Massagetae, the Glossary
The Massagetae or Massageteans, also known as Sakā tigraxaudā or Orthocorybantians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian Saka people who inhabited the steppes of Central Asia and were part of the wider Scythian cultures.[1]
Table of Contents
157 relations: Abii, Achaemenid Empire, Agathyrsi, Alans, Alexander Cunningham, Alexander the Great, Amu Darya, Amyrgians, Anatolia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, Aral Sea, Arrian, Arsaces I of Parthia, Asii, Atrek, Avesta, Babylon, Bactria, Bactrian language, Berossus, Boston, Brill Publishers, Byzantine Empire, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Caspian Sea, Central Asia, Chorasmia (satrapy), Cimmerians, Crimea, Ctesias, Cyrus the Great, Dahae, Darius the Great, Digor Ossetian, Don (river), Eastern Iranian languages, Edgar Knobloch, Edvard Westermarck, Egyptian language, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Encyclopædia Iranica, Ethnic groups in South Asia, Eurasian Steppe, France, Germanic peoples, Germany, Getae, Gorytos, ... Expand index (107 more) »
- Tribes described primarily by Herodotus
Abii
The Abii (Ἄβιοι) were possibly an ancient people described by several ancient authors.
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Massagetae and Achaemenid Empire
Agathyrsi
The Agathyrsi were an ancient people belonging to the Scythian cultures who lived in the Transylvanian Plateau, in the region that later became Dacia. Massagetae and Agathyrsi are tribes described primarily by Herodotus.
Alans
The Alans (Latin: Alani) were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North-Africa. Massagetae and Alans are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
Alexander Cunningham
Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British Army engineer with the Bengal Sappers who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India.
See Massagetae and Alexander Cunningham
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
See Massagetae and Alexander the Great
Amu Darya
The Amu Darya, also called the Amu, the Amo, and historically the Oxus (Latin: Ōxus; Greek: Ὦξος, Ôxos), is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.
Amyrgians
The Amyrgians (Ancient Greek: Αμύργιοι; Latin: Amyrgii; Old Persian: 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥𐎠 "Sakas who lay hauma (around the fire)") were a Saka tribe. Massagetae and Amyrgians are tribes described primarily by Herodotus.
Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
See Massagetae and Ancient Egypt
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
See Massagetae and Ancient Greek
Aral Sea
The Aral Sea was an endorheic lake (that is, without an outlet) lying between Kazakhstan to its north and Uzbekistan to its south, which began shrinking in the 1960s and largely dried up by the 2010s.
Arrian
Arrian of Nicomedia (Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Lucius Flavius Arrianus) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.
Arsaces I of Parthia
Arsaces I (from Ἀρσάκης; in 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊 Aršak) was the first king of Parthia, ruling from 247 BC to 217 BC, as well as the founder and eponym of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia.
See Massagetae and Arsaces I of Parthia
Asii
The Asii, Osii, Ossii, Asoi, Asioi, Asini or Aseni were an ancient Indo-European people of Central Asia, during the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE. Massagetae and Asii are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
Atrek
The Atrek (اترک, script, Etrek), also known as the Attrack, Atrak, and Etrek, is a fast-moving river which begins in the mountains of north-eastern Iran and flows westward, draining into the south-eastern corner of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan. Because of the high use of its waters for irrigation, the Atrek only flows into the Caspian when it is in its flood stage.
Avesta
The Avesta is the primary collection of religious texts of Zoroastrianism from at least the late Sassanid period (ca. 6th century CE).
Babylon
Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad.
Bactria
Bactria (Bactrian: βαχλο, Bakhlo), or Bactriana, was an ancient Iranian civilization in Central Asia based in the area south of the Oxus River (modern Amu Darya) and north of the mountains of the Hindu Kush, an area within the north of modern Afghanistan.
Bactrian language
Bactrian (ariao, cat.
