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Marine protists, the Glossary

Marine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.^[1]

235 relations: Abyssal zone, Acantharea, Acetabularia, Agglutination (biology), Algae, Algal bloom, Alveolate, Ammonia tepida, Ammonium, Amoeba, Amoebozoa, Animal, Apicomplexa, Arcella, Archaeplastida, Autotroph, Bacterioplankton, Biodiversity, Biogeochemical cycle, Biomass (ecology), Blepharisma, Blepharisma japonicum, Brackish water, Brown algae, Calcium carbonate, Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide, Caulerpa taxifolia, Cavalier-Smith's system of classification, Cell biology, Cell growth, Cell nucleus, Cell signaling, Cell wall, Chaos (genus), Chemotroph, Chiton, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella vulgaris, Chloroplast, Choanoflagellate, Chytridiomycota, Ciliate, Cilium, Class (biology), Coccolith, Coccolithophore, Coccolithus, Colony (biology), Coral reef, ... Expand index (185 more) »
Marine organisms
Microorganisms
Protista

Abyssal zone

The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. Marine protists and abyssal zone are marine biology.

See Marine protists and Abyssal zone

Acantharea

The Acantharea (Acantharia) are a group of radiolarian protozoa, distinguished mainly by their strontium sulfate skeletons.

See Marine protists and Acantharea

Acetabularia

Acetabularia is a genus of green algae in the family Polyphysaceae.

See Marine protists and Acetabularia

Agglutination (biology)

Agglutination is the clumping of particles.

See Marine protists and Agglutination (biology)

Algae

Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.

See Marine protists and Algae

Algal bloom

An algal bloom or algae bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems. Marine protists and algal bloom are biological oceanography.

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Alveolate

The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") are a group of protists, considered a major clade and superphylum within Eukarya.

See Marine protists and Alveolate

Ammonia tepida

Ammonia tepida is a benthic foraminifer living in the sediment of brackish waters.

See Marine protists and Ammonia tepida

Ammonium

Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom.

See Marine protists and Ammonium

An amoeba (less commonly spelled ameba or amœba;: amoebas (less commonly, amebas) or amoebae (amebae)), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods. Marine protists and amoeba are microorganisms and protista.

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Amoebozoa

Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae.

See Marine protists and Amoebozoa

Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Apicomplexa

The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia; single: apicomplexan) are organisms of a large phylum of mainly parasitic alveolates.

See Marine protists and Apicomplexa

Arcella

Arcella is a genus of testate amoebae in the order Arcellinida, usually found in freshwaters and mosses, and rarely in soils.

See Marine protists and Arcella

Archaeplastida

The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae sensu lato "in a broad sense"; pronounced) are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the photoautotrophic red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, land plants, and the minor group glaucophytes.

See Marine protists and Archaeplastida

Autotroph

An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds, which can be used by other organisms.

See Marine protists and Autotroph

Bacterioplankton

Bacterioplankton refers to the bacterial component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. Marine protists and Bacterioplankton are biological oceanography and Planktology.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.

See Marine protists and Biodiversity

Biogeochemical cycle

A biogeochemical cycle, or more generally a cycle of matter, is the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth's crust.

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Biomass (ecology)

Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.

See Marine protists and Biomass (ecology)

Blepharisma

Blepharisma is a genus of unicellular ciliate protists found in fresh and salt water.

See Marine protists and Blepharisma

Blepharisma japonicum

Blepharisma japonicum is a species of protozoan that can be found either in water or soil in Japan.

See Marine protists and Blepharisma japonicum

Brackish water

Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater.

See Marine protists and Brackish water

Brown algae

Brown algae (alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class Phaeophyceae. Marine protists and Brown algae are biological oceanography.

See Marine protists and Brown algae

Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

See Marine protists and Calcium carbonate

Carbon cycle

The carbon cycle is that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

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Caulerpa taxifolia

Caulerpa taxifolia is a species of green seaweed, an alga of the genus Caulerpa, native to tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea.

See Marine protists and Caulerpa taxifolia

Cavalier-Smith's system of classification

The initial version of a classification system of life by British zoologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith appeared in 1978.

