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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Glossary

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is a spacecraft designed to search for the existence of water on Mars and provide support for missions to Mars, as part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program.^[1]

199 relations: Accelerometer, Aerobraking, Alunite, Ampere-hour, Amplifier, Angular resolution, Applied Physics Laboratory, Apsis, Areocentric orbit, Atlas V, Atmospheric entry, Ball Aerospace & Technologies, Beagle 2, Bit, C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring), Calibration, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41, Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer, Carbonate, Cebrenia quadrangle, Centaur (rocket stage), Channel (digital image), Charge-coupled device, Chlorite group, Clay, Climate of Mars, Coulomb, Cryocooler, Curiosity (rover), Dark slope streak, Deep space exploration, Deimos (moon), Delta-v, Diacria quadrangle, Digital camera, Doppler effect, Electra (radio), Electromagnetic spectrum, Elliptic orbit, Evidence of water on Mars found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Far infrared, Field of view, Fisheye lens, Flash memory, Focal length, Gale (crater), Geology of Mars, Geophysical Research Letters, Gigabyte, ... Expand index (149 more) »
2005 in Florida
Lockheed Martin satellites and probes
Mars Exploration Program
Satellites orbiting Mars
Space probes launched in 2005

Accelerometer

An accelerometer is a device that measures the proper acceleration of an object.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Accelerometer

Aerobraking

Aerobraking is a spaceflight maneuver that reduces the high point of an elliptical orbit (apoapsis) by flying the vehicle through the atmosphere at the low point of the orbit (periapsis).

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Aerobraking

Alunite

Alunite is a hydroxylated aluminium potassium sulfate mineral, formula KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Alunite

An ampere-hour or amp-hour (symbol: A⋅h or A h; often simplified as Ah) is a unit of electric charge, having dimensions of electric current multiplied by time, equal to the charge transferred by a steady current of one ampere flowing for one hour, or 3,600 coulombs.

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Amplifier

An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the magnitude of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current).

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Amplifier

Angular resolution

Angular resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Angular resolution

Applied Physics Laboratory

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (or simply Applied Physics Laboratory, or APL) is a not-for-profit university-affiliated research center (UARC) in Howard County, Maryland.

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Apsis

An apsis is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Apsis

Areocentric orbit

An areocentric orbit is an orbit around the planet Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Areocentric orbit

Atlas V

Atlas V is an expendable launch system and the fifth major version in the Atlas launch vehicle family.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Atlas V

Atmospheric entry

Atmospheric entry (sometimes listed as Vimpact or Ventry) is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Atmospheric entry

Ball Aerospace & Technologies

Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., commonly Ball Aerospace, was an American manufacturer of spacecraft, components and instruments for national defense, civil space and commercial space applications.

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Beagle 2

The Beagle 2 is an inoperative British Mars lander that was transported by the European Space Agency's 2003 Mars Express mission. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Beagle 2 are missions to Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Beagle 2

Bit

The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication.

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C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)

C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) is an Oort cloud comet discovered on 3 January 2013 by Robert H. McNaught at Siding Spring Observatory using the Uppsala Southern Schmidt Telescope.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)

Calibration

In measurement technology and metrology, calibration is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Calibration

Cape Canaveral Space Force Station

Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station

Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41

Space Launch Complex 41 (SLC-41), previously Launch Complex 41 (LC-41), is an active launch site at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41

Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (American English), carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (Commonwealth English), carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, carbon-fiber reinforced-thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP), also known as carbon fiber, carbon composite, or just carbon, are extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastics that contain carbon fibers.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer

Carbonate

A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid,, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula.

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Cebrenia quadrangle

The Cebrenia quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Cebrenia quadrangle

Centaur (rocket stage)

The Centaur is a family of rocket propelled upper stages that has been in use since 1962.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Centaur (rocket stage)

Channel (digital image)

Color digital images are made of pixels, and pixels are made of combinations of primary colors represented by a series of code.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Channel (digital image)

Charge-coupled device

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors.

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Chlorite group

The chlorites are the group of phyllosilicate minerals common in low-grade metamorphic rocks and in altered igneous rocks.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Chlorite group

Clay

Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al2Si2O5(OH)4).

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Clay

Climate of Mars

The climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part because it is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be easily directly observed in detail from the Earth with help from a telescope.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Climate of Mars

Coulomb

The coulomb (symbol: C) is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI).