See Massagetae and Bactrian language
Berossus
Berossus or Berosus (translit; possibly derived from 𒁹𒀭𒂗𒉺𒇻𒋙𒉡|translit.
Boston
Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
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Cambridge
Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.
See Massagetae and Caspian Sea
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
See Massagetae and Central Asia
Chorasmia (satrapy)
Chorasmia (Old Persian: 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 hUvārazmiya, 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 hUvārazmiš) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire in Persia.
See Massagetae and Chorasmia (satrapy)
Cimmerians
The Cimmerians were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, part of whom subsequently migrated into West Asia. Massagetae and Cimmerians are nomadic groups in Eurasia and tribes described primarily by Herodotus.
Crimea
Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.
Ctesias
Ctesias (Κτησίᾱς; fl. fifth century BC), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire.
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia (𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
See Massagetae and Cyrus the Great
Dahae
The Dahae, also known as the Daae, Dahas or Dahaeans (translit; translit; Δααι,; Δαι,; Δασαι,; Dahae; p; Persian: داهان) were an ancient Eastern Iranian nomadic tribal confederation, who inhabited the steppes of Central Asia.
Darius the Great
Darius I (𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁; Δαρεῖος; – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE.
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Digor Ossetian
Digor Ossetian (digoron ӕvzag) also known as Digor Ossetic or Digor-Ossetic, is a dialect of the Ossetic language spoken by the Digor people.
See Massagetae and Digor Ossetian
Don (river)
The Don (p) is the fifth-longest river in Europe.
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Eastern Iranian languages
The Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages, having emerged during the Middle Iranian era (4th century BC to 9th century AD).
See Massagetae and Eastern Iranian languages
Edgar Knobloch
Dr.
See Massagetae and Edgar Knobloch
Edvard Westermarck
Edvard Alexander Westermarck (20 November 1862 in Helsinki – 3 September 1939 in Tenala) was a Finnish philosopher and sociologist.
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Egyptian language
The Egyptian language, or Ancient Egyptian, is an extinct branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages that was spoken in ancient Egypt.
See Massagetae and Egyptian language
Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam.
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Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
See Massagetae and Encyclopædia Iranica
Ethnic groups in South Asia
Ethnic groups in South Asia are ethnolinguistic groupings within the diverse populations of South Asia, including the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
See Massagetae and Ethnic groups in South Asia
Eurasian Steppe
The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or The Steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome. Massagetae and Eurasian Steppe are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Massagetae and Eurasian Steppe
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Massagetae and Germanic peoples
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
Getae
The Getae or Gets (Γέται, singular Γέτης) were a Thracian-related tribe that once inhabited the regions to either side of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria and southern Romania.
Gorytos
A gorytos (γωρυτός, pl., gorytus) is a type of leather bow-case for a short composite bow used by the Scythians in classical antiquity.
Great Britain
Great Britain (commonly shortened to Britain) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland and Wales.
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Greater Khorasan
Greater KhorāsānDabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed.
See Massagetae and Greater Khorasan
Greco-Roman world
The Greco-Roman civilization (also Greco-Roman culture or Greco-Latin culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were directly and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the Greeks and Romans.
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Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Gutian people
The Guti, also known by the derived exonyms Gutians or Guteans, were a people of the ancient Near East.
See Massagetae and Gutian people
Harrassowitz Verlag
Harrassowitz Verlag is a German academic publishing house, based in Wiesbaden.
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Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Massagetae and Hellenistic period
Herodotus
Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος||; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy.
Hispania
Hispania (Hispanía; Hispānia) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula.
History of Iran
The history of Iran (or Persia, as it was commonly known in the Western world) is intertwined with that of Greater Iran, a sociocultural region spanning the area between Anatolia in the west and the Indus River and Syr Darya in the east, and between the Caucasus and Eurasian Steppe in the north and the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.
