Maya civilization, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 371 relations: Acropolis, Adjective, Adobe, Adverb, Aguateca, Ajaw, Alfred Maudslay, Altun Ha, Amate, Americas, Ancient Egypt, Ancient history, Ancient Maya art, Ancient Maya cuisine, Ancient Maya graffiti, Andean civilizations, Annatto, Astrology, Avocado, Awilix, Aztecs, Babylonian mathematics, Bacab, Becan, Belize, Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil, Biodegradation, Blowgun, Bonampak, Bow and arrow, Calakmul, Campeche, Caracol, Caravel, Caribbean, Cassava, Casting, Catholic Church, Chaac, Chak Tok Ichʼaak I, Chert, Chiapas, Chicanná, Chichen Itza, Chiefdom, Childhood in Maya society, Chili pepper, Chocolá, Christianization, Christopher Columbus, ... Expand index (321 more) »

2. 1697 disestablishments in North America
3. 2nd-millennium BC establishments
4. Former countries in North America
5. Former monarchies of North America
6. History of Belize
7. History of Chiapas
8. History of El Salvador
9. History of Guatemala
10. History of Honduras
11. History of the Yucatán Peninsula

Acropolis

An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense.

See Maya civilization and Acropolis

Adjective

An adjective (abbreviated adj.) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.

See Maya civilization and Adjective

Adobe

Adobe is a building material made from earth and organic materials.

See Maya civilization and Adobe

Adverb

An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence.

See Maya civilization and Adverb

Aguateca

Aguateca is a Maya site located in northern Guatemala's Petexbatun Basin, in the department of Petén. Maya civilization and Aguateca are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Aguateca

Ajaw

Ajaw or Ahau ('Lord') is a pre-Columbian Maya political title attested from epigraphic inscriptions.

See Maya civilization and Ajaw

Alfred Maudslay

Alfred Percival Maudslay (18 March 1850 – 22 January 1931) was a British colonial administrator and archaeologist.

See Maya civilization and Alfred Maudslay

Altun Ha

Altun Ha is the name given to the ruins of an ancient Maya city in Belize, located in the Belize District about north of Belize City and about west of the shore of the Caribbean Sea. Maya civilization and Altun Ha are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Altun Ha

Amate

Amate (amate from āmatl) is a type of bark paper that has been manufactured in Mexico since the precontact times.

See Maya civilization and Amate

Americas

The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.

See Maya civilization and Americas

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.

See Maya civilization and Ancient Egypt

Ancient history

Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity.

See Maya civilization and Ancient history

Ancient Maya art

Ancient Maya art comprises the visual arts of the Maya civilization, an eastern and south-eastern Mesoamerican culture made up of a great number of small kingdoms in present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras.

See Maya civilization and Ancient Maya art

Ancient Maya cuisine

Ancient Maya cuisine was varied and extensive.

See Maya civilization and Ancient Maya cuisine

Ancient Maya graffiti

Ancient Maya graffiti are a little-studied area of folk art of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization.

See Maya civilization and Ancient Maya graffiti

Andean civilizations

The Andean civilizations were South American complex societies of many indigenous people.

See Maya civilization and Andean civilizations

Annatto

Annatto is an orange-red condiment and food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana), native to tropical parts of the Americas.

See Maya civilization and Annatto

Astrology

Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects.

See Maya civilization and Astrology

Avocado

The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (Persea americana) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae).

See Maya civilization and Avocado

Awilix

Awilix (also spelt Ahuilix, Auilix and Avilix) was a goddess (or possibly a god) of the Postclassic Kʼicheʼ Maya, who had a large kingdom in the highlands of Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Awilix

Aztecs

The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.

See Maya civilization and Aztecs

Babylonian mathematics

Babylonian mathematics (also known as Assyro-Babylonian mathematics) is the mathematics developed or practiced by the people of Mesopotamia, as attested by sources mainly surviving from the Old Babylonian period (1830–1531 BC) to the Seleucid from the last three or four centuries BC.

See Maya civilization and Babylonian mathematics

Bacab

Bacab is the generic Yucatec Maya name for the four prehispanic aged deities of the interior of the Earth and its water deposits.

See Maya civilization and Bacab

Becan

Becan (Spanish: Becán) is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Maya civilization and Becan are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Becan

Belize

Belize (Bileez) is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America.

See Maya civilization and Belize

Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil

Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil (15 October 625 – ??) was a Maya king of Dos Pilas.

See Maya civilization and Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil

Biodegradation

Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.

See Maya civilization and Biodegradation

Blowgun

A blowgun (also called a blowpipe or blow tube) is a simple ranged weapon consisting of a long narrow tube for shooting light projectiles such as darts.

See Maya civilization and Blowgun

Bonampak

Bonampak (known anciently as Ak'e or, in its immediate area as Usiij Witz, 'Vulture Hill') is an ancient Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Chiapas. Maya civilization and Bonampak are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Bonampak

Bow and arrow

The bow and arrow is a ranged weapon system consisting of an elastic launching device (bow) and long-shafted projectiles (arrows).

See Maya civilization and Bow and arrow

Calakmul

Calakmul (also Kalakmul and other less frequent variants) is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche, deep in the jungles of the greater Petén Basin region. Maya civilization and Calakmul are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Calakmul

Campeche

Campeche (Kaampech), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Campeche (Free and Sovereign State of Campeche), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Campeche

Caracol

Caracol is a large ancient Maya archaeological site, located in what is now the Cayo District of Belize. Maya civilization and Caracol are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Caracol

Caravel

The caravel (Portuguese: caravela) is a small maneuverable sailing ship that uses both lateen and square sails and was known for its agility and speed and its capacity for sailing windward (beating).

See Maya civilization and Caravel

Caribbean

The Caribbean (el Caribe; les Caraïbes; de Caraïben) is a subregion of the Americas that includes the Caribbean Sea and its islands, some of which are surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some of which border both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; the nearby coastal areas on the mainland are sometimes also included in the region.

See Maya civilization and Caribbean

Cassava

Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, manioc,--> or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes.

See Maya civilization and Cassava

Casting

Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify.

See Maya civilization and Casting

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

See Maya civilization and Catholic Church

Chaac

Chaac (also spelled Chac or, in Classic Mayan, Chaahk) is the name of the Maya god of rain, thunder, and lightning.

See Maya civilization and Chaac

Chak Tok Ichʼaak I

Chak Tok Ichʼaak IThe ruler's name, when transcribed, is CHAK-TOK-ICHʼA꞉K, translated "Great Misty? Claw", Martin & Grube 2008, p.28.

See Maya civilization and Chak Tok Ichʼaak I

Chert

Chert is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).

See Maya civilization and Chert

Chiapas

Chiapas (Tzotzil and Tzeltal: Chyapas), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas (Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas), is one of the states that make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Chiapas

Chicanná

Chicanná was a Maya town that was built during the Classic period (600 A.D. to 830 A.D.). The site was named after its most famous building, Structure II, which means "House of the Serpent Mouth" in Mayan. Maya civilization and Chicanná are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Chicanná

Chichen Itza

Chichén Itzá, Chichén Itzá, often with the emphasis reversed in English to; from Chiʼchʼèen Ìitshaʼ "at the mouth of the well of the Itza people" (often spelled Chichen Itza in English and traditional Yucatec Maya) was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic period. Maya civilization and Chichen Itza are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Chichen Itza

Chiefdom

A chiefdom is a political organization of people represented or governed by a chief.

See Maya civilization and Chiefdom

Childhood in Maya society

The role of the children in ancient Mayan civilization was first, and foremost, to help their elders.

See Maya civilization and Childhood in Maya society

Chili pepper

Chili peppers, also spelled chile or chilli, are varieties of the berry-fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade family Solanaceae, cultivated for their pungency.

See Maya civilization and Chili pepper

Chocolá

Chocolá is a Preclassic Southern Maya site whose developmental emphasis was from 1000 BC to AD 200. Maya civilization and Chocolá are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Chocolá

Christianization

Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity.

See Maya civilization and Christianization

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

See Maya civilization and Christopher Columbus

Chunchucmil

Chunchucmil was once a large, sprawling pre-Columbian Maya city located in the western part of what is now the state of Yucatán, Mexico. Maya civilization and Chunchucmil are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Chunchucmil

City-state

A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.

See Maya civilization and City-state

Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).

See Maya civilization and Civil war

Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

See Maya civilization and Clan

Classic Maya collapse

In archaeology, the classic Maya collapse is the decline of the Classic Maya civilization and the abandonment of Maya cities in the southern Maya lowlands of Mesoamerica between the 7th and 9th centuries. Maya civilization and classic Maya collapse are history of the Yucatán Peninsula.

See Maya civilization and Classic Maya collapse

Classic Maya language

Classic Maya (or properly Classical Chʼoltiʼ) is the oldest historically attested member of the Mayan language family.

See Maya civilization and Classic Maya language

Classical Greece

Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (the 5th and 4th centuries BC) in Ancient Greece,The "Classical Age" is "the modern designation of the period from about 500 B.C. to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C." (Thomas R. Martin, Ancient Greece, Yale University Press, 1996, p.