See Marine protists and Cavalier-Smith's system of classification

Cell biology

Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells.

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Cell growth

Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume.

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Cell nucleus

The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

See Marine protists and Cell nucleus

Cell signaling

In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment.

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Cell wall

A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane.

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Chaos (genus)

Chaos is a genus of single-celled amoeboid organisms in the family Amoebidae.

See Marine protists and Chaos (genus)

Chemotroph

A chemotroph Greek words “chemo” (meaning chemical) and “troph” (meaning nourishment) is an organism that obtains energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. Marine protists and chemotroph are Planktology.

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Chiton

Chitons are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora, formerly known as Amphineura.

See Marine protists and Chiton

Chlamydomonas

Chlamydomonas is a genus of green algae consisting of about 150 speciesSmith, G. M. 1955 Cryptogamic Botany Volume 1.

See Marine protists and Chlamydomonas

Chlorella vulgaris

Chlorella vulgaris is a species of green microalga in the division Chlorophyta.

See Marine protists and Chlorella vulgaris

Chloroplast

A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.

See Marine protists and Chloroplast

Choanoflagellate

The choanoflagellates are a group of free-living unicellular and colonial flagellate eukaryotes considered to be the closest living relatives of the animals.

See Marine protists and Choanoflagellate

Chytridiomycota

Chytridiomycota are a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids.

See Marine protists and Chytridiomycota

Ciliate

The ciliates are a group of alveolates characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella.

See Marine protists and Ciliate

Cilium

The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell.

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Class (biology)

In biological classification, class (classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank.

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Coccolith

Coccoliths are individual plates or scales of calcium carbonate formed by coccolithophores (single-celled phytoplankton such as Emiliania huxleyi) and cover the cell surface arranged in the form of a spherical shell, called a coccosphere.

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Coccolithophore

Coccolithophores, or coccolithophorids, are single-celled organisms which are part of the phytoplankton, the autotrophic (self-feeding) component of the plankton community. Marine protists and coccolithophore are Planktology.

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Coccolithus

Coccolithus is a genus of unicellular haptophytes.

See Marine protists and Coccolithus

Colony (biology)

In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another.

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Coral reef

A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.

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Coscinodiscophyceae

The Coscinodiscophyceae are a class(s) of diatoms.

See Marine protists and Coscinodiscophyceae

Cryptista

Cryptista is a clade of alga-like eukaryotes.

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Cryptomonad

The cryptomonads (or cryptophytes) are a group of algae, most of which have plastids.

See Marine protists and Cryptomonad

Crystal structure

In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material.

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Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.

See Marine protists and Cyanobacteria

Cyphoderia

Cyphoderia is a genus of marine cercozoa.

See Marine protists and Cyphoderia

Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.

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Cytostome

A cytostome (from cyto-, cell and stome-, mouth) or cell mouth is a part of a cell specialized for phagocytosis, usually in the form of a microtubule-supported funnel or groove.

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Diatom

A diatom (Neo-Latin diatoma) is any member of a large group comprising several genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.

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Diatomaceous earth

Diatomaceous earth, diatomite, celite or kieselgur/kieselguhr is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that can be crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder.

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Dictyochales

The silicoflagellates (order Dictyochales) are a small group of unicellular photosynthetic protists, or algae, belonging to the supergroup of eukaryotes known as Stramenopiles.

See Marine protists and Dictyochales

Dinoflagellate

The dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered protists.

See Marine protists and Dinoflagellate

Dinoflagellate luciferase

Dinoflagellate luciferase (Gonyaulax luciferase) is a specific luciferase, an enzyme with systematic name dinoflagellate-luciferin:oxygen 132-oxidoreductase.

See Marine protists and Dinoflagellate luciferase

Dinophysis

Dinophysis is a genus of dinoflagellatesAlgaeBase: common in tropical, temperate, coastal and oceanic waters.

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Dinophysis acuminata

Dinophysis acuminata is a marine plankton species of dinoflagellates that is found in coastal waters of the north Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

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Dinophysis acuta

Dinophysis acuta is a species of flagellated planktons belonging to the genus Dinophysis.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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DNA sequencing

DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA.