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Cryocooler

A refrigerator designed to reach cryogenic temperatures (below 120 K, -153 °C, -243.4 °F) is often called a cryocooler.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Cryocooler

Curiosity (rover)

Curiosity is a car-sized Mars rover exploring Gale crater and Mount Sharp on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Curiosity (rover) are NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Curiosity (rover)

Dark slope streak

Dark slope streaks are narrow, avalanche-like features common on dust-covered slopes in the equatorial regions of Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Dark slope streak

Deep space exploration

Deep-space exploration is the branch of astronomy, astronautics, and space technology that is involved with exploring the distant regions of outer space.

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Deimos (moon)

Deimos (systematic designation: Mars II) is the smaller and outer of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Phobos.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Deimos (moon)

Delta-v

Delta-v (more known as "change in velocity"), symbolized as and pronounced deltah-vee, as used in spacecraft flight dynamics, is a measure of the impulse per unit of spacecraft mass that is needed to perform a maneuver such as launching from or landing on a planet or moon, or an in-space orbital maneuver.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Delta-v

Diacria quadrangle

The Diacria quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Diacria quadrangle

Digital camera

A digital camera, also called a digicam, is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Digital camera

Doppler effect

The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Doppler effect

Electra (radio)

Electra, formally called the Electra Proximity Link Payload, is a telecommunications package that acts as a communications relay and navigation aid for Mars spacecraft and rovers.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Electra (radio)

Electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength.

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Elliptic orbit

In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, an elliptic orbit or elliptical orbit is a Kepler orbit with an eccentricity of less than 1; this includes the special case of a circular orbit, with eccentricity equal to 0.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Elliptic orbit

Evidence of water on Mars found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's HiRISE instrument has taken many images that strongly suggest that Mars has had a rich history of water-related processes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Evidence of water on Mars found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Far infrared

Far infrared (FIR) or long wave refers to a specific range within the infrared spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.

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Field of view

The field of view (FOV) is the angular extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment.

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Fisheye lens

A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image.

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Flash memory

Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.

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Focal length

The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Focal length

Gale (crater)

Gale is a crater, and probable dry lake, at in the northwestern part of the Aeolis quadrangle on Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Gale (crater)

Geology of Mars

The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Geology of Mars

Geophysical Research Letters

Geophysical Research Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal of geoscience published by the American Geophysical Union that was established in 1974.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Geophysical Research Letters

Gigabyte

The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Gigabyte

Glacier

A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Glacier

Gravity of Mars

The gravity of Mars is a natural phenomenon, due to the law of gravity, or gravitation, by which all things with mass around the planet Mars are brought towards it.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Gravity of Mars

Grayscale

In digital photography, computer-generated imagery, and colorimetry, a grayscale image is one in which the value of each pixel is a single sample representing only an amount of light; that is, it carries only intensity information.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Grayscale

Ground speed

Ground speed is the horizontal speed of an aircraft relative to the Earth’s surface.

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Gypsum

Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula.

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Gyroscope

A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος gŷros, "round" and σκοπέω skopéō, "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Gyroscope

Hellas Planitia

Hellas Planitia is a plain located within the huge, roughly circular impact basin Hellas located in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Hellas Planitia

Hematite

Hematite, also spelled as haematite, is a common iron oxide compound with the formula, Fe2O3 and is widely found in rocks and soils.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Hematite

Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Hertz

High frequency

High frequency (HF) is the ITU designation for the band of radio waves with frequency between 3 and 30 megahertz (MHz).

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HiRISE

High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment is a camera on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter which has been orbiting and studying Mars since 2006.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and HiRISE

Hohmann transfer orbit

In astronautics, the Hohmann transfer orbit is an orbital maneuver used to transfer a spacecraft between two orbits of different altitudes around a central body.

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Honeywell

Honeywell International Inc. is an American publicly traded, multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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Hydrazine

Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.

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Ice

Ice is water that is frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 °C, 32 °F, or 273.15 K. It occurs naturally on Earth, on other planets, in Oort cloud objects, and as interstellar ice.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Ice

Ice cap

In glaciology, an ice cap is a mass of ice that covers less than of land area (usually covering a highland area).

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Ice cap

Image resolution

Image resolution is the level of detail of an image.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Image resolution

Infrared

Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Infrared

InSight

The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission was a robotic lander designed to study the deep interior of the planet Mars. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and InSight are missions to Mars, NASA space probes and spacecraft launched by Atlas rockets.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and InSight

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) professional association for electronics engineering, electrical engineering, and other related disciplines.