See Maya civilization and Classical Greece

Coba

Coba (Cobá) is an ancient Maya city on the Yucatán Peninsula, located in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Maya civilization and Coba are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Coba

Cocoa bean

The cocoa bean, also known simply as cocoa or cacao, is the dried and fully fermented seed of Theobroma cacao, the cacao tree, from which cocoa solids (a mixture of nonfat substances) and cocoa butter (the fat) can be extracted.

See Maya civilization and Cocoa bean

Codex

The codex (codices) was the historical ancestor of the modern book.

See Maya civilization and Codex

Coiling (pottery)

Coiling is a method of creating pottery.

See Maya civilization and Coiling (pottery)

Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.

See Maya civilization and Colombia

Comalcalco

Comalcalco is a city located in Comalcalco Municipality about 45 miles (60 km) northwest of Villahermosa in the Mexican state of Tabasco.

See Maya civilization and Comalcalco

Copán

Copán is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization in the Copán Department of western Honduras, not far from the border with Guatemala. Maya civilization and Copán are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Copán

Corbel arch

A corbel arch (or corbeled / corbelled arch) is an arch-like construction method that uses the architectural technique of corbeling to span a space or void in a structure, such as an entranceway in a wall or as the span of a bridge.

See Maya civilization and Corbel arch

Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

See Maya civilization and Cotton

Cucurbita

gourd is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as cucurbits or cucurbi), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Cucurbita

Cuello

Cuello is a Maya archaeological site in northern Belize. Maya civilization and Cuello are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Cuello

Dart (missile)

Darts are airborne ranged weapons.

See Maya civilization and Dart (missile)

Death mask

A death mask is a likeness (typically in wax or plaster cast) of a person's face after their death, usually made by taking a cast or impression from the corpse.

See Maya civilization and Death mask

Diego de Landa

Diego de Landa Calderón, O.F.M. (12 November 1524 – 29 April 1579) was a Spanish Franciscan bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Yucatán.

See Maya civilization and Diego de Landa

Divination

Divination is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic ritual or practice.

See Maya civilization and Divination

Dogs in Mesoamerica

Dogs in Mesoamerica of various sorts are known to have existed in prehispanic times as shown by archaeological and iconographical sources, and the testimonies of the 16th-century Spaniards.

See Maya civilization and Dogs in Mesoamerica

Dos Pilas

Dos Pilas is a Pre-Columbian site of the Maya civilization located in what is now the department of Petén, Guatemala. Maya civilization and Dos Pilas are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Dos Pilas

Dresden Codex

The Dresden Codex is a Maya book, which was believed to be the oldest surviving book written in the Americas, dating to the 11th or 12th century.

See Maya civilization and Dresden Codex

Drought

A drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions.

See Maya civilization and Drought

Dumbarton Oaks

Dumbarton Oaks, formally the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, is a historic estate in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It was the residence and gardens of wealthy U.S. diplomat Robert Woods Bliss and his wife Mildred Barnes Bliss.

See Maya civilization and Dumbarton Oaks

Dzibilchaltun

Dzibilchaltún (Yucatec: Ts'íibil Cháaltun) is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Yucatán, approximately north of state capital of Mérida. Maya civilization and Dzibilchaltun are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Dzibilchaltun

E-Group

E-Groups are unique architectural complexes found among a number of ancient Maya settlements.

See Maya civilization and E-Group

Early modern period

The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity.

See Maya civilization and Early modern period

Eccentric flint

An eccentric flint is an elite chipped artifact of an often irregular ('eccentric') shape produced by the Classic Maya civilization of ancient Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Eccentric flint

El Caracol, Chichen Itza

El Caracol, the Observatory, is a unique structure at pre-Columbian Maya civilization site of Chichen Itza.

See Maya civilization and El Caracol, Chichen Itza

El Castillo, Chichen Itza

El Castillo (Spanish for "the castle"), also known as the Temple of Kukulcan is a Mesoamerican step-pyramid that dominates the center of the Chichen Itza archaeological site in the Mexican state of Yucatán.

See Maya civilization and El Castillo, Chichen Itza

El Mirador

El Mirador (which translates as "the lookout", "the viewpoint", or "the belvedere") is a large pre-Columbian Middle and Late Preclassic (1000 BC – 250 AD) Maya settlement, located in the north of the modern department of El Petén, Guatemala. Maya civilization and El Mirador are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and El Mirador

El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America.

See Maya civilization and El Salvador

Entheogenics and the Maya

The consumption of hallucinogenic plants as entheogens goes back to thousands of years.

See Maya civilization and Entheogenics and the Maya

Epigraphy

Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.

See Maya civilization and Epigraphy

Equinox

A solar equinox is a moment in time when the Sun crosses the Earth's equator, which is to say, appears directly above the equator, rather than north or south of the equator.

See Maya civilization and Equinox

Ethnography

Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures.

See Maya civilization and Ethnography

Feathered Serpent

The Feathered Serpent is a prominent supernatural entity or deity, found in many Mesoamerican religions.

See Maya civilization and Feathered Serpent

Flint

Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone.

See Maya civilization and Flint

Folk art

Folk art covers all forms of visual art made in the context of folk culture.

See Maya civilization and Folk art

Form (architecture)

In architecture, form refers to a combination of external appearance, internal structure, and the unity of the design as a whole, an order created by the architect using space and mass.

See Maya civilization and Form (architecture)

Fort Worth, Texas

Fort Worth is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Tarrant County, covering nearly into Denton, Johnson, Parker, and Wise counties.

See Maya civilization and Fort Worth, Texas

Fourth voyage of Columbus

The fourth voyage of Columbus was a Spanish maritime expedition in 1502–1504 to the western Caribbean Sea led by Christopher Columbus. Maya civilization and fourth voyage of Columbus are history of Honduras.

See Maya civilization and Fourth voyage of Columbus

Francisco de Montejo

Francisco de Montejo (1479 – 1553) was a Spanish conquistador in Mexico and Central America.

See Maya civilization and Francisco de Montejo

Francisco de Montejo the Younger

Francisco de Montejo y León (1508 – 8 February 1565), known as "the Younger" (el Mozo), was a Spanish conquistador, who in 1542 founded the city of Mérida, capital of State of Yucatán, Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Francisco de Montejo the Younger

Frederick Catherwood

Frederick Catherwood (27 February 1799 – 27 September 1854) was an English artist, architect and explorer, best remembered for his meticulously detailed drawings of the ruins of the Maya civilization.

See Maya civilization and Frederick Catherwood

Glyph

A glyph is any kind of purposeful mark.

See Maya civilization and Glyph

Greenstone (archaeology)

Greenstone is a common generic term for valuable, green-hued minerals and metamorphosed igneous rocks and stones which early cultures used in the fashioning of hardstone carvings such as jewelry, statuettes, ritual tools, and various other artifacts.

See Maya civilization and Greenstone (archaeology)

Guatemala

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America.

See Maya civilization and Guatemala

Guatemalan Highlands

The Guatemalan Highlands is an upland region in southern Guatemala, lying between the Sierra Madre de Chiapas to the south and the Petén lowlands to the north.

See Maya civilization and Guatemalan Highlands

Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent.

See Maya civilization and Gulf of Mexico

Haabʼ

The Haabʼ is part of the Maya calendric system.

See Maya civilization and Haabʼ

Hallucinogen

Hallucinogens are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes.

See Maya civilization and Hallucinogen

Heliacal rising

The heliacal rising of a star or a planet occurs annually when it first becomes visible above the eastern horizon at dawn just before sunrise (thus becoming "the morning star") after a complete orbit of the Earth around the Sun.

See Maya civilization and Heliacal rising

Hernán Cortés

Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (December 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.

See Maya civilization and Hernán Cortés

High king

A high king is a king who holds a position of seniority over a group of other kings, without the title of emperor.

See Maya civilization and High king

History of chocolate

The history of chocolate dates back over 5,000 years.

See Maya civilization and History of chocolate

Hochob

Hochob is an archaeological site Maya culture located in the Mexican state of Campeche, about 10 minutes from the city of Dzibalchén, in the region called The Chenes.

See Maya civilization and Hochob

Holmul

Holmul is a pre-Columbian archaeological site of the Maya civilization located in the northeastern Petén Basin region in Guatemala near the modern-day border with Belize. Maya civilization and Holmul are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Holmul

Honduras

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America.

See Maya civilization and Honduras

Hormiguero, Mexico

Hormiguero was a Mayan city which was at its peak in the Late Classic Period (650–850).

See Maya civilization and Hormiguero, Mexico

Huastec civilization

The Huastec civilization (sometimes spelled Huaxtec or Wastek) was a pre-Columbian civilization of Mesoamerica, occupying a territory on the Gulf coast of Mexico that included the northern portion of Veracruz state, and neighbouring regions of the states of Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas.

See Maya civilization and Huastec civilization

Huastecan languages

The Huastecan languages of Mexico are the most divergent branch of the Mayan language family.

See Maya civilization and Huastecan languages

Human sacrifice in Maya culture

During the pre-Columbian era, human sacrifice in Maya culture was the ritual offering of nourishment to the gods and goddesses.