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Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt.

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Endosymbiont

An endosymbiont or endobiont is an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism.

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Environmental DNA

Environmental DNA or eDNA is DNA that is collected from a variety of environmental samples such as soil, seawater, snow or air, rather than directly sampled from an individual organism.

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Eocene

The Eocene is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma).

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Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist.

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Erythrobacter

Erythrobacter is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria genus from the family Erythrobacteraceae.

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Estuary

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

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Euglena

Euglena is a genus of single cell flagellate eukaryotes.

See Marine protists and Euglena

Euglenid

Euglenids or euglenoids are one of the best-known groups of flagellates.

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Euglenozoa

Euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate Discoba.

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Eukaryote

The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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Excavata

Excavata is an extensive and diverse but paraphyletic group of unicellular Eukaryota. Marine protists and Excavata are protista.

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Flagellate

A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella.

See Marine protists and Flagellate

Flagellum

A flagellum (flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility.

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Foraminifera

Foraminifera (Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of Rhizarian protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "test") of diverse forms and materials.

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Fragilidium

Fragilidium is a genus of dinoflagellates belonging to the family Pyrocystaceae.

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Frustule

A frustule is the hard and porous cell wall or external layer of diatoms.

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Fungus

A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Gamete

A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.

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Gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria).

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

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Gephyrocapsa huxleyi

Gephyrocapsa huxleyi, formerly called Emiliania huxleyi, is a species of coccolithophore found in almost all ocean ecosystems from the equator to sub-polar regions, and from nutrient rich upwelling zones to nutrient poor oligotrophic waters.

See Marine protists and Gephyrocapsa huxleyi

Gephyrocapsa oceanica

Gephyrocapsa oceanica is a species of coccolithophorid.

See Marine protists and Gephyrocapsa oceanica

Golden algae

The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae, are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater.

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Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.

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Green algae

The green algae (green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta.

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Gromia sphaerica

Gromia sphaerica is a large spherical testate amoeba, a single-celled eukaryotic organism and the largest of its genus, Gromia.

See Marine protists and Gromia sphaerica

Gymnodinium

Gymnodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates, a type of marine and freshwater plankton.

See Marine protists and Gymnodinium

Haptista

Haptista is a proposed group of protists made up of centrohelids and haptophytes. Marine protists and Haptista are protista.

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Harmful algal bloom

A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means. Marine protists and harmful algal bloom are biological oceanography.

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Heterocapsa

Heterocapsa is a genus of dinoflagellates belonging to the family Heterocapsaceae.

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Heterotroph

A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.

See Marine protists and Heterotroph

HMS Rattlesnake (1822)

HMS Rattlesnake was an 28-gun sixth-rate corvette of the Royal Navy launched in 1822.

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Holdfast (biology)

A holdfast is a root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate.

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Homology (biology)

In biology, homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.

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Incertae sedis

of uncertain placement or problematica is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.

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Intestacy

Intestacy is the condition of the estate of a person who dies without having in force a valid will or other binding declaration.

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Invasive species

An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment.

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Karenia brevis

Karenia brevis is a microscopic, single-celled, photosynthetic organism in the genus Karenia.

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Karl Brandt (zoologist)

Andreas Heinrich Karl Brandt (23 May 1854, Schönebeck near Magdeburg – 7 January 1931, Kiel) was a German zoologist and marine biologist.

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Karlodinium

Karlodinium is a genus of athecate dinoflagellates that lives worldwide.

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Kelp

Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales.

See Marine protists and Kelp

Kingdom (biology)

In biology, a kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain.

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Kleptoplasty

Kleptoplasty or kleptoplastidy is a process in symbiotic relationships whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host.

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Labyrinthulomycetes

Labyrinthulomycetes (ICBN) or Labyrinthulea (ICZN) is a class of protists that produce a network of filaments or tubes, which serve as tracks for the cells to glide along and absorb nutrients for them.

See Marine protists and Labyrinthulomycetes

Lineage (evolution)

An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant.

