region north of Mari, which included the ancient city of Terqa.

See Mari, Syria and Kingdom of Khana

Kish (Sumer)

Kish (Kiš;; cuneiform: 𒆧𒆠; Kiššatu, near modern Tell al-Uhaymir) is an important archaeological site in Babil Governorate (Iraq), located south of Baghdad and east of the ancient city of Babylon. Mari, Syria and Kish (Sumer) are former kingdoms and Kish civilization.

See Mari, Syria and Kish (Sumer)

Kish civilization

According to a theory proposed by Ignace Gelb, the Kish civilization encompassed the sites of Ebla and Mari in the Levant, Nagar in the north, and the proto-Akkadian sites of Abu Salabikh and Kish in central Mesopotamia in to the early East Semitic era in Mesopotamia and the Levant.

See Mari, Syria and Kish civilization

Kun-Damu

Kun-Damu (also Qum-Damu) was a king (Malikum) of the first Eblaite kingdom ruling c. 2400 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Kun-Damu

Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

See Mari, Syria and Lebanon

Levant

The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.

See Mari, Syria and Levant

List of cities of the ancient Near East

The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. Mari, Syria and List of cities of the ancient Near East are city-states.

See Mari, Syria and List of cities of the ancient Near East

List of Mesopotamian deities

Deities in ancient Mesopotamia were almost exclusively anthropomorphic.

See Mari, Syria and List of Mesopotamian deities

Louvre

The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum, is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world.

See Mari, Syria and Louvre

Lugal

(Sumerian) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler".

See Mari, Syria and Lugal

Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; al-intidāb al-faransīalā sūriyā wa-lubnān, also referred to as the Levant States; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria and Lebanon.

See Mari, Syria and Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

Manishtushu

Manishtushu (Man-ištušu) (Ma-an-ish-tu-su) c. 2270-2255 BC (middle chronology) was the third (or possibly second) king of the Akkadian Empire, reigning 15 years from c. 2270 BC until his death in c. 2255 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Manishtushu

Mediterranean Basin

In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin, also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.

See Mari, Syria and Mediterranean Basin

Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

See Mari, Syria and Mediterranean Sea

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.

See Mari, Syria and Mesopotamia

Michael Astour

Michael Czernichow Astour (December 17, 1916 Kharkov – October 7, 2004 St. Louis) was professor of Yiddish and Russian literature at Brandeis University and from 1969 professor of history (classical civilization and the ancient Near East) at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville.

See Mari, Syria and Michael Astour

Naram-Sin of Akkad

Naram-Sin, also transcribed Narām-Sîn or Naram-Suen (𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪: DNa-ra-am DSîn, meaning "Beloved of the Moon God Sîn", the "𒀭" a determinative marking the name of a god), was a ruler of the Akkadian Empire, who reigned –2218 BC (middle chronology), and was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad.

See Mari, Syria and Naram-Sin of Akkad

National Geographic

National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.

See Mari, Syria and National Geographic

National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world.

See Mari, Syria and National Geographic Society

National Museum of Aleppo

The National Museum of Aleppo (متحف حلب الوطني) is the largest museum in the city of Aleppo, Syria, and was founded in 1931.

See Mari, Syria and National Museum of Aleppo

National Museum of Damascus

The National Museum of Damascus (الْمَتْحَفُ الْوَطَنِيُّ بِدِمَشْقَ) is a museum in the heart of Damascus, Syria.

See Mari, Syria and National Museum of Damascus

Neo-Assyrian Empire

The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history. Mari, Syria and Neo-Assyrian Empire are ancient Levant.

See Mari, Syria and Neo-Assyrian Empire

Ninhursag

Ninḫursaĝ (𒀭𒎏𒄯𒊕 Ninḫarsang), sometimes transcribed Ninursag, Ninḫarsag, or Ninḫursaĝa, also known as Damgalnuna or Ninmah, was the ancient Sumerian mother goddess of the mountains, and one of the seven great deities of Sumer.

See Mari, Syria and Ninhursag

Northwest Semitic languages

Northwest Semitic is a division of the Semitic languages comprising the indigenous languages of the Levant.