See Maya civilization and Human sacrifice in Maya culture

Human tooth sharpening

Human tooth sharpening is the practice of manually sharpening the teeth, usually the front incisors.

See Maya civilization and Human tooth sharpening

Human trophy taking in Mesoamerica

Most of the ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec, Maya, Mixtec, Zapotec and Aztec cultures practiced some kind of taking of human trophies during warfare.

See Maya civilization and Human trophy taking in Mesoamerica

Hun Hunahpu

Hun Hunahpu "One Hunahpu" (pronounced) is a figure of Late Postclassic Maya mythology whose name connects him to the XXth day of the day count, Hunahpu (corresponding to Classic Ahau "Lord").

See Maya civilization and Hun Hunahpu

Imperial cult

An imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor or a dynasty of emperors (or rulers of another title) are worshipped as demigods or deities.

See Maya civilization and Imperial cult

Inca Empire

The Inca Empire, officially known as the Realm of the Four Parts (Tawantinsuyu, "four parts together"), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.

See Maya civilization and Inca Empire

Index of Mexico-related articles

The following is an alphabetical index topics related to Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Index of Mexico-related articles

Isthmian script

The Isthmian script is an early set of symbols found in inscriptions around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, dating to, though with dates subject to disagreement.

See Maya civilization and Isthmian script

Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance (Rinascimento) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

See Maya civilization and Italian Renaissance

Itza people

The Itza are a Maya ethnic group native to the Péten region of northern Guatemala and parts of Belize. Maya civilization and Itza people are history of the Yucatán Peninsula.

See Maya civilization and Itza people

Itzamna

Itzamná is, in Maya mythology, an upper god and creator deity thought to reside in the sky.

See Maya civilization and Itzamna

Iximche

Iximcheʼ (or Iximché using Spanish orthography) is a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archaeological site in the western highlands of Guatemala. Maya civilization and Iximche are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Iximche

Ixkun

Ixkun (Ixcún or Ixkún in Spanish orthography) is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site, situated in the Petén Basin region of the southern Maya lowlands. Maya civilization and Ixkun are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Ixkun

J. Eric S. Thompson

Sir John Eric Sidney Thompson (31 December 1898 – 9 September 1975) was a leading English Mesoamerican archaeologist, ethnohistorian, and epigrapher.

See Maya civilization and J. Eric S. Thompson

Jacawitz

Jacawitz (also spelt Jakawitz, Jakawits, Qʼaqʼawits and Hacavitz) was a mountain god of the Postclassic Kʼicheʼ Maya of highland Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Jacawitz

Jade use in Mesoamerica

The use of jade in Mesoamerica for symbolic and ideological ritual was highly influenced by its rarity and value among pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Olmec, the Maya, and the various groups in the Valley of Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Jade use in Mesoamerica

Jaguar

The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas.

See Maya civilization and Jaguar

Jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures

The representation of jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures has a long history, with iconographic examples dating back to at least the mid-Formative period of Mesoamerican chronology.

See Maya civilization and Jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures

Jaina Island

Jaina Island is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site and artificial island in the present-day Mexican state of Campeche. Maya civilization and Jaina Island are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Jaina Island

Javelin

A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon.

See Maya civilization and Javelin

John Dee

John Dee (13 July 1527 – 1608 or 1609) was an English mathematician, astronomer, teacher, astrologer, occultist, and alchemist.

See Maya civilization and John Dee

John Lloyd Stephens

John Lloyd Stephens (November 28, 1805October 13, 1852) was an American explorer, writer, and diplomat.

See Maya civilization and John Lloyd Stephens

Joya de Cerén

Joya de Cerén (Jewel of Cerén in the Spanish language) is an archaeological site in La Libertad Department, El Salvador, featuring a pre-Columbian Maya farming village. Maya civilization and Joya de Cerén are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Joya de Cerén

Julian calendar

The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception).

See Maya civilization and Julian calendar

Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.

See Maya civilization and Jupiter

Kabah (Maya site)

Kabah is south of Uxmal, connected to that site by an long raised causeway wide with monumental arches at each end. Maya civilization and Kabah (Maya site) are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Kabah (Maya site)

Kaminaljuyu

Kaminaljuyu (pronounced; from Kʼicheʼʼ, "The Hill of the Dead") is a Pre-Columbian site of the Maya civilization located in Guatemala City. Primarily occupied from 1500 BC to 1200 AD, it has been described as one of the greatest archaeological sites in the New Worldalthough the extant remains are distinctly unimpressive. Maya civilization and Kaminaljuyu are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Kaminaljuyu

Kaqchikel people

The Kaqchikel (also called Kachiquel) are one of the Indigenous Maya peoples of the midwestern highlands of Guatemala and of southern Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Kaqchikel people

Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat

Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat, previously known variously as Cauac Sky, Kawak Sky, Butsʼ Tiliw and Butzʼ Tiʼliw, was the leader of the ancient Maya city-state of Quiriguá.

See Maya civilization and Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat

Kʼawiil

Kʼawiil, in the Post-Classic codices corresponding to God K, is a Maya deity identified with lightning, serpents, fertility and maize.

See Maya civilization and Kʼawiil

Kʼicheʼ kingdom of Qʼumarkaj

The Kʼicheʼ kingdom of Qʼumarkaj was a state in the highlands of modern-day Guatemala which was founded by the Kʼicheʼ (Quiché) Maya in the thirteenth century, and which expanded through the fifteenth century until it was conquered by Spanish and Nahua forces led by Pedro de Alvarado in 1524.

See Maya civilization and Kʼicheʼ kingdom of Qʼumarkaj

Kʼicheʼ people

Kʼicheʼ (pronounced; previous Spanish spelling: Quiché) are Indigenous peoples of the Americas and are one of the Maya peoples.

See Maya civilization and Kʼicheʼ people

Kʼin

A Kʼin is a part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to one day.

See Maya civilization and Kʼin

Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal

Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, also known as Pacal or Pacal the Great (March 24, 603 – August 29, 683),In the Maya calendar: born 9.8.9.13.0, 8 Ajaw 13 Pop; died 9.12.11.5.18, 6 Etzʼnab 11 Yax (Tiesler & Cucina 2004, p. 40).

See Maya civilization and Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal

Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ

Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ ("Great Sun, Quetzal Macaw the First", ruled 426 –) is named in Maya inscriptions as the founder and first ruler, kʼul ajaw (also rendered kʼul ahau and kʼul ahaw - meaning holy lord), of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization polity centered at Copán, a major Maya site located in the southeastern Maya lowlands region in present-day Honduras.

See Maya civilization and Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ

Kimbell Art Museum

The Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, hosts an art collection as well as traveling art exhibitions, educational programs and an extensive research library.

See Maya civilization and Kimbell Art Museum

Kinich Ahau

Kinich Ahau (Mayan) is the 16th-century Yucatec name of the Maya sun god, designated as God G when referring to the codices.

See Maya civilization and Kinich Ahau

Kohunlich

Kohunlich (X-làabch'e'en in Modern Mayan) is a large archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, located on the Yucatán Peninsula in the state of Quintana Roo about 25 km east of the Rio Bec region, and about 65 km west of Chetumal on Highway 186, and 9 km south of the road. Maya civilization and Kohunlich are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Kohunlich

Komchen

Komchén is a community in the Mérida Municipality in the state of Yucatán, located in southeastern Mexico. Maya civilization and Komchen are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Komchen

Kukulkan

K’uk’ulkan, also spelled Kukulkan ("Plumed Serpent", "Amazing Serpent"), is the serpent deity of Maya mythology.

See Maya civilization and Kukulkan

Labna

Labna (or Labná in Spanish orthography) is a Mesoamerican archaeological site and ceremonial center of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, located in the Puuc Hills region of the Yucatán Peninsula. Maya civilization and Labna are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Labna

Land degradation

Land degradation is a process in which the value of the or biophysical or biochemical environment is affected by a combination of natural or human-induced processes acting upon the land.

See Maya civilization and Land degradation

Lintel

A lintel or lintol is a type of beam (a horizontal structural element) that spans openings such as portals, doors, windows and fireplaces.

See Maya civilization and Lintel

Lithic core

In archaeology, a lithic core is a distinctive artifact that results from the practice of lithic reduction.

See Maya civilization and Lithic core

Littoral zone

The littoral zone, also called litoral or nearshore, is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore.

See Maya civilization and Littoral zone

Logogram

In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek 'word', and 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme.

See Maya civilization and Logogram

Los Cerrillos, New Mexico

Los Cerrillos is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States.

See Maya civilization and Los Cerrillos, New Mexico

Lost-wax casting

Lost-wax castingalso called investment casting, precision casting, or cire perdue (borrowed from French)is the process by which a duplicate sculpture (often a metal, such as silver, gold, brass, or bronze) is cast from an original sculpture.

See Maya civilization and Lost-wax casting

Macuahuitl

A macuahuitl is a weapon, a wooden club with several embedded obsidian blades.

See Maya civilization and Macuahuitl

Madrid Codex (Maya)

The Madrid Codex (also known as the Tro-Cortesianus Codex or the Troano Codex)García Saíz et al.

See Maya civilization and Madrid Codex (Maya)

Maize

Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.