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Lingulodinium polyedra

Lingulodinium polyedra is a species of motile photosynthetic dinoflagellates. L. polyedra are often the cause of red tides in southern California, leading to bioluminescent displays on beaches at night.

See Marine protists and Lingulodinium polyedra

Lithotroph

Lithotrophs are a diverse group of organisms using an inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.

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Macrocystis

Macrocystis is a monospecific genus of kelp (large brown algae) with all species now synonymous with Macrocystis pyrifera.

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Macroscopic scale

The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible with the naked eye, without magnifying optical instruments.

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Marine biogeochemical cycles

Marine biogeochemical cycles are biogeochemical cycles that occur within marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Marine protists and marine biogeochemical cycles are marine organisms.

See Marine protists and Marine biogeochemical cycles

Marine food web

A marine food web is a food web of marine life.

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Marine habitat

A marine habitat is a habitat that supports marine life. Marine protists and marine habitat are biological oceanography and marine biology.

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Marine prokaryotes

|style. Marine protists and Marine prokaryotes are biological oceanography, marine biology, marine organisms, microorganisms and Planktology.

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Marine sediment

Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor.

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Marine snow

In the deep ocean, marine snow (also known as "ocean dandruff") is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Marine protists and marine snow are biological oceanography.

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Meiosis

Meiosis ((since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid).

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Melt pond

Melt ponds are pools of open water that form on sea ice in the warmer months of spring and summer.

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Merck Veterinary Manual

The Merck Veterinary Manual is a reference manual of animal health care.

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Mesodinium rubrum

Mesodinium rubrum (or Myrionecta rubra) is a species of ciliates. Marine protists and Mesodinium rubrum are marine biology.

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Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

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A metachronal rhythm or metachronal wave refers to wavy movements produced by the sequential action (as opposed to synchronized) of structures such as cilia, segments of worms, or legs.

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Microalgae

Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae invisible to the naked eye. Marine protists and Microalgae are biological oceanography and Planktology.

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Microbial loop

The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation into bacterial biomass, and then coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton-zooplankton-nekton.

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Microbiological culture

A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.

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Microfossil

A microfossil is a fossil that is generally between 0.001 mm and 1 mm in size, the visual study of which requires the use of light or electron microscopy.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Marine protists and microorganism are microorganisms.

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Million years ago

Million years ago, abbreviated as Mya, Myr (megayear) or Ma (megaannum), is a unit of time equal to (i.e. years), or approximately 31.6 teraseconds.

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Mitochondrion

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.

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Mixed layer

The oceanic or limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths.

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Mixotroph

A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon, instead of having a single trophic mode on the continuum from complete autotrophy at one end to heterotrophy at the other.

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Molecular motor

Molecular motors are natural (biological) or artificial molecular machines that are the essential agents of movement in living organisms.

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Motility

Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.

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Multicellular organism

A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.

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Nassellaria

Nassellaria is an order of Rhizaria belonging to the class Radiolaria.

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Natural History Museum, London

The Natural History Museum in London is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history.

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Noctiluca scintillans

Noctiluca scintillans is a marine species of dinoflagellate that can exist in a green or red form, depending on the pigmentation in its vacuoles.

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Nucleation

In thermodynamics, nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or structure via self-assembly or self-organization within a substance or mixture.

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Nummulite

A nummulite is a large lenticular fossil, characterised by its numerous coils, subdivided by septa into chambers.

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Nutrient cycle

A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter.

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Obazoa

Obazoa is a proposed sister clade of Amoebozoa (which together form Amorphea).

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Ochromonas

Ochromonas is a genus of algae belonging to the family Ochromonadaceae.

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Oligotrich

The oligotrichs are a group of ciliates, included among the spirotrichs.

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Oodinium

Oodinium is a genus of parasitic dinoflagellates.

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Oomycete

The Oomycetes, or Oomycota, form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms within the Stramenopiles.

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Organelle

In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function.

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Organotroph

An organotroph is an organism that obtains hydrogen or electrons from organic substrates.

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Osmotrophy

Osmotrophy is a feeding mechanism involving the movement of dissolved organic compounds by osmosis for nutrition.

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Oxytricha

Oxytricha is a genus of ciliates in the family Oxytrichidae.