See Mari, Syria and Northwest Semitic languages

Oligarchy

Oligarchy is a conceptual form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people.

See Mari, Syria and Oligarchy

Ornina

Ur-Nanshe (also called Ornina) was a singer of Ishtar's temple in the kingdom of Mari.

See Mari, Syria and Ornina

Prophecy

In religion, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a prophet) by a supernatural entity.

See Mari, Syria and Prophecy

Qatna

Qatna (modern: تل المشرفة, Tell al-Mishrifeh; also Tell Misrife or Tell Mishrifeh) was an ancient city located in Homs Governorate, Syria. Mari, Syria and Qatna are Amorite cities, ancient Levant, Bronze Age sites in Syria, former kingdoms, former populated places in Syria and tells (archaeology).

See Mari, Syria and Qatna

Raqqa

Raqqa (ar-Raqqah, also) is a city in Syria on the left bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo.

See Mari, Syria and Raqqa

Royal Palace of Mari

The Royal Palace of Mari was the royal residence of the rulers of the ancient kingdom of Mari in eastern Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Royal Palace of Mari

Sacred enclosure

In the study of the history of religions and anthropology, a sacred enclosure refers to any structure intended to separate two spaces: a sacred space and a profane space.

See Mari, Syria and Sacred enclosure

Saʿumu

Saʿumu was a king (Lugal) of the second Mariote kingdom who reigned c. 2416–2400 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Saʿumu

Sargon of Akkad

Sargon of Akkad (𒊬𒊒𒄀|Šarrugi), also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.

See Mari, Syria and Sargon of Akkad

Scribe

A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing.

See Mari, Syria and Scribe

Semitic people

Semitic people or Semites is an obsolete term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group by: "In linguistics context, the term "Semitic" is generally speaking non-controversial...

See Mari, Syria and Semitic people

Shakkanakku

Shakkanakku (Sumerian:, GIR.NITA or šagina,, Shakkanakku), was an Akkadian-language title designating a military governor.

See Mari, Syria and Shakkanakku

Shamash

Shamash (Akkadian: šamaš), also known as Utu (Sumerian: dutu "Sun") was the ancient Mesopotamian sun god.

See Mari, Syria and Shamash

Shamshi-Adad I

Shamshi-Adad (Šamši-Adad; Amorite: Shamshi-Addu), ruled 1808–1776 BC, was an Amorite warlord and conqueror who had conquered lands across much of Syria, Anatolia, and Upper Mesopotamia.

See Mari, Syria and Shamshi-Adad I

Shar-Kali-Sharri

Shar-Kali-Sharri (DShar-ka-li-Sharri) reigned c. 2217–2193 BC (middle chronology) as the ruler of the Akkadian Empire.

See Mari, Syria and Shar-Kali-Sharri

Shibtu

Shibtu (reigned 1775 BC – 1761 BC) was the wife of Zimrilim and queen consort of the ancient city-state of Mari in modern-day Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Shibtu

Smelting

Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product.

See Mari, Syria and Smelting

South Asia

South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.

See Mari, Syria and South Asia

Statue of Iddi-Ilum

The Statue of Iddi-Ilum is a 21st-century BCE statue of the praying figure of Iddi-ilum (i-ti-ilum), the military governor, or Shakkanakku, of the ancient city-state of Mari in eastern Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Statue of Iddi-Ilum

Suhum

Suhum (Sūḫu, or Suhi) was an ancient geographic region around the middle course of the Euphrates River, south of Mari (modern-day Tell Hariri, Syria).

See Mari, Syria and Suhum

Sumer

Sumer is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. Mari, Syria and Sumer are states and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC.

See Mari, Syria and Sumer

Sumerian language

Sumerian (Also written 𒅴𒄀 eme-gi.ePSD2 entry for emegir.|'native language'|) was the language of ancient Sumer.

See Mari, Syria and Sumerian language

Sumu-Epuh

Sumu-Epuh (reigned Middle chronology) is the first attested king of Yamhad (Halab).