See Massagetae and History of Iran
Huns
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. Massagetae and Huns are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
Hyrcania
Hyrcania (Ὑρκανία Hyrkanía, Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 Varkâna,Lendering (1996) Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 Gurgān, Akkadian: Urqananu) is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian Sea in modern-day Iran and Turkmenistan, bound in the south by the Alborz mountain range and the Kopet Dag in the east.
Indo-Scythians
The Indo-Scythians (also called Indo-Sakas) were a group of nomadic people of Iranic Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into the northwestern Indian subcontinent: the present-day South Asian regions of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Eastern Iran and northern India.
See Massagetae and Indo-Scythians
Iranian languages
The Iranian languages, also called the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau.
See Massagetae and Iranian languages
Iranian peoples
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities.
See Massagetae and Iranian peoples
Iranian studies
Iranian studies (ايرانشناسی), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples.
See Massagetae and Iranian studies
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Iron Ossetian
Iron Ossetian (iron ӕvzag) also known as Iron Ossetic or Iron-Ossetic, is one of the two main dialects of the Ossetic language along with DigorThordarson, Fridrik.
See Massagetae and Iron Ossetian
J. P. Mallory
James Patrick Mallory (born October 25, 1945) is an American archaeologist and Indo-Europeanist.
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János Harmatta
János Harmatta (2 October 1917 – 24 July 2004) was a Hungarian linguist.
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Journal of Language Relationship
The Journal of Language Relationship (abbreviated JLR; Russian: Вопросы языкового родства) is a quarterly academic journal published in both Russia and the United States.
See Massagetae and Journal of Language Relationship
Kabardians
The Kabardians (Kabardian: Къэбэрдей адыгэхэр; Adyghe: Къэбэртай адыгэхэр; Кабарди́нцы) or Kabardinians are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag.
Kang-chü
The Kang-chü, Kao-che, Gaoche or Kao-chü Ting-ling (chin. 高車, „high chariot/cart“) were an ancient Turkic people in East Asia in the 3rd century AD.
Karakum Desert
The Karakum Desert, also spelled Kara-Kum and Gara-Gum (Garagum,, from gara ("black") and gum ("sand"); kərɐˈkumɨ), is a desert in Central Asia.
See Massagetae and Karakum Desert
Khwarazm
Khwarazm (Hwârazmiya; خوارزم, Xwârazm or Xârazm) or Chorasmia is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau.
Kraków
(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
Kushan Empire
The Kushan Empire (– AD) was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. Massagetae and Kushan Empire are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Massagetae and Kushan Empire
Kyzylkum Desert
The Kyzylkum Desert (Qizilqum, Қизилқум, قِیزِیلقُوم; Qyzylqūm, قىزىلقۇم) is the 15th largest desert in the world.
See Massagetae and Kyzylkum Desert
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Leiden
Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.
Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston.
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Margiana
Margiana (Μαργιανή Margianḗ, Old Persian: Marguš, Middle Persian: Marv) is a historical region centred on the oasis of Merv and was a minor satrapy within the Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, and a province within its successors, the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian empires.
Medes
The Medes (Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭; Akkadian: 13px, 13px; Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι; Latin: Medi) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia in the vicinity of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan).
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
See Massagetae and Mesopotamia
Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg (Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire.
See Massagetae and Middle Persian
Migration Period
The Migration Period (circa 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman kingdoms.
See Massagetae and Migration Period
Mithra
Mithra (𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 Miθra, 𐎷𐎰𐎼 Miθra), commonly known as Mehr or Mithras among Romans, is an ancient Iranian deity of covenants, light, oath, justice, the sun, contracts, and friendship.
Moccasin
A moccasin is a shoe, made of deerskin or other soft leather, consisting of a sole (made with leather that has not been "worked") and sides made of one piece of leather, stitched together at the top, and sometimes with a vamp (additional panel of leather).
Mount Imeon
Mount Imeon is an ancient name for the Central Asian complex of mountain ranges comprising the present Hindu Kush, Pamir and Tian Shan, extending from the Zagros Mountains in the southwest to the Altay Mountains in the northeast, and linked to the Kunlun, Karakoram and Himalayas to the southeast.