See Maya civilization and Maize

Mamean languages

The (Greater) Mamean family is a branch of the Eastern Mayan language group.

See Maya civilization and Mamean languages

Man-hour

A man-hour or human-hour is the amount of work performed by the average worker in one hour.

See Maya civilization and Man-hour

Manche Chʼol

The Manche Chʼol (Ch'olti' menche) were a Maya people who constituted the former Manche Chʼol Territory, a Postclassic polity of the southern Maya Lowlands, within the extreme south of what is now Petén and the area around Lake Izabal (also known as the Golfo Dulce) in northern Guatemala, and southern Belize. Maya civilization and Manche Chʼol are former countries in North America and history of Belize.

See Maya civilization and Manche Chʼol

Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

See Maya civilization and Market economy

Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.

See Maya civilization and Mars

Martín de Ursúa

Martín de Ursúa (or Urzúa) y Arizmendi (February 22, 1653 – February 4, 1715), Count of Lizárraga and of Castillo, was a Spanish conquistador in Central America during the late colonial period of New Spain.

See Maya civilization and Martín de Ursúa

Maya architecture

The Mayan architecture of the Maya civilization spans across several thousands of years, several eras of political change, and architectural innovation before the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

See Maya civilization and Maya architecture

Maya astronomy

Maya astronomy is the study of the Moon, planets, Milky Way, Sun, and astronomical phenomena by the Precolumbian Maya Civilization of Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Maya astronomy

Maya calendar

The Maya calendar is a system of calendars used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and in many modern communities in the Guatemalan highlands, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Maya calendar

Maya ceramics

Maya ceramics are ceramics produced in the Pre-Columbian Maya culture of Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Maya ceramics

Maya city

Maya cities were the centres of population of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Maya city

Maya Codex of Mexico

The Maya Codex of Mexico (MCM) is a Maya screenfold codex manuscript of a pre-Columbian type.

See Maya civilization and Maya Codex of Mexico

Maya codices

Maya codices (codex) are folding books written by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization in Maya hieroglyphic script on Mesoamerican bark paper.

See Maya civilization and Maya codices

Maya dance

In pre-Columbian Maya civilization, ceremonial dance had great importance.

See Maya civilization and Maya dance

Maya death gods

The Maya death gods (also Ah Puch, Ah Cimih, Ah Cizin, Hun Ahau, Kimi, or Yum Kimil) known by a variety of names, are two basic types of death gods who are respectively represented by the 16th-century Yucatec deities Hunhau and Uacmitun Ahau mentioned by Spanish Bishop Diego de Landa.

See Maya civilization and Maya death gods

Maya death rituals

Death rituals were an important part of Maya religion.

See Maya civilization and Maya death rituals

Maya Forest

The Maya Forest is a tropical moist broadleaf forest that covers much of the Yucatan Peninsula, thereby encompassing Belize, northern Guatemala, and southeastern Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Maya Forest

Maya Hero Twins

The Maya Hero Twins are the central figures of a narrative included within the colonial Kʼicheʼ document called Popol Vuh, and constituting the oldest Maya myth to have been preserved in its entirety.

See Maya civilization and Maya Hero Twins

Maya jaguar gods

The pre-Columbian Maya religion knew various jaguar gods, in addition to jaguar demi-gods, (ancestral) protectors, and transformers.

See Maya civilization and Maya jaguar gods

Maya Lowlands

The Maya Lowlands are the largest cultural and geographic, first order subdivision of the Maya Region, located in eastern Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Maya Lowlands

Maya maize god

Like other Mesoamerican peoples, the traditional Maya recognize in their staple crop, maize, a vital force with which they strongly identify.

See Maya civilization and Maya maize god

Maya moon goddess

The traditional Mayas generally assume the Moon to be female, and the Moon's perceived phases are accordingly conceived as the stages of a woman's life.

See Maya civilization and Maya moon goddess

Maya music

The music of the ancient Mayan courts is described throughout native and Spanish 16th-century texts and is depicted in the art of the Classic Period (200–900 AD).

See Maya civilization and Maya music

Maya mythology

Mayan or Maya mythology is part in of Mesoamerican mythology and comprises all of the Maya tales in which personified forces of nature, deities, and the heroes interacting with these play the main roles.

See Maya civilization and Maya mythology

Maya numerals

The Mayan numeral system was the system to represent numbers and calendar dates in the Maya civilization.

See Maya civilization and Maya numerals

Maya peoples

The Maya are an ethnolinguistic group of indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Maya peoples

Maya priesthood

Until the discovery that Maya stelae depicted kings instead of high priests, the Maya priesthood and their preoccupations had been a main scholarly concern.

See Maya civilization and Maya priesthood

Maya Region

The Maya Region is cultural, first order subdivision of Mesoamerica, located in the eastern half of the latter.

See Maya civilization and Maya Region

Maya religion

The traditional Maya or Mayan religion of the extant Maya peoples of Guatemala, Belize, western Honduras, and the Tabasco, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Campeche and Yucatán states of Mexico is part of the wider frame of Mesoamerican religion.

See Maya civilization and Maya religion

Maya script

Maya script, also known as Maya glyphs, is historically the native writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican writing system that has been substantially deciphered.

See Maya civilization and Maya script

Maya stelae

Maya stelae (singular stela) are monuments that were fashioned by the Maya civilization of ancient Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Maya stelae

Maya warfare

Although the Maya were once thought to have been peaceful, current theories emphasize the role of inter-polity warfare as a factor in the development and perpetuation of Maya society.

See Maya civilization and Maya warfare

Maya–Toltec controversy at Chichen Itza

Chichen Itza and Tula have numerous architectural similarities in a number of their constructions.

See Maya civilization and Maya–Toltec controversy at Chichen Itza

Mayan languages

The Mayan languagesIn linguistics, it is conventional to use Mayan when referring to the languages, or an aspect of a language.

See Maya civilization and Mayan languages

Mayanist

A Mayanist (mayista) is a scholar specialising in research and study of the Mesoamerican pre-Columbian Maya civilisation.

See Maya civilization and Mayanist

Mayapan

Mayapan (Màayapáan in Modern Maya; in Spanish Mayapán) is a Pre-Columbian Maya site a couple of kilometers south of the town of Telchaquillo in Municipality of Tecoh, approximately 40 km south-east of Mérida and 100 km west of Chichen Itza; in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. Maya civilization and Mayapan are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Mayapan

Medieval Latin

Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages.

See Maya civilization and Medieval Latin

Mercury (planet)

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System.

See Maya civilization and Mercury (planet)

Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the lands of central and southern Mexico, all of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

See Maya civilization and Mesoamerica

Mesoamerican ballcourt

A Mesoamerican ballcourt (tlachtli) is a large masonry structure of a type used in Mesoamerica for more than 2,700 years to play the Mesoamerican ballgame, particularly the hip-ball version of the ballgame.

See Maya civilization and Mesoamerican ballcourt

Mesoamerican chronology

Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Preclassic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic; as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present).

See Maya civilization and Mesoamerican chronology

Mesoamerican creation myths

Mesoamerican creation myths are the collection of creation myths attributed to, or documented for, the various cultures and civilizations of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and Mesoamerican literature.

See Maya civilization and Mesoamerican creation myths

Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is a non-repeating base-20 and base-18 calendar used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya.

See Maya civilization and Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

Mesoamerican pyramids

Mesoamerican pyramids form a prominent part of ancient Mesoamerican architecture.

See Maya civilization and Mesoamerican pyramids

Mesoamerican writing systems

Mesoamerica, along with Mesopotamia and China, is one of three known places in the world where writing is thought to have developed independently.

See Maya civilization and Mesoamerican writing systems

Mexico

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.

See Maya civilization and Mexico

Michael D. Coe

Michael Douglas Coe (May 14, 1929 – September 25, 2019) was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, epigrapher, and author.

See Maya civilization and Michael D. Coe

Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture

The use of mirrors in Mesoamerican culture was associated with the idea that they served as portals to a realm that could be seen but not interacted with.

See Maya civilization and Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture

Mixco Viejo

Mixco Viejo ("Old Mixco"), occasionally spelt Mixcu Viejo, is an archaeological site in the north east of the Chimaltenango department of Guatemala, some to the north of Guatemala City and from the junction of the rivers Pixcaya and Motagua. Maya civilization and Mixco Viejo are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Mixco Viejo

Mixtec

The Mixtecs, or Mixtecos, are Indigenous Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico inhabiting the region known as La Mixteca of Oaxaca and Puebla as well as La Montaña Region and Costa Chica Regions of the state of Guerrero.

See Maya civilization and Mixtec

Mortar and pestle

A mortar and pestle is a set of two simple tools used to prepare ingredients or substances by crushing and grinding them into a fine paste or powder in the kitchen, laboratory, and pharmacy.

See Maya civilization and Mortar and pestle

Motul de San José

Motul de San José is an ancient Maya site (known anciently as Ik'a, 'Windy Water') located just north of Lake Petén Itzá in the Petén Basin region of the southern Maya lowlands. Maya civilization and Motul de San José are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Motul de San José

Mundo Perdido, Tikal

The Mundo Perdido (Spanish for "Lost World") is the largest ceremonial complex dating from the Preclassic period at the ancient Maya city of Tikal, in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala. Maya civilization and Mundo Perdido, Tikal are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Mundo Perdido, Tikal

Muscovy duck

The Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) is a duck native to the Americas, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico south to Argentina and Uruguay.

