Mediumship, the Glossary
Mediumship is the pseudoscientific practice of purportedly mediating communication between familiar spirits or spirits of the dead and living human beings.[1]
Table of Contents
312 relations: A. L. Burt, Abolitionism in the United States, Accordion, Albert Moll (German psychiatrist), Albert von Schrenck-Notzing, Alec Harris, Allan Kardec, Amy Tanner, Andrija Puharich, Angel, Ann O'Delia Diss Debar, Anna Eva Fay, Annie Fairlamb Mellon, Anomalistic psychology, Apport (paranormal), Arthur Conan Doyle, Arthur Ford (psychic), Ascended master, Automatic writing, Bangs sisters, Barnum effect, Berlin, Bert Reese, Billet reading, Brian Dunning (author), Brian Inglis, British Psychological Society, Camp Chesterfield, Carlos María de Heredia, Carmine Mirabelli, Caroline Watt, Cathedral, Cecil Husk, Cell (biology), Charles Bailey (medium), Charles Mercier, Charles Richet, Chesterfield, Indiana, Chris French, Chung Ling Soo, Clairaudience, Clairvoyance, Cold reading, Colin Evans (medium), Colin Fry, Confirmation bias, Consciousness, D. Scott Rogo, Daily Express, Daniel Dunglas Home, ... Expand index (262 more) »
- Spiritualism
A. L. Burt
A.
Abolitionism in the United States
In the United States, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end slavery in the country, was active from the colonial era until the American Civil War, the end of which brought about the abolition of American slavery, except as punishment for a crime, through the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (ratified 1865).
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Accordion
Accordions (from 19th-century German, from —"musical chord, concord of sounds") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a reed in a frame).
Albert Moll (German psychiatrist)
Albert Moll (4 May 1862, Lissa – 23 September 1939, Berlin) was a neurologist, psychologist, sexologist, and ethicist.
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Albert von Schrenck-Notzing
Albert Freiherr von Schrenck-Notzing (18 May 1862 – 12 February 1929) was a German physician, psychiatrist and notable psychical researcher, who devoted his time to the study of paranormal events connected with mediumship, hypnotism and telepathy.
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Alec Harris
Alexander Frederick Harris (1897–1974) was a Welsh spiritualist and medium.
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Allan Kardec
Allan Kardec is the pen name of the French educator, translator, and author Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (3 October 1804 – 31 March 1869).
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Amy Tanner
Amy Eliza Tanner (March 21, 1870 – February 1, 1956) was an American psychologist who became well known for discrediting the then-famous medium Leonora Piper after Tanner was allowed to attend six séances with a fellow researcher.
Andrija Puharich
Andrija Puharich (February 19, 1918 – January 3, 1995) — born Henry Karel Puharić — was a medical and parapsychological researcher, medical inventor, physician and author, known as the person who brought Israeli Uri Geller (born 1946) and Dutch-born Peter Hurkos (1911–1988) to the United States for scientific investigation.
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Angel
In Abrahamic religious traditions (such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) and some sects of other belief-systems like Hinduism and Buddhism, an angel is a heavenly supernatural or spiritual being.
Ann O'Delia Diss Debar
Ann O'Delia Diss Debar (probably born Ann O'Delia Salomon,Harry Houdini. (1924). (via archive.org) c. 1849 – 1909 or later) was a notorious criminal and supposed medium.
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Anna Eva Fay
Anna Eva Fay Pingree (March 31, 1851 – May 12, 1927) was a famous medium and stage mentalist of the twentieth century.
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Annie Fairlamb Mellon
Annie Fairlamb Mellon (1850–1938) also known as Mrs.
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Anomalistic psychology
In psychology, anomalistic psychology is the study of human behaviour and experience connected with what is often called the paranormal, with few assumptions made about the validity (or otherwise) of the reported phenomena.
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Apport (paranormal)
In parapsychology and Spiritualism, an apport is the alleged paranormal transference of an article from one place to another, or an appearance of an article from an unknown source that is often associated with poltergeist activity or séances. Mediumship and apport (paranormal) are parapsychology and spiritualism.