See Massagetae and Mount Imeon
Muhammad Dandamayev
Muhammad Abdulkadyrovich Dandamayev (Мухаммад Абдулкадырович Дандамаев; September 2, 1928 – August 28, 2017), Chief Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IOM-RAS), was a historian who focused on the ancient Persian Empire, and the social institutions of Babylonia during the first millennium BCE.
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Nature Communications
Nature Communications is a peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio since 2010.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.
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New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick is a city in and the seat of government of Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
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New York City
New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.
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North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
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Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire).
See Massagetae and Old Persian
Ossetian language
Ossetian, commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete (iron ӕvzag southern; northern), is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Greater Caucasus.
See Massagetae and Ossetian language
Ossetians
The Ossetians (or; Ossetic), also known as Ossetes, Ossets, and Alans, are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the northern and southern sides of the Caucasus Mountains.
Oxford
Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Massagetae and Oxford University Press
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city of France.
Parni
The Parni (Πάρνοι, Parnoi), Aparni (Ἄπαρνοι, Aparnoi) or Parnians were an East Iranian people who lived around the Ochus (Ὧχος Okhos) (Tejen) River, southeast of the Caspian Sea.
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.
See Massagetae and Parthian Empire
Persians
The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.
Phrygian cap
The Phrygian cap or liberty cap is a soft conical cap with the apex bent over, associated in antiquity with several peoples in Eastern Europe, Anatolia and Asia, including the Persians, the Medes and the Scythians, as well as in the Balkans, Dacia, Thrace and in Phrygia, where the name originated.
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Polyaenus
Polyaenus or Polyenus (see ae (æ) vs. e; Polyainos, "much-praised") was a 2nd-century CE Greek author, known best for his Stratagems in War (Strategemata), which has been preserved.
Quintus Curtius Rufus
Quintus Curtius Rufus was a Roman historian, probably of the 1st century, author of his only known and only surviving work, Historiae Alexandri Magni, "Histories of Alexander the Great", or more fully Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis Libri Qui Supersunt, "All the Books That Survive of the Histories of Alexander the Great of Macedon." Much of it is missing.
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Rabanus Maurus
Rabanus Maurus Magnentius (780 – 4 February 856), also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk, theologian, poet, encyclopedist and military writer who became archbishop of Mainz in East Francia.
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Rüdiger Schmitt
Rüdiger Schmitt (born 1 July 1939) is a German linguist, Iranologist, and educator.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
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Rutgers University Press
Rutgers University Press (RUP) is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.
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Saka
The Saka were a group of nomadic Eastern Iranian peoples who historically inhabited the northern and eastern Eurasian Steppe and the Tarim Basin. Massagetae and Saka are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
Saka language
Saka, or Sakan, was a variety of Eastern Iranian languages, attested from the ancient Buddhist kingdoms of Khotan, Kashgar and Tumshuq in the Tarim Basin, in what is now southern Xinjiang, China.
See Massagetae and Saka language
Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (Sarmatai; Latin: Sarmatae) were a large confederation of ancient Iranian equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic steppe from about the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD.
Scythia
Scythia (Scythian: Skulatā; Old Persian: Skudra; Ancient Greek: Skuthia; Latin: Scythia) or Scythica (Ancient Greek: Skuthikē; Latin: Scythica), also known as Pontic Scythia, was a kingdom created by the Scythians during the 6th to 3rd centuries BC in the Pontic–Caspian steppe.
Scythian languages
The Scythian languages (or or) are a group of Eastern Iranic languages of the classical and late antique period (the Middle Iranic period), spoken in a vast region of Eurasia by the populations belonging to the Scythian cultures and their descendants.
