Maternal death, the Glossary
Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined in slightly different ways by several different health organizations.[1]
Table of Contents
124 relations: Abortion, Afghanistan, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Amniotic fluid embolism, Anemia, Anesthesia, Asepsis, Bakri balloon, Bangladesh, Birth attendant, Birth control, Birth weight, Black maternal mortality in the United States, Bleeding, Blood transfusion, Caesarean section, Cardiomyopathy, Cardiovascular disease, Census, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, China, Christine Michel Carter, Chronic condition, Complications of pregnancy, Condom, Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in the UK, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Developing country, Eclampsia, Ectopic pregnancy, Embolism, Endometritis, Episiotomy, Ethiopia, Family planning, Fetus, Genital trauma, Gestational hypertension, Ghana, Health care in Australia, Health care in France, Health care in Poland, Health care system in Japan, Healthcare in Canada, Healthcare in Finland, Healthcare in Germany, Healthcare in Greece, Healthcare in Iceland, Healthcare in Sweden, Healthcare in the United Kingdom, ... Expand index (74 more) »
Abortion
Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus.
See Maternal death and Abortion
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.
See Maternal death and Afghanistan
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) is a professional association of physicians specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in the United States.
See Maternal death and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Amniotic fluid embolism
An amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a life-threatening childbirth (obstetric) emergency in which amniotic fluid enters the blood stream of the mother, triggering a serious reaction which results in cardiorespiratory (heart and lung) collapse and massive bleeding (coagulopathy).
See Maternal death and Amniotic fluid embolism
Anemia
Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen.
Anesthesia
Anesthesia or anaesthesia is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical or veterinary purposes.
See Maternal death and Anesthesia
Asepsis
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites).
See Maternal death and Asepsis
Bakri balloon
The Bakri balloon is a medical device invented and designed by Dr.
See Maternal death and Bakri balloon
Bangladesh
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.
See Maternal death and Bangladesh
Birth attendant
A birth attendant, also known as skilled birth attendant, is a health professional who provides basic and emergency care to women and their newborns during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Maternal death and birth attendant are midwifery.
See Maternal death and Birth attendant
Birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unintended pregnancy.
See Maternal death and Birth control
Birth weight
Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at their birth. Maternal death and birth weight are midwifery.
See Maternal death and Birth weight
Black maternal mortality in the United States
Black maternal mortality in the United States refers to the death of women, specifically those who identify as Black or African American, during or after child delivery.
See Maternal death and Black maternal mortality in the United States
Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels.
See Maternal death and Bleeding
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood products into a person's circulation intravenously.
See Maternal death and Blood transfusion
Caesarean section
Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen.
See Maternal death and Caesarean section
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a group of primary diseases of the heart muscle.
See Maternal death and Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels.
See Maternal death and Cardiovascular disease
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating population information about the members of a given population.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States.
See Maternal death and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
Christine Michel Carter
Christine Michel Carter (née Epps) is an American author and marketing strategist from Baltimore, Maryland.
See Maternal death and Christine Michel Carter
Chronic condition
A chronic condition (also known as chronic disease or chronic illness) is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. Maternal death and chronic condition are medical terminology.
See Maternal death and Chronic condition
Complications of pregnancy
Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are related to, or arise during pregnancy.
See Maternal death and Complications of pregnancy
Condom
A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in the UK
The Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (CEMD) is a national programme investigating maternal deaths in the UK and Ireland.
See Maternal death and Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in the UK
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Zaire, or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country in Central Africa.
See Maternal death and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See Maternal death and Developing country
Eclampsia
Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia.
See Maternal death and Eclampsia
Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.
See Maternal death and Ectopic pregnancy
Embolism
An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel.
See Maternal death and Embolism
Endometritis
Endometritis is inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium).
See Maternal death and Endometritis
Episiotomy
Episiotomy, also known as perineotomy, is a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by an obstetrician.
See Maternal death and Episiotomy
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
See Maternal death and Ethiopia
Family planning
Family planning is the consideration of the number of children a person wishes to have, including the choice to have no children, and the age at which they wish to have them.