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Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician.
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Arthur Ford (psychic)
Arthur Ford (January 8, 1896 – January 4, 1971) was an American psychic, spiritualist medium, clairaudient, and founder of the Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship (1955).
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Ascended master
Ascended masters in a number of movements in the theosophical tradition are held to be spiritually enlightened beings who in past incarnations were ordinary humans, but who have undergone a series of spiritual transformations originally called initiations.
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Automatic writing
Automatic writing, also called psychography, is a claimed psychic ability allowing a person to produce written words without consciously writing. Mediumship and Automatic writing are parapsychology and spiritualism.
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Bangs sisters
The Bangs Sisters, Mary "May" E. Bangs (1862–1917) and Elizabeth "Lizzie" Snow Bangs (1859–1920), were two fraudulent spiritualist mediums from Chicago, who made a career out of painting the dead or "Spirit Portraits".
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Barnum effect
The Barnum effect, also called the Forer effect or, less commonly, the Barnum–Forer effect, is a common psychological phenomenon whereby individuals give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically to them, yet which are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people.
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Berlin
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.
Bert Reese
Bert Reese (1851–1926) was an American-Polish medium and mentalist, best known for his billet reading demonstrations.
Billet reading
Billet reading, or the envelope trick, is a mentalist effect in which a performer pretends to use clairvoyance to read messages on folded papers or inside sealed envelopes.
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Brian Andrew Dunning (born 1965) is an American writer and producer who focuses on science and skepticism.
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Brian Inglis
Brian Inglis (31 July 1916 – 11 February 1993) was an Irish journalist, historian and television presenter who worked in London.
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British Psychological Society
The British Psychological Society (BPS) is a representative body for psychologists and psychology in the United Kingdom.
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Camp Chesterfield
Camp Chesterfield was founded in 1891 and is the home of the Indiana Association of Spiritualists, located in Chesterfield, Indiana.
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Carlos María de Heredia
Carlos María de Heredia (1872-1951) was a Mexican magician and Jesuit priest.
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Carmine Mirabelli
Carmine Carlos Mirabelli (2 January 1889 – 30 April 1951) was a Brazilian physical medium and Spiritualist.
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Caroline Watt
Caroline Watt (born 1962) is a Scottish psychologist and professor of parapsychology.
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Cathedral
A cathedral is a church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate.
Cecil Husk
Cecil Husk (1847-1920) was a British professional singer and spiritualist medium.
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
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Charles Bailey (medium)
Charles Bailey (1870–1947) was an Australian apport medium who was exposed as a fraud.
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Charles Mercier
Charles Arthur Mercier (21 June 1851 – 2 September 1919) was a British psychiatrist and leading expert on forensic psychiatry and insanity.
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Charles Richet
Charles Robert Richet (25 August 1850 – 4 December 1935) was a French physiologist at the Collège de France and immunology pioneer.
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Chesterfield, Indiana
Chesterfield is a town in the U.S. state of Indiana which lies in Union Township, Madison County, and Salem Township, Delaware County.
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Chris French
Christopher (Chris) Charles French (born 1956) is a British psychologist who is prominent in the field of anomalistic psychology, with a focus on the psychology of paranormal beliefs and anomalous experiences.
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Chung Ling Soo
William Ellsworth Robinson (April 2, 1861 – March 24, 1918) was an American magician who went by the stage name Chung Ling Soo.
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Clairaudience
In the field of parapsychology, Clairaudience (from late 17th century French clair (clear) & audience) is a form of extra-sensory perception wherein a person acquires information by paranormal auditory means. Mediumship and Clairaudience are parapsychology.
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Clairvoyance
Clairvoyance is the claimed ability to acquire information that would be considered impossible to get through scientifically proven sensations, thus classified as extrasensory perception, or "sixth sense". Mediumship and Clairvoyance are parapsychology and pseudoscience.
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Cold reading
Cold reading is a set of techniques used by mentalists, psychics, fortune-tellers, and mediums. Mediumship and Cold reading are parapsychology.