See Maya civilization and Muscovy duck

Nakbe

Nakbe is one of the largest early Maya archaeological sites. Maya civilization and Nakbe are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Nakbe

Nakum

Nakum ("House of the pot") is a Mesoamerican archaeological site, and a former ceremonial center and city of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. Maya civilization and Nakum are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Nakum

Naranjo

Naranjo (Wak Kab'nal in Mayan) is a Pre-Columbian Maya city in the Petén Basin region of Guatemala. Maya civilization and Naranjo are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Naranjo

Neolithic

The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.

See Maya civilization and Neolithic

Nikolai Grube

Nikolai Grube is a German epigrapher.

See Maya civilization and Nikolai Grube

Nojpetén

Nojpetén (also spelled Noh Petén, and also known as Tayasal) was the capital city of the Itza Maya kingdom of Petén Itzá. Maya civilization and Nojpetén are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Nojpetén

Noun

In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas.

See Maya civilization and Noun

Nymphaea

Nymphaea is a genus of hardy and tender aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae.

See Maya civilization and Nymphaea

Oaxaca

Oaxaca (also,, from Huāxyacac), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca (Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca), is one of the 32 states that compose the Federative Entities of the United Mexican States.

See Maya civilization and Oaxaca

Obsidian use in Mesoamerica

Obsidian is a naturally formed volcanic glass that was an important part of the material culture of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Obsidian use in Mesoamerica

Ocellated turkey

The ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) is a species of turkey residing primarily in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, as well as in parts of Belize and Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Ocellated turkey

Old World

The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe after 1493, when Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas.

See Maya civilization and Old World

Olmecs

The Olmecs were the earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization.

See Maya civilization and Olmecs

Palace

A palace is a large residence, often serving as a royal residence or the home for a head of state or another high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop.

See Maya civilization and Palace

Palenque

Palenque (Yucatec Maya: Bàakʼ), also anciently known in the Itza Language as Lakamhaʼ ("Big Water or Big Waters"), was a Maya city state in southern Mexico that perished in the 8th century. Maya civilization and Palenque are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Palenque

Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America.

See Maya civilization and Panama

Paris Codex

The Paris Codex (also known as the Codex Peresianus and Codex Pérez) is one of three surviving generally accepted pre-Columbian Maya books dating to the Postclassic Period of Mesoamerican chronology (–1521 AD).

See Maya civilization and Paris Codex

Patrilineality

Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage.

See Maya civilization and Patrilineality

Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology

The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology is a museum affiliated with Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

See Maya civilization and Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology

Pedro de Alvarado

Pedro de Alvarado (c. 1485 – 4 July 1541) was a Spanish conquistador and governor of Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Pedro de Alvarado

Petén Basin

The Petén Basin is a geographical subregion of the Maya Lowlands, primarily located in northern Guatemala within the Department of El Petén, and into the state of Campeche in southeastern Mexico. Maya civilization and Petén Basin are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Petén Basin

Petexbatún Lake

Petexbatún is a small lake formed by a river of the same name, which is a tributary of the La Pasion river.

See Maya civilization and Petexbatún Lake

Phaseolus vulgaris

Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean,, is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or green, unripe pods.

See Maya civilization and Phaseolus vulgaris

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

See Maya civilization and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

Phonemic orthography

A phonemic orthography is an orthography (system for writing a language) in which the graphemes (written symbols) correspond consistently to the language's phonemes (the smallest units of speech that can differentiate words).

See Maya civilization and Phonemic orthography

Phonetics

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds or, in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign.

See Maya civilization and Phonetics

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15.

See Maya civilization and Phosphorus

Piedras Negras (Maya site)

Piedras Negras is the modern name for a ruined city of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization located on the north bank of the Usumacinta River in the Petén department of northwestern Guatemala. Maya civilization and Piedras Negras (Maya site) are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Piedras Negras (Maya site)

Popol Vuh

Popol Vuh (also Popul Vuh or Pop Vuj) is a text recounting the mythology and history of the Kʼicheʼ people of Guatemala, one of the Maya peoples who also inhabit the Mexican states of Chiapas, Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo, as well as areas of Belize, Honduras and El Salvador.

See Maya civilization and Popol Vuh

Positional notation

Positional notation (or place-value notation, or positional numeral system) usually denotes the extension to any base of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system (or decimal system).

See Maya civilization and Positional notation

Potter's wheel

In pottery, a potter's wheel is a machine used in the shaping (known as throwing) of clay into round ceramic ware.

See Maya civilization and Potter's wheel

Pre-Columbian era

In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era, also known as the pre-contact era, spans from the original peopling of the Americas in the Upper Paleolithic to European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492.

See Maya civilization and Pre-Columbian era

Preclassic Maya

The Preclassic period in Maya history stretches from the beginning of permanent village life c. 1000 BC until the advent of the Classic Period c. 250 AD, and is subdivided into Early (prior to 1000 BC), Middle (1000–400 BC), and Late (400 BC – 250 AD). Maya civilization and Preclassic Maya are history of the Yucatán Peninsula and maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Preclassic Maya

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).

See Maya civilization and Pregnancy

Prestige (sociolinguistics)

In sociolinguistics, prestige is the level of regard normally accorded a specific language or dialect within a speech community, relative to other languages or dialects.

See Maya civilization and Prestige (sociolinguistics)

Primogeniture

Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative.

See Maya civilization and Primogeniture

Project Muse

Project MUSE (Museums Uniting with Schools in Education), a non-profit collaboration between libraries and publishers, is an online database of peer-reviewed academic journals and electronic books.

See Maya civilization and Project Muse

Proleptic Gregorian calendar

The proleptic Gregorian calendar is produced by extending the Gregorian calendar backward to the dates preceding its official introduction in 1582.

See Maya civilization and Proleptic Gregorian calendar

Proto-Mayan language

Proto-Mayan is the hypothetical common ancestor of the 30 living Mayan languages, as well as the Classic Maya language documented in the Maya inscriptions.

See Maya civilization and Proto-Mayan language

Puuc

Puuc is the name of either a region in the Mexican state of Yucatán or a Maya architectural style prevalent in that region. Maya civilization and Puuc are history of the Yucatán Peninsula.

See Maya civilization and Puuc

Qʼanjobalan languages

The Qʼanjobalan a.k.a. Kanjobalan–Chujean languages are a branch of the Mayan family of Mexico and Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Qʼanjobalan languages

Qʼumarkaj

Qʼumarkaj (Kʼicheʼ) (sometimes rendered as Gumarkaaj, Gumarcaj, Cumarcaj or Kumarcaaj) is an archaeological site in the southwest of the El Quiché department of Guatemala. Maya civilization and Qʼumarkaj are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Qʼumarkaj

Qʼuqʼumatz

Qʼuqʼumatz (alternatively Gukumatz) was a god of wind and rain of the Postclassic Kʼicheʼ Maya.

See Maya civilization and Qʼuqʼumatz

Quetzal

Quetzals are strikingly colored birds in the trogon family.

See Maya civilization and Quetzal

Quetzalcōātl

Quetzalcoatl (Nahuatl: "Feathered Serpent") is a deity in Aztec culture and literature. Among the Aztecs, he was related to wind, Venus, Sun, merchants, arts, crafts, knowledge, and learning. He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood. He was one of several important gods in the Aztec pantheon, along with the gods Tlaloc, Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli.

See Maya civilization and Quetzalcōātl

Quetzaltenango

Quetzaltenango (also known by its Maya name Xelajú or Xela) is both the seat of the namesake Department and municipality, in Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Quetzaltenango

Quichean languages

The (Greater) Quichean languages are a branch of the Mayan family of Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Quichean languages

Quintana Roo

Quintana Roo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo (Estado Libre y Soberano de Quintana Roo), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, constitute the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Quintana Roo

Quiriguá

Quiriguá is an ancient Maya archaeological site in the department of Izabal in south-eastern Guatemala. Maya civilization and Quiriguá are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Quiriguá

Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

See Maya civilization and Radiocarbon dating

Raised field

In agriculture, a raised field is a large, cultivated elevation, typically bounded by water-filled ditches, that is used to allow cultivators to control environmental factors such as moisture levels, frost damage, and flooding.

See Maya civilization and Raised field

Río Azul

Río Azul is an archaeological site of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization. Maya civilization and Río Azul are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Río Azul

Río Bec

Río Bec is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site located in what is now southern portion of the Mexican state of Campeche. Maya civilization and Río Bec are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Río Bec

Relief

Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

See Maya civilization and Relief

Remote sensing in archaeology

Remote sensing techniques in archaeology are an increasingly important component of the technical and methodological tool set available in archaeological research.

See Maya civilization and Remote sensing in archaeology

Roof comb

Roof comb (or roof-comb) is the structure that tops a pyramid in monumental Mesoamerican architecture.