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Iron oxide

Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Iron oxide

Isidis Planitia

Isidis Planitia is a plain located within a giant impact basin on Mars, located partly in the Syrtis Major quadrangle and partly in the Amenthes quadrangle.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Isidis Planitia

Italian Space Agency

The Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; ASI) is a government agency established in 1988 to fund, regulate and coordinate space exploration activities in Italy.

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Jarosite

Jarosite is a basic hydrous sulfate of potassium and ferric iron (Fe-III) with a chemical formula of KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Jarosite

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) in La Cañada Flintridge, California, Crescenta Valley, United States.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Johns Hopkins University

Johns Hopkins University (often abbreviated as Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, Johns, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Johns Hopkins University

Journal of Geophysical Research

The Journal of Geophysical Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Journal of Geophysical Research

JPEG 2000

JPEG 2000 (JP2) is an image compression standard and coding system.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and JPEG 2000

Kaolinite

Kaolinite (also called kaolin) is a clay mineral, with the chemical composition: Al2Si2O5(OH)4.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Kaolinite

Kennedy Space Center

The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Kennedy Space Center

Launch window

In the context of spaceflight, launch period is the collection of days and launch window is the time period on a given day during which a particular rocket must be launched in order to reach its intended target.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Launch window

Laurel, Maryland

Laurel is a city in Maryland, United States, located midway between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore on the banks of the Patuxent River.

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Light

Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.

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List of Mars landers

The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and List of Mars landers

Lobate debris apron

Lobate debris aprons (LDAs) are geological features on Mars, first seen by the Viking Orbiters, consisting of piles of rock debris below cliffs.

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Lockheed Martin

The Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American aerospace and defense manufacturer with worldwide interests.

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Lockheed Martin Space

Lockheed Martin Space is one of the four major business divisions of Lockheed Martin.

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Lunar and Planetary Laboratory

The Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) is a research center for planetary science located in Tucson, Arizona.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory

Malin Space Science Systems

Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) is a San Diego, California-based private technology company that designs, develops, and operates instruments and technical equipment to fly on uncrewed spacecraft. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Malin Space Science Systems are missions to Mars.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars

Mars 2020

Mars 2020 is a NASA mission that includes the rover Perseverance, the now-retired small robotic helicopter Ingenuity, and associated delivery systems, as part of the Mars Exploration Program. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars 2020 are Mars Exploration Program, missions to Mars and NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars 2020

Mars Climate Orbiter

The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on December 11, 1998, to study the Martian climate, Martian atmosphere, and surface changes and to act as the communications relay in the Mars Surveyor '98 program for Mars Polar Lander. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Climate Orbiter are Lockheed Martin satellites and probes, missions to Mars and NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Climate Orbiter

Mars Exploration Program

Mars Exploration Program (MEP) is a long-term effort to explore the planet Mars, funded and led by NASA.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Exploration Program

Mars Exploration Rover

NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission was a robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Exploration Rover are Mars Exploration Program, missions to Mars and NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Exploration Rover

Mars Express

Mars Express is a space exploration mission being conducted by the European Space Agency (ESA). Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express are missions to Mars and satellites orbiting Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express

Mars Global Surveyor

Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was an American robotic space probe developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Global Surveyor are Lockheed Martin satellites and probes, Mars Exploration Program, missions to Mars and NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Global Surveyor

Mars landing

A Mars landing is a landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars.

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Mars Observer

The Mars Observer spacecraft, also known as the Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on September 25, 1992, to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, climate and magnetic field. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Observer are missions to Mars and NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Observer

Mars Polar Lander

The Mars Polar Lander, also known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, was a 290-kilogram robotic spacecraft lander launched by NASA on January 3, 1999, to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander are missions to Mars and NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander

Mars rover

A Mars rover is a remote-controlled motor vehicle designed to travel on the surface of Mars. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars rover are missions to Mars.

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Mars Science Laboratory

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Science Laboratory are Mars Exploration Program, missions to Mars and NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Science Laboratory

Mars sol

Sol (borrowed from the Latin word for sun) is a solar day on Mars; that is, a Mars-day.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars sol

Mars Surveyor 2001

The Mars Surveyor 2001 project was a multi-part Mars exploration mission intended as a follow-up to Mars Surveyor '98. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Surveyor 2001 are missions to Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Surveyor 2001

MARSIS

MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) is a low frequency, pulse-limited radar sounder and altimeter developed by the University of Rome La Sapienza and Alenia Spazio (today Thales Alenia Space Italy).

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Mass ratio

In aerospace engineering, mass ratio is a measure of the efficiency of a rocket.

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Megabit

The megabit is a multiple of the unit bit for digital information.