See Marine protists and Oxytricha

Paramecium

Paramecium (plural "paramecia" only when used as a vernacular name) is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments.

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Paramecium bursaria

Paramecium bursaria is a species of ciliate found in marine and brackish waters.

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Paraphyly

Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages.

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Parasitism

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Particulates

Particulates or atmospheric particulate matter (see below for other names) are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.

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Pennales

The order Pennales is a traditional subdivision of the heterokont algae known as diatoms. Marine protists and Pennales are biological oceanography and Planktology.

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Phaeocystis

Phaeocystis is a genus of algae belonging to the Prymnesiophyte class and to the larger division of Haptophyta.

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Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.

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Photoheterotroph

Photoheterotrophs (Gk: photo.

See Marine protists and Photoheterotroph

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.

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Phototroph

Phototrophs are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates) and acquire energy.

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Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems. Marine protists and Phytoplankton are biological oceanography and Planktology.

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Plastid

A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms.

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Polycystine

The polycystines are a group of radiolarians.

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Polymorphism (biology)

In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.

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Polyphyly

A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor.

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Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food.

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Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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Primary nutritional groups

Primary nutritional groups are groups of organisms, divided in relation to the nutrition mode according to the sources of energy and carbon, needed for living, growth and reproduction.

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Prokaryote

A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Prorocentrales

The Prorocentrales are a small order of dinoflagellates.

See Marine protists and Prorocentrales

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protist

A protist or protoctist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus. Marine protists and protist are protista.

See Marine protists and Protist

Protozoa

Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.

See Marine protists and Protozoa

Prymnesium parvum

Prymnesium parvum is a species of haptophyte (also collectively called Prymnesiophyta).

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Pseudopodia

A pseudopod or pseudopodium (pseudopods or pseudopodia) is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement.

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Pyramimonas

Pyramimonas is a genus of green algae in the order Pyramimonadales.

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R/K selection theory

In ecology, selection theory relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of offspring.

See Marine protists and R/K selection theory

Radiolaria

The Radiolaria, also called Radiozoa, are protozoa of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions of endoplasm and ectoplasm.

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Red algae

Red algae, or Rhodophyta, make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.

See Marine protists and Red algae

Remineralisation

In biogeochemistry, remineralisation (or remineralization) refers to the breakdown or transformation of organic matter (those molecules derived from a biological source) into its simplest inorganic forms.

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Remote sensing

Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation.

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Rhizaria

The Rhizaria are a diverse and species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes.

See Marine protists and Rhizaria

Roseobacter

In taxonomy, Roseobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Saline water

Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly sodium chloride).

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Saprotrophic nutrition

Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter.

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SAR supergroup

SAR or Harosa is a highly diverse clade of eukaryotes, often considered a supergroup, that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and rhizarians. Marine protists and SAR supergroup are protista.

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Scanning electron microscope

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

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Scintillon

Scintillons are small structures in cytoplasm that produce light.

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Seaweed

Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae.

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Sessility (motility)

Sessility is the biological property of an organism describing its lack of a means of self-locomotion.

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Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14.

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Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, commonly found in nature as quartz.

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Slime mold

Slime mold or slime mould is an informal name given to a polyphyletic assemblage of unrelated eukaryotic organisms in the Stramenopiles, Rhizaria, Discoba, Amoebozoa and Holomycota clades.

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Spermatozoon

A spermatozoon (also spelled spermatozoön;: spermatozoa) is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.

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Spiculosiphon oceana

Spiculosiphon oceana is a giant species of foraminifera (a phylum of unicellular eukaryotes).

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Sponge

Sponges (also known as sea sponges), the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts.

See Marine protists and Sponge

Sterkiella histriomuscorum

Sterkiella histriomuscorum, formerly Oxytricha trifallax, is a ciliate species in the genus Sterkiella, known for its highly fragmented genomes which have been used as a model for ciliate genetics.

See Marine protists and Sterkiella histriomuscorum

Stramenopile

The Stramenopiles, also called Heterokonts, are a clade of organisms distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs. Marine protists and Stramenopile are protista.