See Maya civilization and Roof comb

Royal Museums of Art and History

The Royal Museums of Art and History (RMAH) (Musées royaux d'Art et d'Histoire (MRAH); Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis (KMKG)) is a group of museums in Brussels, Belgium.

See Maya civilization and Royal Museums of Art and History

Sacbe

A sacbe, plural sacbeob (Yucatec Maya: singular sakbej, plural sakbejo'ob), or "white road", is a raised paved road built by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Sacbe

Sacred language

A sacred language, holy language or liturgical language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like Mosque service) by people who speak another, primary language (like Persian, Urdu, Pashtu, Balochi, Sindhi etc.) in their daily lives.

See Maya civilization and Sacred language

Sacrifice in Maya culture

Sacrifice was a religious activity in Maya culture, involving the killing of humans or animals, or bloodletting by members of the community, in rituals superintended by priests.

See Maya civilization and Sacrifice in Maya culture

Sacul, El Petén

Sacul is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization located in the upper drainage of the Mopan River, in the Petén department of Guatemala. Maya civilization and Sacul, El Petén are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Sacul, El Petén

Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.

See Maya civilization and Sandstone

Secretariat of Culture

The Secretariat of Culture (Secretaría de Cultura), formerly known as the National Council for Culture and Arts (Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes or CONACULTA), is a Mexican government agency in charge of the nation's museums and monuments, promoting and protecting the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic), and managing the national archives.

See Maya civilization and Secretariat of Culture

Sedentism

In cultural anthropology, sedentism (sometimes called sedentariness; compare sedentarism) is the practice of living in one place for a long time.

See Maya civilization and Sedentism

Seibal

Seibal, known as El Ceibal in Spanish, is a Classic Period archaeological site of the Maya civilization located in the northern Petén Department of Guatemala, about 100 km SW of Tikal. Maya civilization and Seibal are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Seibal

Shamanism

Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance.

See Maya civilization and Shamanism

Shifting cultivation

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned while post-disturbance fallow vegetation is allowed to freely grow while the cultivator moves on to another plot.

See Maya civilization and Shifting cultivation

Sierra de los Cuchumatanes

The Sierra de los Cuchumatanes is the highest non-volcanic mountain range in Central America.

See Maya civilization and Sierra de los Cuchumatanes

Sierra Madre de Chiapas

The Sierra Madre is a major mountain range in Central America.

See Maya civilization and Sierra Madre de Chiapas

Simon Martin (Mayanist)

Simon Martin is a British epigrapher, historian, writer and Mayanist scholar.

See Maya civilization and Simon Martin (Mayanist)

Siyaj Kʼakʼ

Siyaj Kʼakʼ (alternative spelling: Siyah Kʼakʼ), also known as Fire is Born (formerly nicknamed "Smoking Frog"), was a prominent political figure mentioned in the glyphs of Classic Period Maya civilization monuments, principally Tikal (which he conquered in January 378), as well as Uaxactun and the city of Copan.

See Maya civilization and Siyaj Kʼakʼ

Slavery in Pre-Columbian America

Slavery was widely practiced by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, both prior to European colonisation and subsequently.

See Maya civilization and Slavery in Pre-Columbian America

Slip (ceramics)

A slip is a clay slurry used to produce pottery and other ceramic wares.

See Maya civilization and Slip (ceramics)

Soconusco

Soconusco is a region in the southwest corner of the state of Chiapas in Mexico along its border with Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Soconusco

Solar deity

A solar deity or sun deity is a deity who represents the Sun or an aspect thereof.

See Maya civilization and Solar deity

Solstice

A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere.

See Maya civilization and Solstice

Songs of Dzitbalché

The Songs of Dzitbalché (los cantares de Dzitbalché), originally titled The Book of the Dances of the Ancients, is a Mayan book containing poetry.

See Maya civilization and Songs of Dzitbalché

Southern Maya area

The Southern Maya Area (also abbreviated as SMA) is a region of Pre-Columbian sites in Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Southern Maya area

Spanish conquest of the Maya

The Spanish conquest of the Maya was a protracted conflict during the Spanish colonisation of the Americas, in which the Spanish conquistadores and their allies gradually incorporated the territory of the Late Postclassic Maya states and polities into the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain.

See Maya civilization and Spanish conquest of the Maya

Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976.

See Maya civilization and Spanish Empire

Spear-thrower

A spear-thrower, spear-throwing lever, or atlatl (pronounced or; Nahuatl ahtlatl) is a tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in dart or javelin-throwing, and includes a bearing surface that allows the user to store energy during the throw.

See Maya civilization and Spear-thrower

Spondylus

Spondylus is a genus of bivalve molluscs, the only genus in the family Spondylidae.

See Maya civilization and Spondylus

State (polity)

A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a territory.

See Maya civilization and State (polity)

Stucco

Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water.

See Maya civilization and Stucco

Style (visual arts)

In the visual arts, style is a "...

See Maya civilization and Style (visual arts)

Sunflower seed

A sunflower seed is a seed from a sunflower (Helianthus annuus).

See Maya civilization and Sunflower seed

Syllabary

In the linguistic study of written languages, a syllabary is a set of written symbols that represent the syllables or (more frequently) moras which make up words.

See Maya civilization and Syllabary

Tabasco

Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco (Estado Libre y Soberano de Tabasco), is one of the 32 Federal Entities of the United Mexican States.

See Maya civilization and Tabasco

Takalik Abaj

Tak'alik Ab'aj is a pre-Columbian archaeological site in Guatemala. Maya civilization and Takalik Abaj are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Takalik Abaj

Tatiana Proskouriakoff

Tatiana Proskouriakoff (Татья́на Авени́ровна Проскуряко́ва, tr. Tatyana Avenirovna Proskuryakova; – 30 August 1985) was a Russian-American Mayanist scholar and archaeologist who contributed significantly to the deciphering of Maya hieroglyphs, the writing system of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Tatiana Proskouriakoff

Tazumal

Tazumal is a pre-Columbian archeological site in Chalchuapa, El Salvador. Maya civilization and Tazumal are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Tazumal

Tenochtitlan

italic, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City.

See Maya civilization and Tenochtitlan

Teoberto Maler

Teobert Maler, later Teoberto (12 January 1842 – 22 November 1917), was an explorer who devoted his energies to documenting the ruins of the Maya civilization.

See Maya civilization and Teoberto Maler

Teotihuacan

Teotihuacan (Spanish: Teotihuacán) is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, which is located in the State of Mexico, northeast of modern-day Mexico City.

See Maya civilization and Teotihuacan

Terrace (earthworks)

In agriculture, a terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming.

See Maya civilization and Terrace (earthworks)

Tessera

A tessera (plural: tesserae, diminutive tessella) is an individual tile, usually formed in the shape of a square, used in creating a mosaic.

See Maya civilization and Tessera

Theocracy

Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government's daily affairs.

See Maya civilization and Theocracy

Tikal

Tikal (Tik'al in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal, found in a rainforest in Guatemala. Maya civilization and Tikal are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Tikal

Tikal Temple 33

Tikal Temple 33 (referred to in archaeological reports as 5D-33) was a ancient Maya funerary pyramid located in the North Acropolis of the great Maya city of Tikal.

See Maya civilization and Tikal Temple 33

Tikal Temple IV

Tikal Temple IV is a Mesoamerican pyramid in the ruins of the ancient Maya city of Tikal in modern Guatemala. Maya civilization and Tikal Temple IV are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Tikal Temple IV

Tohil

Tohil (also spelled Tojil) is the Maya god of fire.

See Maya civilization and Tohil

Toltec

The Toltec culture was a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican culture that ruled a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, during the Epiclassic and the early Post-Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology, reaching prominence from 950 to 1150 CE.

See Maya civilization and Toltec

Tomato

The tomato is the edible berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as the tomato plant.

See Maya civilization and Tomato

Toniná

Tonina (or Toniná in Spanish orthography) is a pre-Columbian archaeological site and ruined city of the Maya civilization located in what is now the Mexican state of Chiapas, some 13 km (8.1 mi) east of the town of Ocosingo. Maya civilization and Toniná are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Toniná

Trade in Maya civilization

Trade was a crucial factor in maintaining Maya cities.

See Maya civilization and Trade in Maya civilization

Traditional society

In sociology, traditional society refers to a society characterized by an orientation to the past, not the future, with a predominant role for custom and habit.

See Maya civilization and Traditional society

Triadic pyramid

Triadic pyramids were an innovation of the Preclassic Maya civilization consisting of a dominant structure flanked by two smaller inward-facing buildings, all mounted upon a single basal platform. Maya civilization and Triadic pyramid are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Triadic pyramid

Tuff

Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption.

See Maya civilization and Tuff

Tula (Mesoamerican site)

Tula (Otomi: Mämeni) is a Mesoamerican archeological site, which was an important regional center which reached its height as the capital of the Toltec Empire between the fall of Teotihuacan and the rise of Tenochtitlan.

See Maya civilization and Tula (Mesoamerican site)

Tulum

Tulum (Tulu'um) is the site of a pre-Columbian Mayan walled city which served as a major port for Coba, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Maya civilization and Tulum are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Tulum

Turquoise

Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula.