See Mari, Syria and Sumu-Epuh

Suteans

The Suteans (Akkadian: Sutī’ū, possibly from Amorite: Šetī’u) were a nomadic Semitic people who lived throughout the Levant, Canaan and Mesopotamia, specifically in the region of Suhum, during the Old Babylonian period. Mari, Syria and Suteans are ancient Levant.

See Mari, Syria and Suteans

Sweyhat

Tell es-Sweyhat is the name of a large archaeological site on the Euphrates River in northern Syria. Mari, Syria and Sweyhat are Bronze Age sites in Syria and former populated places in Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Sweyhat

Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

See Mari, Syria and Syria

Syria (region)

Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: Sura/i; Συρία; ܣܘܪܝܐ) or Sham (Ash-Shām) is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant.

See Mari, Syria and Syria (region)

Syrian civil war

The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.

See Mari, Syria and Syrian civil war

Tell (archaeology)

In archaeology a tell (borrowed into English from تَلّ,, "mound" or "small hill") is an artificial topographical feature, a mound consisting of the accumulated and stratified debris of a succession of consecutive settlements at the same site, the refuse of generations of people who built and inhabited them and natural sediment. Mari, Syria and tell (archaeology) are tells (archaeology).

See Mari, Syria and Tell (archaeology)

Tell Leilan

Tell Leilan is an archaeological site situated near the Wadi Jarrah in the Khabur River basin in Al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. Mari, Syria and Tell Leilan are former populated places in Syria and tells (archaeology).

See Mari, Syria and Tell Leilan

Terqa

Terqa is the name of an ancient city discovered at the site of Tell Ashara on the banks of the middle Euphrates in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Syria, approximately from the modern border with Iraq and north of the ancient site of Mari, Syria. Mari, Syria and Terqa are archaeological sites in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Bronze Age sites in Syria and former populated places in Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Terqa

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See Mari, Syria and The Guardian

Third Dynasty of Ur

The Third Dynasty of Ur, also called the Neo-Sumerian Empire, refers to a 22nd to 21st century BC (middle chronology) Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state which some historians consider to have been a nascent empire. Mari, Syria and Third Dynasty of Ur are states and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC.

See Mari, Syria and Third Dynasty of Ur

Tourism in Syria

Although Syria has some of the oldest cities in Western Asia, such as Damascus and Aleppo (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), tourism in Syria has greatly reduced as a result of the Syrian War, that began in 2011 and is ongoing, and its associated refugee crisis.

See Mari, Syria and Tourism in Syria

Tropical year

A tropical year or solar year (or tropical period) is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the sky – as viewed from the Earth or another celestial body of the Solar System – thus completing a full cycle of astronomical seasons.

See Mari, Syria and Tropical year

Tukulti-Ninurta I

Tukulti-Ninurta I (meaning: "my trust is in Ninurta"; reigned 1243–1207 BC) was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian Empire.

See Mari, Syria and Tukulti-Ninurta I

Tutelary deity

A tutelary (also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation.

See Mari, Syria and Tutelary deity

Tuttul

Tuttul (Akkadian: tu-ut-tu-ulki, Ugaritic: 𐎚𐎚𐎍 –) was an ancient Near East city. Mari, Syria and Tuttul are Bronze Age sites in Syria and former populated places in Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Tuttul

Ur

Ur was an important Sumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar (mound of bitumen) in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern Iraq. Mari, Syria and Ur are city-states.

See Mari, Syria and Ur

Ur-Nammu

Ur-Nammu (or Ur-Namma, Ur-Engur, Ur-Gur, Sumerian:, ruled c. 2112 BC – 2094 BC middle chronology) founded the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, following several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule.

See Mari, Syria and Ur-Nammu

Urkesh

Urkesh, also transliterated Urkish (Akkadian: 𒌨𒆧𒆠 UR.KIŠKI, 𒌨𒋙𒀭𒄲𒆠 UR.KEŠ3KI; modern Tell Mozan; تل موزان), is a tell, or settlement mound, located in the foothills of the Taurus Mountains in Al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. Mari, Syria and Urkesh are Bronze Age sites in Syria, former kingdoms, former populated places in Syria and tells (archaeology).