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Colin Evans (medium)
Colin Evans was an early 20th-century Welsh spiritualist medium who claimed to have the ability to levitate but was discovered to be a fraud.
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Colin Fry
Colin Fry (19 May 1962 – 25 August 2015) was an English television personality, entertainer and self-proclaimed medium.
Confirmation bias
Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias, or congeniality bias) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values.
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Consciousness
Consciousness, at its simplest, is awareness of internal and external existence.
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D. Scott Rogo
Douglas Scott Rogo (February 1, 1950 – August 18, 1990) was a writer, journalist and researcher on subjects related to parapsychology.
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Daily Express
The Daily Express is a national daily United Kingdom middle-market newspaper printed in tabloid format.
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Daniel Dunglas Home
Daniel Dunglas Home (pronounced Hume; 20 March 183321 June 1886) was a Scottish physical medium with the reported ability to levitate to a variety of heights, speak with the dead, and to produce rapping and knocks in houses at will.
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Davenport brothers
Ira Erastus Davenport (September 17, 1839 – July 8, 1911) and William Henry Davenport (February 1, 1841 – July 1, 1877), known as the Davenport brothers, were American magicians in the late 19th century, sons of a Buffalo, New York policeman.
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David Devant
David Devant (22 February 1868 – 13 October 1941) was an English magician, shadowgraphist and film exhibitor.
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David Duguid (medium)
David Duguid (February 10, 1832 – March 14, 1907) was a Scottish spiritualist medium and Glasgow cabinet-maker by trade.
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David Fontana
David G. J. Fontana FBPsS (1 November 1934 – 18 October 2010) was a British psychologist, parapsychologist and author.
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David Marks (psychologist)
David Francis Marks (born 1945) is a psychologist, author and editor of numerous articles and books concerned mainly with five areas of psychological research – judgement, health psychology, consciousness, parapsychology and intelligence.
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Death
Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.
Deception
Deception is the act of convincing one or many recipients of untrue information.
Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus caryophyllus, commonly known as carnation or clove pink, is a species of Dianthus native to the Mediterranean region.
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Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder, is one of multiple dissociative disorders in the DSM-5, DSM-5-TR, ICD-10, ICD-11, and Merck Manual.
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Donald J. West
Donald James West (9 June 1924 – 31 January 2020) was a British psychiatrist, parapsychologist and author.
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Donald Serrell Thomas
Donald Serrell Thomas (18 July 1934 – 20 January 2022) was a British crime writer.
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Doris Stokes
Doris May Fisher Stokes (6 January 1920 – 8 May 1987), born Doris Sutton, was a British spiritualist, professional medium, and author.
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E. Clephan Palmer
Ernest Clephan Palmer (1883 – 4 July 1954) was a British author, journalist and psychical researcher.
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E. R. Dodds
Eric Robertson Dodds (26 July 1893 – 8 April 1979) was an Irish classical scholar.
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Ealing
Ealing is a district in West London, England, west of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Ealing.
Eavesdropping
Eavesdropping is the act of secretly or stealthily listening to the private conversation or communications of others without their consent in order to gather information.
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Ectoplasm (paranormal)
In spiritualism, ectoplasm, also known as simply ecto, is a substance or spiritual energy "exteriorized" by physical mediums. Mediumship and ectoplasm (paranormal) are spiritualism.
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Eddy Brothers
The Eddy Brothers were William and Horatio Eddy, two American mediums best known in the 1870s for their alleged psychic powers.
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Editing
Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, or cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information.
Edmund Edward Fournier d'Albe
Edmund Edward Fournier d'Albe (1868 – 29 June 1933, St. Albans, UK) was an Irish physicist, astrophysicist and chemist.
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Edward Clodd
Edward Clodd (1 July 1840 – 16 March 1930) was an English banker, writer and anthropologist.
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Edward William Cox
Edward William Cox known as Serjeant Cox (1809–1879) was an English lawyer and legal writer, who was also a successful publisher.
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Edward Wyllie
Edward Arthur Sanders Wyllie (28 January 1848 – 6 March 1911) was a British medium and spirit photographer.