See Maternal death and Family planning
Fetus
A fetus or foetus (fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring that develops from a mammal embryo.
Genital trauma
Genital trauma is trauma to the genitalia.
See Maternal death and Genital trauma
Gestational hypertension
Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is the development of new hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks' gestation without the presence of protein in the urine or other signs of pre-eclampsia.
See Maternal death and Gestational hypertension
Ghana
Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa.
Health care in Australia
Health care in Australia operates under a shared public-private model underpinned by the Medicare system, the national single-payer funding model.
See Maternal death and Health care in Australia
Health care in France
The French health care system is one of universal health care largely financed by government national health insurance.
See Maternal death and Health care in France
Health care in Poland
Health care in Poland is insurance based, delivered through a publicly funded health care system called the Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia, which is free for all the citizens of Poland provided they fall into the "insured" category (usually meaning that they have health insurance paid for by their employer, or are the spouse or child of an insured person).
See Maternal death and Health care in Poland
Health care system in Japan
The health care system in Japan provides different types of services, including screening examinations, prenatal care and infectious disease control, with the patient accepting responsibility for 30% of these costs while the government pays the remaining 70%.
See Maternal death and Health care system in Japan
Healthcare in Canada
Healthcare in Canada is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of publicly funded health care, informally called Medicare.
See Maternal death and Healthcare in Canada
Healthcare in Finland
Healthcare in Finland consists of a highly decentralized three-level publicly funded healthcare system and a much smaller private sector.
See Maternal death and Healthcare in Finland
Healthcare in Germany
Germany has a universal multi-payer health care system paid for by a combination of statutory health insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung) and private health insurance (Private Krankenversicherung).
See Maternal death and Healthcare in Germany
Healthcare in Greece
Healthcare in Greece consists of a universal health care system provided through national health insurance, and private health care.
See Maternal death and Healthcare in Greece
Healthcare in Iceland
Iceland has a state-centred, publicly funded universal healthcare system and health insurance that covers the whole population.
See Maternal death and Healthcare in Iceland
Healthcare in Sweden
The Swedish health care system is mainly government-funded, universal for all citizens and decentralized, although private health care also exists.
See Maternal death and Healthcare in Sweden
Healthcare in the United Kingdom
Healthcare in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter, with England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each having their own systems of publicly funded healthcare, funded by and accountable to separate governments and parliaments, together with smaller private sector and voluntary provision.
See Maternal death and Healthcare in the United Kingdom
Healthcare in the United States
Healthcare in the United States is largely provided by private sector healthcare facilities, and paid for by a combination of public programs, private insurance, and out-of-pocket payments.
See Maternal death and Healthcare in the United States
HIV
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.
HIV/AIDS
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.
See Maternal death and HIV/AIDS
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
See Maternal death and Human Development Index
Hypertension
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
See Maternal death and Hypertension
Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, also known as maternal hypertensive disorder, is a group of high blood pressure disorders that include preeclampsia, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and chronic hypertension.
See Maternal death and Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
See Maternal death and Indonesia
Infant mortality
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday.
See Maternal death and Infant mortality
Infection
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce.
See Maternal death and Infection
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
Kamala Harris
Kamala Devi Harris (born October 20, 1964) is an American politician and attorney who is the 49th and current vice president of the United States, having held the position since 2021 under President Joe Biden.
See Maternal death and Kamala Harris
List of women who died in childbirth
This is a list of notable women, either famous themselves or closely associated with someone well known, who suffered maternal death as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO): Note that this wording includes abortion, miscarriage, stillbirth, and ectopic pregnancy.
See Maternal death and List of women who died in childbirth
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
See Maternal death and Malaria
Malawi
Malawi (in Chichewa and Chitumbuka), officially the Republic of Malawi and formerly known as Nyasaland, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa.
Maternal mortality in fiction
Maternal death in fiction is a common theme encountered in literature, movies, and other media.