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Mineralogy

Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.

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Miniature inertial measurement unit

Miniature inertial measurement unit (MIMU) is an inertial measurement unit (IMU) developed and built by Honeywell International to control and stabilize spacecraft during mission operations.

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Mitigation

Mitigation is the reduction of something harmful that has occurred or the reduction of its harmful effects.

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Monopropellant

Monopropellants are propellants consisting of chemicals that release energy through exothermic chemical decomposition.

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Motherboard

A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, MB, base board, system board, or, in Apple computers, logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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NASA Deep Space Network

The NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) is a worldwide network of spacecraft communication ground segment facilities, located in the United States (California), Spain (Madrid), and Australia (Canberra), that supports NASA's interplanetary spacecraft missions.

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NBC News

NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.

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Nickel–hydrogen battery

A nickel–hydrogen battery (NiH2 or Ni–H2) is a rechargeable electrochemical power source based on nickel and hydrogen.

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Noise (spectral phenomenon)

Noise refers to many types of random, troublesome, problematic, or unwanted signals.

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Oort cloud

The Oort cloud, sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud, is theorized to be a vast cloud of icy planetesimals surrounding the Sun at distances ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 AU (0.03 to 3.2 light-years).

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Oort cloud

Opal

Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·nH2O); its water content may range from 3% to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6% and 10%.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opal

Opportunity (rover)

Opportunity, also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, is a robotic rover that was active on Mars from 2004 until 2018. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity (rover) are missions to Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity (rover)

Orbit

In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or Lagrange point.

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Orbit insertion

In spaceflight an orbit insertion is an orbital maneuver which adjusts a spacecraft’s trajectory, allowing entry into an orbit around a planet, moon, or other celestial body.

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Orbital maneuver

In spaceflight, an orbital maneuver (otherwise known as a burn) is the use of propulsion systems to change the orbit of a spacecraft.

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Orbital period

The orbital period (also revolution period) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object.

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Outer space

Outer space (or simply space) is the expanse that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere and between celestial bodies.

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Parachute

A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag or, in a ram-air parachute, aerodynamic lift.

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Pattern recognition

Pattern recognition is the task of assigning a class to an observation based on patterns extracted from data.

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PDF

Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

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Perseverance (rover)

Perseverance, nicknamed Percy, is a car-sized Mars rover designed to explore the Jezero crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Perseverance (rover) are NASA space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Perseverance (rover)

PH

In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen").

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Phobos (moon)

Phobos (systematic designation) is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Phobos (moon)

Phoenix (spacecraft)

Phoenix was an uncrewed space probe that landed on the surface of Mars on May 25, 2008, and operated until November 2, 2008. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Phoenix (spacecraft) are missions to Mars and NASA space probes.

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Photogrammetry

Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant imagery and other phenomena.

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Photographic mosaic

A photographic mosaic or photomosaic is a picture (usually a photograph) that has been divided into tiled sections, usually equal sized, each of which is replaced with another photograph that matches the target photo.

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Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.

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Pixel

In digital imaging, a pixel (abbreviated px), pel, or picture element is the smallest addressable element in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in a dot matrix display device.

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PowerPC

PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and PowerPC

PowerPC 7xx

The PowerPC 7xx is a family of third generation 32-bit PowerPC microprocessors designed and manufactured by IBM and Motorola (spun off as Freescale Semiconductor bought by NXP Semiconductors).

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and PowerPC 7xx

Prehnite

Prehnite is an inosilicate of calcium and aluminium with the formula: Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 with limited Fe3+ substitutes for aluminium in the structure.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Prehnite

RAD750

The RAD750 is a radiation-hardened single-board computer manufactured by BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and RAD750

Radian

The radian, denoted by the symbol rad, is the unit of angle in the International System of Units (SI) and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Radian

Radiation hardening

Radiation hardening is the process of making electronic components and circuits resistant to damage or malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation (particle radiation and high-energy electromagnetic radiation), especially for environments in outer space (especially beyond low Earth orbit), around nuclear reactors and particle accelerators, or during nuclear accidents or nuclear warfare.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Radiation hardening

Reaction wheel

A reaction wheel (RW) is used primarily by spacecraft for three-axis attitude control, and does not require rockets or external applicators of torque.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Reaction wheel

Reflecting telescope

A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or a combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Reflecting telescope

Regolith

Regolith is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Regolith

Revolutions per minute

Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Revolutions per minute

Rock (geology)

In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Rock (geology)