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Eileen J. Garrett
Eileen Jeanette Vancho Lyttle Garrett (14 March 1892 – 15 September 1970) was an Irish medium and parapsychologist.
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Einer Nielsen
Einer Nielsen (1894–1965) was a Danish physical medium and spiritualist.
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Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime and frequently anthologised after her death.
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Emma Hardinge Britten
Emma Hardinge Britten (2 May 1823 – 2 October 1899) was an English advocate for the early Modern Spiritualist Movement.
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Ena Twigg
Ena Twigg (1914-1984) was a British psychic medium.
Eric Dingwall
Eric John Dingwall (1890–1986) was a British anthropologist, psychical researcher and librarian.
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Escapology
Escapology is the practice of escaping from restraints or other traps.
Estelle Roberts
Estelle Roberts (10 May 1889 – 30 May 1970) was a British Spiritualist medium.
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Etta Wriedt
Etta Wriedt (1862–1942) was an American direct voice medium.
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Eugène Osty
Eugène Osty (16 May 1874 – 20 August 1938) was a French physician and psychical researcher.
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Eusapia Palladino
Eusapia Palladino (alternative spelling: Paladino; 21 January 1854 – 16 May 1918) was an Italian Spiritualist physical medium.
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Eva Carrière
Eva Carrière (born Marthe Béraud 1886 in France, died 1943),.
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Everard Feilding
Francis Henry Everard Joseph Feilding (6 March 1867 – 8 February 1936) best known as Everard Feilding was an English barrister, naval intelligence officer and psychical researcher.
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Extrasensory perception (ESP), also known as a sixth sense, or cryptaesthesia, is a claimed paranormal ability pertaining to reception of information not gained through the recognized physical senses, but sensed with the mind. Mediumship and Extrasensory perception are parapsychology and pseudoscience.
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Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by American technology conglomerate Meta.
Faith healing
Faith healing is the practice of prayer and gestures (such as laying on of hands) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice. Mediumship and Faith healing are pseudoscience.
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Familiar
In European folklore of the medieval and early modern periods, familiars (strictly familiar spirits, as "familiar" also meant just "close friend" or companion, and may be seen in the scientific name for dog, Canis familiaris) were believed to be supernatural entities, interdimensional beings, or spiritual guardians that would protect or assist witches and cunning folk in their practice of magic, divination, and spiritual insight.
Florence Cook (medium)
Florence Eliza Cook (ca 1856 – 22 April 1904) was a medium who claimed to materialise a spirit, "Katie King".
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Florida
Florida is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.
Flower
A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae).
Fox sisters
The Fox sisters were three sisters from Rochester, New York who played an important role in the creation of Spiritualism: Leah (April 8, 1813 – November 1, 1890), Margaretta (also called Maggie), (October 7, 1833 – March 8, 1893) and Catherine Fox (also called Kate) (March 27, 1837 – July 2, 1892).
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Francis Ward Monck
Francis Ward Monck (born 1842) was a British clergyman and spiritualist medium who was exposed as a fraud.
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Franek Kluski
Franek Kluski, real name Teofil Modrzejewski (1873-1943), was a Polish physical medium criticized by trained magicians and skeptics as a fraud.
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Frank Decker (medium)
Frank Decker was a 20th-century American spiritualist medium who was discovered to be a fraud.
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Frank Podmore
Frank Podmore (5 February 1856 – 14 August 1910) was an English author and founding member of the Fabian Society.
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Fraud
In law, fraud is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right.
Frederick Tansley Munnings
Frederick Tansley Munnings (1875, Lowestoft – 1953) South Australian Register, March 15, 1923, p. 12.
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G. Stanley Hall
Granville Stanley Hall (February 1, 1844 – April 24, 1924) was an American psychologist and educator who earned the first doctorate in psychology awarded in the United States of America at Harvard College in the nineteenth century.
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Gary Schwartz
Gary E. Schwartz is an American psychologist, author, parapsychologist and professor at the University of Arizona and the director of its Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health.