See Mari, Syria and Urkesh

Weather god

A weather god or goddess, also frequently known as a storm god or goddess, is a deity in mythology associated with weather phenomena such as thunder, snow, lightning, rain, wind, storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes.

See Mari, Syria and Weather god

West Semitic languages

The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of ancient Semitic languages.

See Mari, Syria and West Semitic languages

Yaggid-Lim

Iagitlim was king of Mari, Syria during the 19th century BC.

See Mari, Syria and Yaggid-Lim

Yahdun-Lim

Yahdunlim (or Yakhdunlim, Yahdun-Lim) was the king of Mari probably in 1820—1796 BC.

See Mari, Syria and Yahdun-Lim

Yamhad

Yamhad (Yamḫad) was an ancient Semitic-speaking kingdom centered on Ḥalab (Aleppo) in Syria. Mari, Syria and Yamhad are Amorite cities and former kingdoms.

See Mari, Syria and Yamhad

Yarim-Lim I

Yarim-Lim I, also given as Yarimlim, (reigned) was the second king of the ancient Amorite kingdom of Yamhad in modern-day Aleppo, Syria.

See Mari, Syria and Yarim-Lim I

Yasmah-Adad

Yasmah-Adad (Yasmah-Addu, Yasmakh-Adad, Ismah-Adad, Iasmakh-Adad) was the younger son of the Amorite king of Upper Mesopotamia, Shamshi-Adad I. He was put on throne of Mari by his father after a successful military attack following the assassination of Yahdun-Lim of Mari in 1796 B.C.E. He was responsible for the southwestern section of his father's kingdom (of which Mari was the capital), including the Balikh River, Habur River, and Euphrates River.

See Mari, Syria and Yasmah-Adad

Zimri-Lim

Zimri-Lim (Akkadian: 𒍣𒅎𒊑𒇷𒅎 Zi-im-ri Li-im) was king of Mari c. 1767–1752 BCE.

See Mari, Syria and Zimri-Lim

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari,_Syria

Also known as Mari (Tell Hariri), Mari Tablets, Mari letters, Mari syria, Mariote, Tell Hariri, The second kingdom of Mari.

, Guardian Media Group, Hadad, Hammurabi, Haydar, Hellenistic period, High priest, Hit, Iraq, Hurrian language, Ibbi-Sipish, Iblul-Il, Ibrium, Ignace Gelb, Igrish-Halam, Ila-kabkabu, Inanna, Investiture of Zimri-Lim, Iranian Plateau, Irkab-Damu, Ishi-Addu, Ishqi-Mari, Ishtarat, Ishtup-Ilum, Ishtup-Ishar, Islamic State, Itūr-Mēr, Jean-Marie Durand, Khabur (Euphrates), Kingdom of Khana, Kish (Sumer), Kish civilization, Kun-Damu, Lebanon, Levant, List of cities of the ancient Near East, List of Mesopotamian deities, Louvre, Lugal, Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, Manishtushu, Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean Sea, Mesopotamia, Michael Astour, Naram-Sin of Akkad, National Geographic, National Geographic Society, National Museum of Aleppo, National Museum of Damascus, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Ninhursag, Northwest Semitic languages, Oligarchy, Ornina, Prophecy, Qatna, Raqqa, Royal Palace of Mari, Sacred enclosure, Saʿumu, Sargon of Akkad, Scribe, Semitic people, Shakkanakku, Shamash, Shamshi-Adad I, Shar-Kali-Sharri, Shibtu, Smelting, South Asia, Statue of Iddi-Ilum, Suhum, Sumer, Sumerian language, Sumu-Epuh, Suteans, Sweyhat, Syria, Syria (region), Syrian civil war, Tell (archaeology), Tell Leilan, Terqa, The Guardian, Third Dynasty of Ur, Tourism in Syria, Tropical year, Tukulti-Ninurta I, Tutelary deity, Tuttul, Ur, Ur-Nammu, Urkesh, Weather god, West Semitic languages, Yaggid-Lim, Yahdun-Lim, Yamhad, Yarim-Lim I, Yasmah-Adad, Zimri-Lim.

Mari, Syria, the Glossary

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