See Massagetae and Scythian languages
Scythian religion
The Scythian religion refers to the mythology, ritual practices and beliefs of the Scythian cultures, a collection of closely related ancient Iranian peoples who inhabited Central Asia and the Pontic–Caspian steppe in Eastern Europe throughout Classical Antiquity, spoke the Scythian language (itself a member of the Eastern Iranian language family), and which included the Scythians proper, the Cimmerians, the Sarmatians, the Alans, the Sindi, the Massagetae and the Saka.
See Massagetae and Scythian religion
Scythians
The Scythians or Scyths (but note Scytho- in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC. Massagetae and Scythians are tribes described primarily by Herodotus.
Scytho-Siberian world
The Scytho-Siberian world was an archaeological horizon that flourished across the entire Eurasian Steppe during the Iron Age, from approximately the 9th century BC to the 2nd century AD.
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Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.
See Massagetae and Seleucid Empire
Seleucus II Callinicus
Seleucus II Callinicus Pogon (Σέλευκος Β΄ ὁ Καλλίνικος ὁ Πώγων; Kallinikos means "beautifully triumphant"; Pogon means "the Beard"; July/August 265 BC – December 225 BC), was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, who reigned from 246 BC to 225 BC.
See Massagetae and Seleucus II Callinicus
Skunkha
Skunkha (Old Persian: 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎧), was king of the Sakā tigraxaudā ("Saka who wear pointed caps"), a group of the Saka, in the 6th century BC.
Spargapeithes (Agathyrsian king)
Spargapeithes (Scythian:; translit; Spargapeithes) was the name of a king of the Scythic tribe of the Agathyrsoi.
See Massagetae and Spargapeithes (Agathyrsian king)
Spitamenes
Spitamenes (Old Persian Spitamana; Greek Σπιταμένης; 370 BC – 328 BC) was a Sogdian warlord and the leader of the uprising in Sogdiana and Bactria against Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, in 329 BC.
Stanfords
Stanfords is a specialist bookshop of maps and travel books in London, established in 1853 by Edward Stanford.
Steppe
In physical geography, a steppe is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without closed forests except near rivers and lakes.
Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
See Massagetae and Strait of Gibraltar
Suez inscriptions of Darius the Great
The Suez inscriptions of Darius the Great were texts written in Old Persian, Elamite, Babylonian and Egyptian on five monuments erected in Wadi Tumilat, commemorating the opening of the "Canal of the Pharaohs" between the Nile and the Bitter Lakes.
See Massagetae and Suez inscriptions of Darius the Great
Syr Darya
The Syr Darya, historically known as the Jaxartes (Ἰαξάρτης), is a river in Central Asia.
Tabaristan
Tabaristan or Tabarestan (Ṭabarestān, or Tabarestun, ultimately from Middle Persian:, Tapur(i)stān), was a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran.
Tadeusz Sulimirski
Tadeusz Józef Sulimirski (1 April 1898 – 20 June 1983) was a Polish-born British historian and archaeologist, who emigrated to the United Kingdom soon after the outbreak of World War II in 1939.
See Massagetae and Tadeusz Sulimirski
Tatars
The Tatars, in the Collins English Dictionary formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes.
The History of Human Marriage
The History of Human Marriage is an 1891 book by the Finnish philosopher and anthropologist Edvard Westermarck that provides an overview of marriage over time.
See Massagetae and The History of Human Marriage
Thyssagetae
The Thyssagetae (Θυσσαγέται) were an ancient tribe described by Herodotus as occupying a district to the north-east of Scythia, separated from the Budini by a "desert" that took seven days to cross. Massagetae and Thyssagetae are nomadic groups in Eurasia and tribes described primarily by Herodotus.
See Massagetae and Thyssagetae
Tomyris
Tomyris (Saka:; Tomuris; Tomyris) also called Thomyris, Tomris, or Tomiride, is known only from the Greek historian Herodotus.