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George Valiantine
George Valiantine (1874–1947) was an American direct voice medium who was exposed as a fraud.
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Georgess McHargue
Georgess McHargue (June 7, 1941 – July 18, 2011) was an American writer and poet.
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Geraldine Cummins
Geraldine Dorothy Cummins (24 January 1890 –24 August 1969) was an Irish spiritualist medium, novelist and playwright.
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Geraldo at Large
Geraldo Rivera Reports, also known as Geraldo at Large, is an American television newsmagazine hosted by Fox News correspondent-at-large and former talk show host Geraldo Rivera.
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Geraldo Rivera
Geraldo Rivera (born Gerald Riviera; July 4, 1943) is an American journalist, attorney, author, and political commentator who worked at the Fox News Channel from 2001 to 2023.
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Ghost
In folklore, a ghost is the soul or spirit of a dead person or non-human animal that is believed to be able to appear to the living.
Gladys Osborne Leonard
Gladys Osborne Leonard (28 May 1882 – 19 March 1968) was a British trance medium, renowned for her work with the Society for Psychical Research.
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God
In monotheistic belief systems, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith.
Gordon Stein
Gordon Stein (April 30, 1941 – August 27, 1996) was an American author, physiologist, and activist for atheism and religious skepticism.
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Gustav Geley
Gustav Geley (13 April 1868 – 15 July 1924) was a French physician, psychical researcher and director of the Institute Metapsychique International from 1919 to 1924.
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Harry Houdini
Erik Weisz (March 24, 1874 – October 31, 1926), known as Harry Houdini, was a Hungarian-American escape artist, illusionist, and stunt performer, noted for his escape acts.
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Harry Price
Harry Price (17 January 1881 – 29 March 1948) was a British psychic researcher and author, who gained public prominence for his investigations into psychical phenomena and exposing fraudulent spiritualist mediums.
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Headgear
Headgear, headwear, or headdress is any element of clothing which is worn on one's head, including hats, helmets, turbans and many other types.
Heinrich Melzer
Heinrich Melzer (born 1873) was a German Spiritualist medium.
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Helen Duncan
Victoria Helen McCrae Duncan (née MacFarlane, 25 November 1897 – 6 December 1956) was a Scottish medium best known as the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735 (9 Geo. 2. c. 5) for fraudulent claims.
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Henry R. Evans
Henry Ridgely Evans (1861–1949) was an American amateur magician and magic historian.
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Henry Slade (medium)
Henry Slade (1835–1905) was a famous fraudulent medium who lived and practiced in both Europe and North America.
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Herbert Carmichael Irwin
Flight Lieutenant Herbert Carmichael "Bird" Irwin, AFC (26 June 1894 – 5 October 1930) was an Irish aviator and Olympic athlete.
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Hereward Carrington
Hereward Carrington (17 October 1880 – 26 December 1958) was an American investigator of psychic phenomena and author.
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Higher consciousness
Higher consciousness (also called expanded consciousness) is a term that has been used in various ways to label particular states of consciousness or personal development.
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Hoax
A hoax is a widely publicised falsehood so fashioned as to invite reflexive, unthinking acceptance by the greatest number of people of the most varied social identities and of the highest possible social pretensions to gull its victims into putting up the highest possible social currency in support of the hoax. Mediumship and hoax are fraud.
Hot reading
Hot reading is a technique used when giving a psychic reading in stage magic performances, or in other contexts.
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House
A house is a single-unit residential building.
Hypnosis
Hypnosis is a human condition involving focused attention (the selective attention/selective inattention hypothesis, SASI), reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.
Ian Wilson (author)
Ian Wilson (born 1941) is a British prolific author of historical and religious books.
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IMDb
IMDb (an acronym for Internet Movie Database) is an online database of information related to films, television series, podcasts, home videos, video games, and streaming content online – including cast, production crew and personal biographies, plot summaries, trivia, ratings, and fan and critical reviews.
Indiana
Indiana is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
Institut Métapsychique International
The Institut Métapsychique International (IMI) is a French parapsychological organization that studies paranormal phenomena. Mediumship and Institut Métapsychique International are parapsychology.