Safe mode in spacecraft

Safe mode is an operating mode of a modern uncrewed spacecraft during which all non-essential systems are shut down and only essential functions such as thermal management, radio reception and attitude control are active.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Safe mode in spacecraft

Satellite imagery

Satellite images (also Earth observation imagery, spaceborne photography, or simply satellite photo) are images of Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Satellite imagery

Schiaparelli EDM

Schiaparelli EDM was a failed Entry, Descent, and Landing Demonstrator Module (EDM) of the ExoMars programme—a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian Space Agency Roscosmos.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Schiaparelli EDM

Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Science (journal)

Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes

Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes (also called recurring slope lineae, recurrent slope lineae and RSL) are thought to be salty water flows occurring during the warmest months on Mars, or alternatively, dry grains that "flow" downslope of at least 27 degrees.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes

SHARAD

SHARAD (Mars SHAllow RADar sounder) is a subsurface sounding radar embarked on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) probe. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and SHARAD are missions to Mars.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and SHARAD

Silicate mineral

Silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Silicate mineral

Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, commonly found in nature as quartz.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Silicon dioxide

Sinus Meridiani

Sinus Meridiani (Latin Sinus meridiani, "Meridian Bay") is an albedo feature on Mars stretching east-west just south of the planet's equator.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Sinus Meridiani

Small Deep Space Transponder

The Small Deep Space Transponder is a transponder designed by JPL specifically for deep space probes.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Small Deep Space Transponder

Software-defined radio

Software-defined radio (SDR) is a radio communication system where components that conventionally have been implemented in analog hardware (e.g. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators, detectors, etc.) are instead implemented by means of software on a computer or embedded system.

See Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Software-defined radio

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter

Also known as 2005-029A, CTX (camera), CTX camera, Mars Climate Sounder, Mars Reconaissance Orbiter, Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter.

, Glacier, Gravity of Mars, Grayscale, Ground speed, Gypsum, Gyroscope, Hellas Planitia, Hematite, Hertz, High frequency, HiRISE, Hohmann transfer orbit, Honeywell, Hydrazine, Ice, Ice cap, Image resolution, Infrared, InSight, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Iron oxide, Isidis Planitia, Italian Space Agency, Jarosite, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Journal of Geophysical Research, JPEG 2000, Kaolinite, Kennedy Space Center, Launch window, Laurel, Maryland, Light, List of Mars landers, Lobate debris apron, Lockheed Martin, Lockheed Martin Space, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Malin Space Science Systems, Mars, Mars 2020, Mars Climate Orbiter, Mars Exploration Program, Mars Exploration Rover, Mars Express, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars landing, Mars Observer, Mars Polar Lander, Mars rover, Mars Science Laboratory, Mars sol, Mars Surveyor 2001, MARSIS, Mass ratio, Megabit, Mineralogy, Miniature inertial measurement unit, Mitigation, Monopropellant, Motherboard, NASA, NASA Deep Space Network, NBC News, Nickel–hydrogen battery, Noise (spectral phenomenon), Oort cloud, Opal, Opportunity (rover), Orbit, Orbit insertion, Orbital maneuver, Orbital period, Outer space, Parachute, Pattern recognition, PDF, Perseverance (rover), PH, Phobos (moon), Phoenix (spacecraft), Photogrammetry, Photographic mosaic, Photovoltaics, Pixel, PowerPC, PowerPC 7xx, Prehnite, RAD750, Radian, Radiation hardening, Reaction wheel, Reflecting telescope, Regolith, Revolutions per minute, Rock (geology), Safe mode in spacecraft, Satellite imagery, Schiaparelli EDM, Science (journal), Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes, SHARAD, Silicate mineral, Silicon dioxide, Sinus Meridiani, Small Deep Space Transponder, Software-defined radio, Solar cell, Solar conjunction, Solar panels on spacecraft, Solution (chemistry), Space.com, Spacecraft, Spacecraft attitude control, Spatial reconnaissance, Spectrometer, Spirit (rover), Star, Star tracker, Stepping (debugging), Structural engineering, Sun, Sun-synchronous orbit, Supersonic speed, The New York Times, The Planetary Society, Thrusters (spacecraft), Timekeeping on Mars, Titanium, Trajectory, Transistor, Traveling-wave tube, Tucson, Arizona, Turbo code, Ultra high frequency, Ultraviolet, University of Arizona, Valles Marineris, Vastitas Borealis, Victoria (crater), Viking program, Visible spectrum, VNIR, Volt, VxWorks, Water on Mars, Watt, X band, 2001 Mars Odyssey.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Glossary

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