See Maternal death and Maternal mortality in fiction
Maternal mortality ratio
The maternal mortality ratio is a key performance indicator (KPI) for efforts to improve the health and safety of mothers before, during, and after childbirth per country worldwide. Maternal death and maternal mortality ratio are Demography.
See Maternal death and Maternal mortality ratio
Maternal near miss
A maternal near miss (MNM) is an event in which a pregnant woman comes close to maternal death, but does not die – a "near-miss". Maternal death and maternal near miss are midwifery.
See Maternal death and Maternal near miss
Mental health
Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior.
See Maternal death and Mental health
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.
Midwife
A midwife (midwives) is a health professional who cares for mothers and newborns around childbirth, a specialization known as midwifery. Maternal death and midwife are midwifery.
See Maternal death and Midwife
Millennium Development Goals
In the United Nations, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals for the year 2015 created following the Millennium Summit, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
See Maternal death and Millennium Development Goals
New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
See Maternal death and New Zealand
Niger
Niger or the Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a country in West Africa.
Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.
See Maternal death and Nigeria
Non-pneumatic anti-shock garment
The non-pneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG) is a low-technology first-aid device used to treat hypovolemic shock.
See Maternal death and Non-pneumatic anti-shock garment
Obstetric transition
In reproductive health, obstetric transition is a concept around the secular trend of countries gradually shifting from a pattern of high maternal mortality to low maternal mortality, from direct obstetric causes of maternal mortality to indirect causes, aging of maternal population, and moving from the natural history of pregnancy and childbirth to institutionalization of maternity care, medicalization and over medicalization.
See Maternal death and Obstetric transition
Obstetrical bleeding
Obstetrical bleeding is bleeding in pregnancy that occurs before, during, or after childbirth.
See Maternal death and Obstetrical bleeding
Obstetrics
Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.
See Maternal death and Obstetrics
Obstetrics & Gynecology (journal)
Obstetrics & Gynecology is a peer-reviewed medical journal in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.
See Maternal death and Obstetrics & Gynecology (journal)
Obstructed labour
Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. Maternal death and Obstructed labour are midwifery.
See Maternal death and Obstructed labour
ODI (think tank)
ODI is a global affairs think tank, founded in 1960.
See Maternal death and ODI (think tank)
Operative vaginal delivery
Operative vaginal delivery, also known as assisted or instrumental vaginal delivery, is a vaginal delivery that is assisted by the use of forceps or a vacuum extractor. Maternal death and Operative vaginal delivery are midwifery.
See Maternal death and Operative vaginal delivery
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.
See Maternal death and Pakistan
Parents (magazine)
Parents was an American monthly magazine founded in 1926 that featured scientific information on child development geared to help parents in raising their children.
See Maternal death and Parents (magazine)
Pediatric nursing
Pediatric nursing is part of the nursing profession, specifically revolving around the care of neonates and children up to adolescence.
See Maternal death and Pediatric nursing
Perinatal mortality
Perinatal mortality (PNM) is the death of a fetus or neonate and is the basis to calculate the perinatal mortality rate. Maternal death and perinatal mortality are medical aspects of death, medical terminology and midwifery.
See Maternal death and Perinatal mortality
Placenta
The placenta (placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.
See Maternal death and Placenta
Postpartum bleeding
Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood following childbirth.
See Maternal death and Postpartum bleeding
Postpartum infections
Postpartum infections, also known as childbed fever and puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage.
See Maternal death and Postpartum infections
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine.
See Maternal death and Pre-eclampsia
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).
See Maternal death and Pregnancy
Prenatal care
Prenatal care, also known as antenatal care, is a type of preventive healthcare. Maternal death and Prenatal care are midwifery.
See Maternal death and Prenatal care
Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks.
See Maternal death and Preterm birth
Preventable causes of death
Preventable causes of death are causes of death related to risk factors which could have been avoided. Maternal death and Preventable causes of death are Demography.
See Maternal death and Preventable causes of death
Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".
See Maternal death and Public health
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism).