Trousers
Trousers (British English), slacks, or pants (American and Canadian English) are an item of clothing worn from the waist to anywhere between the knees and the ankles, covering both legs separately (rather than with cloth extending across both legs as in robes, skirts, dresses and kilts).
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages. Massagetae and Turkic peoples are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Massagetae and Turkic peoples
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
See Massagetae and Turkmenistan
Uly Balkan
The Uly Balkan (Uly Balkan dagy, Greater Balkan Mountains), also the Great Balkhan or Greater Balkhan is a mountain range in Turkmenistan, part of the Balkhan Ranges.
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
See Massagetae and United Kingdom
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Massagetae and United States
Ustyurt Plateau
The Ustyurt or Ust-Yurt (from Үстірт; Ustyurt; Üstyurt; — flat hill, plateau) is a transboundary clay desert shared by Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
See Massagetae and Ustyurt Plateau
Uzboy
The Uzboy (sometimes rendered Uzboj) was a distributary of the Amu Darya which flowed through the northwestern part of the Karakum Desert of Turkmenistan until the 17th century, when it abruptly dried up, eliminating the agricultural population that had thrived along its banks.
Vandal Kingdom
The Vandal Kingdom (Regnum Vandalum) or Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans (Regnum Vandalorum et Alanorum) was a confederation of Vandals and Alans, which is one of the barbarian kingdoms established under Gaiseric, a Vandal warrior.
See Massagetae and Vandal Kingdom
Vandals
The Vandals were a Germanic people who first inhabited what is now southern Poland.
Vedic Sanskrit
Vedic Sanskrit, also simply referred as the Vedic language, is an ancient language of the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European language family.
See Massagetae and Vedic Sanskrit
Victor H. Mair
Victor Henry Mair (born March 25, 1943) is an American area studies scholar.
See Massagetae and Victor H. Mair
Volga
The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of, and a catchment area of., Russian State Water Registry It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average discharge at delta – between and – and of drainage basin.
Wars of Alexander the Great
The wars of Alexander the Great (Greek: Πόλεμοι τουΜεγάλουΑλεξάνδρου) were a series of conquests that were carried out by Alexander III of Macedon from 336 BC to 323 BC.
See Massagetae and Wars of Alexander the Great
Weer Rajendra Rishi
Weer Rajendra Rishi (4 January 1917– 1 December 2002) was an Indian linguist, diplomatic translator, and Romani studies scholar.
See Massagetae and Weer Rajendra Rishi
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden is the capital of the German state of Hesse, and the second-largest Hessian city after Frankfurt am Main.
Yuezhi
The Yuezhi were an ancient people first described in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat at the hands of the Xiongnu in 176 BC, the Yuezhi split into two groups migrating in different directions: the Greater Yuezhi (Dà Yuèzhī 大月氏) and Lesser Yuezhi (Xiǎo Yuèzhī 小月氏). Massagetae and Yuezhi are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
Zarafshon (river)
The Zarafshon (Uzbek & Tajik: Зарафшон, Romanized: Zarafshon) is a river in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan in Central Asia.
See Massagetae and Zarafshon (river)
Zarinaea
Zarinaea also referred to as Zarinaia (Saka:; Ancient Greek: Ζαριναια; Latin) or Zarina was a queen of one of the Saka tribes or of the Dahae of the 7th century BCE who is mentioned by the Greek author Diodorus Siculus.
See also
Tribes described primarily by Herodotus
- Agathyrsi
- Amyrgians
- Androphagi
- Argippaeans
- Budini
- Cimmerians
- Gelonians
- Machlyes
- Macrobians
- Macrones
- Massagetae
- Melanchlaeni
- Neuri
- Padaei
- Pakhtas
- Saspeires
- Scythians
- Sigynnae
- Tauri
- Thyssagetae
- Utians
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massagetae
Also known as Apasiacae, Derbices, Massagatae, Massagetaeans, Massagetai, Massagetean, Massageteans, Massagetes, Massageti, Orthocorybantians, Sakā Tigraxaudā.
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