See Maya civilization and Turquoise

Tutelary deity

A tutelary (also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation.

See Maya civilization and Tutelary deity

Tzolkʼin

The tzolkʼin (formerly and commonly tzolkin) is the 260-day Mesoamerican calendar used by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Tzolkʼin

Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil

Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil (also known as "Eighteen Rabbit" or "Waxaklajuun Ub'aah K'awiil"), was the 13th ajaw or ruler of the powerful Maya polity associated with the site of Copán in modern Honduras (its Classic Maya name was probably Oxwitik).

See Maya civilization and Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil

Uaxactun

Uaxactun (pronounced) is an ancient sacred place of the Maya civilization, located in the Petén Basin region of the Maya lowlands, in the present-day department of Petén, Guatemala. Maya civilization and Uaxactun are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Uaxactun

Urbanism

Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment.

See Maya civilization and Urbanism

Usumacinta River

The Usumacinta River (named after the howler monkey) is a river in southeastern Mexico and northwestern Guatemala. Maya civilization and Usumacinta River are history of the Yucatán Peninsula.

See Maya civilization and Usumacinta River

Uxmal

Uxmal (Yucatec Maya: Óoxmáal) is an ancient Maya city of the classical period located in present-day Mexico. Maya civilization and Uxmal are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Uxmal

Valley of Guatemala

The Valley of Guatemala is the territory in the country of Guatemala surrounding the historic city of Antigua Guatemala, the old capital of the Kingdom of Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Valley of Guatemala

Valley of Mexico

The Valley of Mexico (Valle de México; lit), sometimes also called Basin of Mexico, is a highlands plateau in central Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Valley of Mexico

Vanilla

Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily obtained from pods of the flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia).

See Maya civilization and Vanilla

Vassal

A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.

See Maya civilization and Vassal

Veneration of the dead

The veneration of the dead, including one's ancestors, is based on love and respect for the deceased.

See Maya civilization and Veneration of the dead

Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun.

See Maya civilization and Venus

Verapaz, Guatemala

Verapaz, formerly Tezulutlan, was a second order subdivision of the former Kingdom of Guatemala, itself a constituent part of New Spain.

See Maya civilization and Verapaz, Guatemala

Verb

A verb is a word (part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).

See Maya civilization and Verb

Vision Serpent

The Vision Serpent is an important creature in Pre-Columbian Maya mythology, although the term itself is now slowly becoming outdated.

See Maya civilization and Vision Serpent

Weather god

A weather god or goddess, also frequently known as a storm god or goddess, is a deity in mythology associated with weather phenomena such as thunder, snow, lightning, rain, wind, storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes.

See Maya civilization and Weather god

Winal

A winal, uinal is a unit of time in the Maya Long Count calendar equal to 20 days (or kʼin).

See Maya civilization and Winal

Women in Maya society

Ancient Maya women had an important role in society: beyond propagating the culture through bearing and raising children, Maya women participated in economic, governmental, and farming activities.

See Maya civilization and Women in Maya society

Women rulers in Maya society

During the 6th and 7th centuries in Mesoamerica, there was an evident shift in the roles women played in ancient Maya society as compared with the previous two centuries.

See Maya civilization and Women rulers in Maya society

Wood

Wood is a structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.

See Maya civilization and Wood

Writing system

A writing system comprises a particular set of symbols, called a script, as well as the rules by which the script represents a particular language.

See Maya civilization and Writing system

Xibalba

Xibalba, roughly translated as "place of fright", is the name of the underworld (in Mitnal) in Maya mythology, ruled by the Maya death gods and their helpers.

See Maya civilization and Xibalba

Xpuhil

Xpuhil Pronounced:/ʃpuχil̥/ (also Xpujil) is a Maya archaeological site located in the Mexican state of Campeche, in the vicinity of the modern-day town of Xpujil. Maya civilization and Xpuhil are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Xpuhil

Xtampak

Xtampak (also known as Santa Rosa Xtampak) is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche. Maya civilization and Xtampak are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Xtampak

Xunantunich

Xunantunich is an Ancient Maya archaeological site in western Belize, about 70 miles (110 km) west of Belize City, in the Cayo District. Maya civilization and Xunantunich are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Xunantunich

Yax Nuun Ahiin I

Yax Nuun Ahiin I, also known as Curl Snout and Curl Nose (died 17 June 404?), was a 4th-century ruler of the Maya city of Tikal.

See Maya civilization and Yax Nuun Ahiin I

Yaxchilan

Yaxchilan is an ancient Maya city located on the bank of the Usumacinta River in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Maya civilization and Yaxchilan are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Yaxchilan

Yaxha

Yaxha (or Yaxhá in Spanish orthography) is a Mesoamerican archaeological site in the northeast of the Petén Basin in modern-day Guatemala. Maya civilization and Yaxha are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Yaxha

Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil

Yikʼin Chan KʼawiilThe ruler's name, when transcribed is ?-(ya)-CHAN-KʼAWI꞉L-la, translated "Kʼawiil that Darkens the Sky", Martin & Grube 2008, p.48.

See Maya civilization and Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil

Yucatán

Yucatán (also,,; Yúukatan), officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán (Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, constitute the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

See Maya civilization and Yucatán

Yucatán Peninsula

The Yucatán Peninsula (also,; Península de Yucatán) is a large peninsula in southeast Mexico and adjacent portions of Belize and Guatemala.

See Maya civilization and Yucatán Peninsula

Yucatec Maya language

Yucatec Maya (referred to by its speakers simply as Maya or as maaya t’aan) is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, including part of northern Belize.

See Maya civilization and Yucatec Maya language

Yucatecan languages

The Yucatecan languages form a branch of the Mayan family of languages, comprising four languages, namely, Itzaj, Lacandon, Mopan, and Yucatec.

See Maya civilization and Yucatecan languages

Yuknoom Chʼeen II

Yuknoom Chʼeen II (September 11, 600 – 680s), known as Yuknoom the Great, was a Maya ruler of the Kaan kingdom, which had its capital at Calakmul during the Classic Period of Mesoamerican chronology.

See Maya civilization and Yuknoom Chʼeen II

Yuri Knorozov

Yuri Valentinovich Knorozov (Ю́рий Валенти́нович Кноро́зов; 19 November 1922 – 31 March 1999) was a Soviet and Russian linguist, epigrapher, and ethnographer.

See Maya civilization and Yuri Knorozov

Zaculeu

Zaculeu or Saqulew is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the highlands of western Guatemala, about outside the modern city of Huehuetenango. Maya civilization and Zaculeu are maya sites.

See Maya civilization and Zaculeu

Zapotec script

The Zapotec script is the writing system of the Zapotec culture and represents one of the earliest writing systems in Mesoamerica.

See Maya civilization and Zapotec script

Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

See Maya civilization and Zinc

0

0 (zero) is a number representing an empty quantity.

See Maya civilization and 0

See also

1697 disestablishments in North America

• Maya civilization

2nd-millennium BC establishments

• Ain Dara (archaeological site)
• Arkadiko Bridge
• Atlantic Bronze Age
• Babylonia
• Bizerte
• Breeny More Stone Circle
• Bregenz
• Fenghao
• Germanic peoples
• Grave Circle A, Mycenae
• Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden
• Iron Age
• Kabul
• Karim Shahi
• Lacobriga
• Lisbon
• Maya civilization
• Mumun pottery period
• Neo-Assyrian Empire
• Nordic Bronze Age
• Rapiqum
• Royal Palace of Mari
• Tlatilco
• Urnfield culture
• Vedic Sanskrit
• Xinglonggou
• Yamhad

Former countries in North America

• Altepetl
• Ayotlan (state)
• Chalco (altépetl)
• Chetumal Province
• Chiefdom of Ameca
• Chinamita
• Cocollán
• Colonial Mexico
• Dominion of Newfoundland
• Dzuluinicob
• Historical regions of the United States
• Iroquois
• List of predecessors of sovereign states in North America
• Manche Chʼol
• Maya civilization
• Mexican Empire
• Mi'kma'ki
• Mopan Territory
• Muzul Territory
• Peten Itza kingdom
• Provisional Government of Saskatchewan
• Purépecha Empire
• Republic of Anguilla
• Republic of Baja California
• Republic of Indian Stream
• Republic of Madawaska
• Republic of New Granada
• Republic of Sonora
• Republic of the Floridas
• Russian Empire
• Timeline of sovereign states in North America
• Tlaxcala (Nahua state)
• Toltec Empire
• Tsenacommacah
• Viceroyalty of New Granada
• West Florida

Former monarchies of North America

• Altepetl
• Aztec Empire
• Barbados
• Colonial Guatemala
• Colonial Mexico
• Dominion of Newfoundland
• Emperor Norton
• Hospitaller colonization of the Americas
• Irecha (title)
• Maya civilization
• Monarchy of Barbados
• Mosquito Coast
• Queen of Trinidad and Tobago
• Russian Empire
• Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy
• Zapotec civilization

History of Belize

• Archaeology of Belize
• Chetumal Province
• Chinamita
• Dzuluinicob
• English settlement of Belize
• History of Belize
• Manche Chʼol
• Maya civilization
• Monarchy of Belize
• Mopan Territory
• Muzul Territory
• Timeline of piracy in the Bay of Honduras