See Marine protists and Stramenopile

Strontium sulfate

Strontium sulfate (SrSO4) is the sulfate salt of strontium.

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Stylonychia

Stylonychia is a genus of ciliates, in the subclass Hypotrichia.

See Marine protists and Stylonychia

Sulfur cycle

The important sulfur cycle is a biogeochemical cycle in which the sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems.

See Marine protists and Sulfur cycle

Surfing

Surfing is a surface water sport in which an individual, a surfer (or two in tandem surfing), uses a board to ride on the forward section, or face, of a moving wave of water, which usually carries the surfer towards the shore.

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Symbiosis

Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

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Syracosphaera azureaplaneta

Syracosphaera azureaplaneta is a species of coccolithophore.

See Marine protists and Syracosphaera azureaplaneta

Tara expedition

The Tara expedition is an oceanic research expedition.

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Telonema

Telonema is a genus of single-celled organisms.

See Marine protists and Telonema

Test (biology)

In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical marine animals and protists, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae. Marine protists and test (biology) are marine biology.

See Marine protists and Test (biology)

Testate amoebae

Testate amoebae (formerly thecamoebians, Testacea or Thecamoeba) are a polyphyletic group of unicellular amoeboid protists, which differ from naked amoebae in the presence of a test that partially encloses the cell, with an aperture from which the pseudopodia emerge, that provides the amoeba with shelter from predators and environmental conditions.

See Marine protists and Testate amoebae

The Blue Planet

The Blue Planet is a British nature documentary series created and co-produced by the BBC and Discovery Channel.

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Thomas Henry Huxley

Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist and anthropologist who specialized in comparative anatomy.

See Marine protists and Thomas Henry Huxley

Tintinnid

Tintinnids are ciliates of the choreotrich order Tintinnida, distinguished by vase-shaped shells, the name deriving from a Latin source meaning a small tinkling bell, that are called loricae, which are mostly protein but may incorporate minute pieces of minerals.

See Marine protists and Tintinnid

Transcriptome

The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells.

See Marine protists and Transcriptome

Tripos (dinoflagellate)

Tripos is a genus of marine dinoflagellates in the family Ceratiaceae.

See Marine protists and Tripos (dinoflagellate)

Trophic level

The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web.

See Marine protists and Trophic level

Turing pattern

The Turing pattern is a concept introduced by English mathematician Alan Turing in a 1952 paper titled "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" which describes how patterns in nature, such as stripes and spots, can arise naturally and autonomously from a homogeneous, uniform state.

See Marine protists and Turing pattern

Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.

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Undulipodium

An undulipodium or undulopodium (Greek: "swinging foot"; plural undulipodia), or a 9+2 organelle is a motile filamentous extracellular projection of eukaryotic cells.

See Marine protists and Undulipodium

Unicellular organism

A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Marine protists and unicellular organism are microorganisms.

See Marine protists and Unicellular organism

Unigene Laboratories

Unigene Laboratories (OTC:UGNE) was a biopharmaceutical company, engaged in the research and development of peptides for medical purposes.

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University College London

University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.

See Marine protists and University College London

Velvet (fish disease)

Velvet disease (also called gold-dust, rust and coral disease) is a fish disease caused by dinoflagellate parasites of the genera Amyloodinium in marine fish, and Oodinium in freshwater fish.

See Marine protists and Velvet (fish disease)

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a species of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacteria.

See Marine protists and Vibrio cholerae

Xenophyophorea

Xenophyophorea is a clade of foraminiferans.

See Marine protists and Xenophyophorea

Zoochlorella

Zoochlorella (zoochlorellae) is a coloquial term for any green algae that lives symbiotically within the body of an aquatic invertebrate animal or a protozoan.

See Marine protists and Zoochlorella

Zooflagellate

In some older systems of classification, Zoomastigophora is a phylum (more commonly known as zooflagellates) within the kingdom Protista.

See Marine protists and Zooflagellate

Zooplankton

Zooplankton are the animal (or heterotrophic) component of the planktonic community (the "zoo-" prefix comes from), having to consume other organisms to thrive. Marine protists and Zooplankton are biological oceanography and Planktology.