See Maternal death and Pulmonary embolism
Quartz (publication)
Quartz is an American English language news website owned by G/O Media.
See Maternal death and Quartz (publication)
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
Rwanda
Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Sepsis
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
Sex education
Sex education, also known as sexual education, sexuality education or sex ed, is the instruction of issues relating to human sexuality, including human sexual anatomy, sexual activity, sexual reproduction, safe sex, and birth control, sexual health, reproductive health, emotional relations and responsibilities, age of consent, and reproductive rights.
See Maternal death and Sex education
Sexually transmitted infection
A sexually transmitted infection (STI), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and the older term venereal disease (VD), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, or sometimes manual sex.
See Maternal death and Sexually transmitted infection
Sisterhood method
The Sisterhood Method is a household survey to estimate maternal deaths recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Maternal death and Sisterhood method are Demography and midwifery.
See Maternal death and Sisterhood method
Social inequality occurs when resources within a society are distributed unevenly, often as a result of inequitable allocation practices that create distinct unequal patterns based on socially defined categories of people.
See Maternal death and Social inequality
Social isolation is a state of complete or near-complete lack of contact between an individual and society.
See Maternal death and Social isolation
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
See Maternal death and South Africa
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.
See Maternal death and South Korea
Spain
Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.
Stroke
Stroke (also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack) is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death.
Substance use disorder
Substance use disorder (SUD) is the persistent use of drugs despite the substantial harm and adverse consequences to one's own self and others, as a result of their use.
See Maternal death and Substance use disorder
Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.
Sustainable Development Goal 3
Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3 or Global Goal 3), regarding "Good Health and Well-being", is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015.
See Maternal death and Sustainable Development Goal 3
Sustainable Development Goals
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations members in 2015, created 17 world Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
See Maternal death and Sustainable Development Goals
Tamponade
Tamponade is the closure or blockage (as of a wound or body cavity) by or as if by a tampon, especially to stop bleeding.
See Maternal death and Tamponade
Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.
See Maternal death and Tanzania
The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind.
See Maternal death and The Lancet
Thrombosis
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
See Maternal death and Thrombosis
Thrombus
A thrombus (thrombi), colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.
See Maternal death and Thrombus
Uganda
Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa.
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
See Maternal death and United Nations
United Nations Population Fund
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal health worldwide.
See Maternal death and United Nations Population Fund
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
See Maternal death and World Bank
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
See Maternal death and World Health Organization
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_death
Also known as 20th century/Maternal death rates, Death by childbirth, Death in childbirth, Died in childbirth, Gravidacide, Maternal Mortality, Maternal Mortality Rate, Maternal death rates, Maternal deaths, Obstetric death, Obstetrical death, Peripartum mortality, Pregnancy death, Pregnancy-associated death, Three delays.
, Healthcare in the United States, HIV, HIV/AIDS, Human Development Index, Hypertension, Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, India, Indonesia, Infant mortality, Infection, Italy, Kamala Harris, List of women who died in childbirth, Malaria, Malawi, Maternal mortality in fiction, Maternal mortality ratio, Maternal near miss, Mental health, Mexico, Midwife, Millennium Development Goals, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Non-pneumatic anti-shock garment, Obstetric transition, Obstetrical bleeding, Obstetrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology (journal), Obstructed labour, ODI (think tank), Operative vaginal delivery, Pakistan, Parents (magazine), Pediatric nursing, Perinatal mortality, Placenta, Postpartum bleeding, Postpartum infections, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy, Prenatal care, Preterm birth, Preventable causes of death, Public health, Pulmonary embolism, Quartz (publication), Russia, Rwanda, Sepsis, Sex education, Sexually transmitted infection, Sisterhood method, Social inequality, Social isolation, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Stroke, Substance use disorder, Sudan, Sustainable Development Goal 3, Sustainable Development Goals, Tamponade, Tanzania, The Lancet, Thrombosis, Thrombus, Uganda, United Nations, United Nations Population Fund, World Bank, World Health Organization.