History of Chiapas

• 1995 Chiapas earthquake
• 2007 Tabasco flood
• 2017 Chiapas earthquake
• Bartolomé de las Casas
• Battle of San Salvador (1823)
• Captaincy General of Guatemala
• Central America under Mexican rule
• Chiapanec people
• Helen Rand Parish
• Lakandon Chʼol
• List of municipal presidents of Tuxtla Gutiérrez
• Maya civilization
• Spanish conquest of Chiapas
• Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712
• Zapatista Army of National Liberation

History of El Salvador

• Archaeology of El Salvador
• Atlácatl
• Capitulation of Gualcince
• Cuzcatlan
• El Salvador: Another Vietnam
• Gonzalo de Alvarado
• History of El Salvador
• History of San Salvador
• Lencan mythology
• Liga Femenina Salvadoreña
• Maya civilization
• ONUSAL
• Pipil people

History of Guatemala

• Acala Chʼol
• Archaeology of Guatemala
• Chajoma
• History of Guatemala
• History of Guatemala City
• Juan Martínez Téllez de los Ríos
• Lakandon Chʼol
• Maya civilization
• Morzillo

History of Honduras

• Archaeology of Honduras
• Comayagua cathedral clock
• Fourth voyage of Columbus
• Guaimura
• History of Honduras
• History of Tegucigalpa
• House of Miskito
• La Ciudad Blanca
• La Merced Church (Honduras)
• Lempira (Lenca ruler)
• Lencan mythology
• Maya civilization
• Mosquito Coast
• Old royal family of Copán
• Pre-Columbian Honduras
• Province of Tierra Firme
• Raid on Puerto Caballos (1594)
• Spanish conquest of Honduras
• Yax Kuk Mo dynasty

History of the Yucatán Peninsula

• 1543–1544 Pachecos entrada
• Battle of Orange Walk
• Bernal Díaz del Castillo
• Captaincy General of Yucatán
• Caste War of Yucatán
• Chan Santa Cruz
• Chetumal Province
• Classic Maya collapse
• Divine Caste
• Dzuluinicob
• France Vinton Scholes
• Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)
• Gerónimo de Aguilar
• Hernández de Córdoba expedition
• History of Belize
• History of Campeche
• History of Quintana Roo
• History of Yucatán
• History of the Maya civilization
• Itza people
• Juan Díaz de Solís
• Maya civilization
• Maya sites
• Pre-Columbian Belize
• Preceramic Period in Belize
• Preclassic Maya
• Preclassic Period in Belize
• Puuc
• Republic of Yucatán
• Spanish conquest of Yucatán
• Tikal–Calakmul wars
• Usumacinta River

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_civilization

Also known as Ancient Maya, Maya (civilization), Maya Classic Era, Maya Empire, Maya civilisation, Maya culture, Mayan Civilization, Mayan Empire, Mayan Postclassic Period, Mayan civilisation, Mayan culture, The Maya, The Maya civilization, The Mayans.

, Chunchucmil, City-state, Civil war, Clan, Classic Maya collapse, Classic Maya language, Classical Greece, Coba, Cocoa bean, Codex, Coiling (pottery), Colombia, Comalcalco, Copán, Corbel arch, Cotton, Cucurbita, Cuello, Dart (missile), Death mask, Diego de Landa, Divination, Dogs in Mesoamerica, Dos Pilas, Dresden Codex, Drought, Dumbarton Oaks, Dzibilchaltun, E-Group, Early modern period, Eccentric flint, El Caracol, Chichen Itza, El Castillo, Chichen Itza, El Mirador, El Salvador, Entheogenics and the Maya, Epigraphy, Equinox, Ethnography, Feathered Serpent, Flint, Folk art, Form (architecture), Fort Worth, Texas, Fourth voyage of Columbus, Francisco de Montejo, Francisco de Montejo the Younger, Frederick Catherwood, Glyph, Greenstone (archaeology), Guatemala, Guatemalan Highlands, Gulf of Mexico, Haabʼ, Hallucinogen, Heliacal rising, Hernán Cortés, High king, History of chocolate, Hochob, Holmul, Honduras, Hormiguero, Mexico, Huastec civilization, Huastecan languages, Human sacrifice in Maya culture, Human tooth sharpening, Human trophy taking in Mesoamerica, Hun Hunahpu, Imperial cult, Inca Empire, Index of Mexico-related articles, Isthmian script, Italian Renaissance, Itza people, Itzamna, Iximche, Ixkun, J. Eric S. Thompson, Jacawitz, Jade use in Mesoamerica, Jaguar, Jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures, Jaina Island, Javelin, John Dee, John Lloyd Stephens, Joya de Cerén, Julian calendar, Jupiter, Kabah (Maya site), Kaminaljuyu, Kaqchikel people, Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat, Kʼawiil, Kʼicheʼ kingdom of Qʼumarkaj, Kʼicheʼ people, Kʼin, Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal, Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ, Kimbell Art Museum, Kinich Ahau, Kohunlich, Komchen, Kukulkan, Labna, Land degradation, Lintel, Lithic core, Littoral zone, Logogram, Los Cerrillos, New Mexico, Lost-wax casting, Macuahuitl, Madrid Codex (Maya), Maize, Mamean languages, Man-hour, Manche Chʼol, Market economy, Mars, Martín de Ursúa, Maya architecture, Maya astronomy, Maya calendar, Maya ceramics, Maya city, Maya Codex of Mexico, Maya codices, Maya dance, Maya death gods, Maya death rituals, Maya Forest, Maya Hero Twins, Maya jaguar gods, Maya Lowlands, Maya maize god, Maya moon goddess, Maya music, Maya mythology, Maya numerals, Maya peoples, Maya priesthood, Maya Region, Maya religion, Maya script, Maya stelae, Maya warfare, Maya–Toltec controversy at Chichen Itza, Mayan languages, Mayanist, Mayapan, Medieval Latin, Mercury (planet), Mesoamerica, Mesoamerican ballcourt, Mesoamerican chronology, Mesoamerican creation myths, Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Mesoamerican pyramids, Mesoamerican writing systems, Mexico, Michael D. Coe, Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture, Mixco Viejo, Mixtec, Mortar and pestle, Motul de San José, Mundo Perdido, Tikal, Muscovy duck, Nakbe, Nakum, Naranjo, Neolithic, Nikolai Grube, Nojpetén, Noun, Nymphaea, Oaxaca, Obsidian use in Mesoamerica, Ocellated turkey, Old World, Olmecs, Palace, Palenque, Panama, Paris Codex, Patrilineality, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Pedro de Alvarado, Petén Basin, Petexbatún Lake, Phaseolus vulgaris, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Phonemic orthography, Phonetics, Phosphorus, Piedras Negras (Maya site), Popol Vuh, Positional notation, Potter's wheel, Pre-Columbian era, Preclassic Maya, Pregnancy, Prestige (sociolinguistics), Primogeniture, Project Muse, Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Proto-Mayan language, Puuc, Qʼanjobalan languages, Qʼumarkaj, Qʼuqʼumatz, Quetzal, Quetzalcōātl, Quetzaltenango, Quichean languages, Quintana Roo, Quiriguá, Radiocarbon dating, Raised field, Río Azul, Río Bec, Relief, Remote sensing in archaeology, Roof comb, Royal Museums of Art and History, Sacbe, Sacred language, Sacrifice in Maya culture, Sacul, El Petén, Sandstone, Secretariat of Culture, Sedentism, Seibal, Shamanism, Shifting cultivation, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Simon Martin (Mayanist), Siyaj Kʼakʼ, Slavery in Pre-Columbian America, Slip (ceramics), Soconusco, Solar deity, Solstice, Songs of Dzitbalché, Southern Maya area, Spanish conquest of the Maya, Spanish Empire, Spear-thrower, Spondylus, State (polity), Stucco, Style (visual arts), Sunflower seed, Syllabary, Tabasco, Takalik Abaj, Tatiana Proskouriakoff, Tazumal, Tenochtitlan, Teoberto Maler, Teotihuacan, Terrace (earthworks), Tessera, Theocracy, Tikal, Tikal Temple 33, Tikal Temple IV, Tohil, Toltec, Tomato, Toniná, Trade in Maya civilization, Traditional society, Triadic pyramid, Tuff, Tula (Mesoamerican site), Tulum, Turquoise, Tutelary deity, Tzolkʼin, Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil, Uaxactun, Urbanism, Usumacinta River, Uxmal, Valley of Guatemala, Valley of Mexico, Vanilla, Vassal, Veneration of the dead, Venus, Verapaz, Guatemala, Verb, Vision Serpent, Weather god, Winal, Women in Maya society, Women rulers in Maya society, Wood, Writing system, Xibalba, Xpuhil, Xtampak, Xunantunich, Yax Nuun Ahiin I, Yaxchilan, Yaxha, Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil, Yucatán, Yucatán Peninsula, Yucatec Maya language, Yucatecan languages, Yuknoom Chʼeen II, Yuri Knorozov, Zaculeu, Zapotec script, Zinc, 0.