See Marine protists and Zooplankton

Zooxanthellae

Zooxanthellae (zooxanthella) is a colloquial term for single-celled dinoflagellates that are able to live in symbiosis with diverse marine invertebrates including demosponges, corals, jellyfish, and nudibranchs.

See Marine protists and Zooxanthellae

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_protists

Also known as Marine protist, Marine protista, Marine protozoa, Marine protozoan, Marine protozoans, Marine radiolaria, Marine radiolarian, Marine radiolarians, Planktonic protist, Planktonic protists.

, Coscinodiscophyceae, Cryptista, Cryptomonad, Crystal structure, Cyanobacteria, Cyphoderia, Cytoplasm, Cytostome, Diatom, Diatomaceous earth, Dictyochales, Dinoflagellate, Dinoflagellate luciferase, Dinophysis, Dinophysis acuminata, Dinophysis acuta, DNA, DNA sequencing, Egyptian pyramids, Endosymbiont, Environmental DNA, Eocene, Ernst Haeckel, Erythrobacter, Estuary, Euglena, Euglenid, Euglenozoa, Eukaryote, Excavata, Flagellate, Flagellum, Foraminifera, Fragilidium, Frustule, Fungus, Gamete, Gammaproteobacteria, Genome, Gephyrocapsa huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Golden algae, Golgi apparatus, Green algae, Gromia sphaerica, Gymnodinium, Haptista, Harmful algal bloom, Heterocapsa, Heterotroph, HMS Rattlesnake (1822), Holdfast (biology), Homology (biology), Incertae sedis, Intestacy, Invasive species, Karenia brevis, Karl Brandt (zoologist), Karlodinium, Kelp, Kingdom (biology), Kleptoplasty, Labyrinthulomycetes, Lineage (evolution), Lingulodinium polyedra, Lithotroph, Macrocystis, Macroscopic scale, Marine biogeochemical cycles, Marine food web, Marine habitat, Marine prokaryotes, Marine sediment, Marine snow, Meiosis, Melt pond, Merck Veterinary Manual, Mesodinium rubrum, Metabolism, Metachronal rhythm, Microalgae, Microbial loop, Microbiological culture, Microfossil, Microorganism, Million years ago, Mitochondrion, Mixed layer, Mixotroph, Molecular motor, Motility, Multicellular organism, Nassellaria, Natural History Museum, London, Noctiluca scintillans, Nucleation, Nummulite, Nutrient cycle, Obazoa, Ochromonas, Oligotrich, Oodinium, Oomycete, Organelle, Organotroph, Osmotrophy, Oxytricha, Paramecium, Paramecium bursaria, Paraphyly, Parasitism, Particulates, Pennales, Phaeocystis, Phagocytosis, Photoheterotroph, Photosynthesis, Phototroph, Phytoplankton, Plastid, Polycystine, Polymorphism (biology), Polyphyly, Polysaccharide, Predation, Primary nutritional groups, Prokaryote, Prorocentrales, Protein, Protist, Protozoa, Prymnesium parvum, Pseudopodia, Pyramimonas, R/K selection theory, Radiolaria, Red algae, Remineralisation, Remote sensing, Rhizaria, Roseobacter, Saline water, Saprotrophic nutrition, SAR supergroup, Scanning electron microscope, Scintillon, Seaweed, Sessility (motility), Silicon, Silicon dioxide, Slime mold, Spermatozoon, Spiculosiphon oceana, Sponge, Sterkiella histriomuscorum, Stramenopile, Strontium sulfate, Stylonychia, Sulfur cycle, Surfing, Symbiosis, Syracosphaera azureaplaneta, Tara expedition, Telonema, Test (biology), Testate amoebae, The Blue Planet, Thomas Henry Huxley, Tintinnid, Transcriptome, Tripos (dinoflagellate), Trophic level, Turing pattern, Ultraviolet, Undulipodium, Unicellular organism, Unigene Laboratories, University College London, Velvet (fish disease), Vibrio cholerae, Xenophyophorea, Zoochlorella, Zooflagellate, Zooplankton, Zooxanthellae.

Marine protists, the Glossary

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