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Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
Ivor Lloyd Tuckett (1 February 1873 – 28 November 1942) was a British professor of physiology, physician, and skeptic.
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J. Gordon Melton
John Gordon Melton (born September 19, 1942) is an American religious scholar who was the founding director of the Institute for the Study of American Religion and is currently the Distinguished Professor of American Religious History with the Institute for Studies of Religion at Baylor University in Waco, Texas where he resides.
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Jack Webber
Jack Webber (1907–1940) was a Welsh spiritualist medium.
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James Pike
James Albert Pike (February 14, 1913–) was an American Episcopal bishop, accused heretic, writer, and one of the first mainline religious figures to appear regularly on television.
James Randi
James Randi (born Randall James Hamilton Zwinge; August 7, 1928 – October 20, 2020) was a Canadian-American stage magician, author, and scientific skeptic who extensively challenged paranormal and pseudoscientific claims.
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James Van Praagh
James Van Praagh is an American writer and television personality who describes himself as a clairvoyant and spiritual medium.
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Jan Guzyk
Jan Guzyk (1875–1928), also known as Jan Guzik was a Polish spiritualist medium known for his alleged ability of psychokinesis.
Joe Nickell
Joe Nickell (born December 1, 1944) is an American skeptic and investigator of the paranormal.
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John Booth (magician)
John Nicholls Booth (7 August 1912 – 11 November 2009) was an American professional magician and prolific author on the history of magic performance.
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John Casey (academic)
John Casey (born 1939) is a British academic and a writer for The Daily Telegraph.
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John Edward
John Edward McGee Jr. (born October 19, 1969) is an American television personality, writer and self-proclaimed psychic medium.
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John Oliver
John William Oliver (born 23 April 1977) is a British and American comedian who hosts Last Week Tonight with John Oliver on HBO.
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Joseph Dunninger
Joseph Dunninger (April 28, 1892 – March 9, 1975), known as "The Amazing Dunninger", was one of the most famous and proficient mentalists of all time.
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Joseph F. Rinn
Joseph Francis Rinn (1868–1952) was an American magician and skeptic of paranormal phenomena.
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Joseph Jastrow
Joseph Jastrow (January 30, 1863 – January 8, 1944) was a Polish-born American psychologist notorious for inventions in experimental psychology, design of experiments, and psychophysics.
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Joseph McCabe
Joseph Martin McCabe (12 November 1867 – 10 January 1955) was an English writer and speaker on freethought, after having been a Roman Catholic priest earlier in his life.
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Julien J. Proskauer
Julien Joseph Proskauer (June 14, 1893 – December 18, 1958) was an American magician and author.
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Julius and Agnes Zancig
Julius and Agnes Zancig were stage magicians and authors on occultism who performed a spectacularly successful two-person mentalism act during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Kardecist spiritism
Spiritism or Kardecism is a reincarnationist and spiritualist doctrine established in France in the mid-19th century by writer and educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (a.k.a. Allan Kardec).
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Kathleen Goligher
Kathleen Goligher (born 1898) was an Irish spiritualist medium.
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Kristian Birkeland
Kristian Olaf Bernhard Birkeland (born 13 December 1867 – 15 June 1917) was a Norwegian space physicist, inventor, and professor of physics at the Royal Fredriks University in Oslo.
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L. Sprague de Camp
Lyon Sprague de Camp (November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and non-fiction literature.
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Lajos Pap
Lajos Pap (1883–1941) was a Hungarian carpenter and spiritualist medium.
Leonard Zusne
Leonard Zusne (1924–2003) was an American psychologist.
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Leonora Piper
Leonora Piper (née Leonora Evelina Simonds; 27 June 1857 – 3 June 1950) was a famous American trance medium in the area of Spiritualism.
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Leslie Flint
Leslie Flint (1911 – 16 April 1994)Alexander Walker.
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Levitation (paranormal)
Levitation or transvection, in the paranormal or religious context, is the claimed ability to raise a human body or other object into the air by mystical means. Mediumship and Levitation (paranormal) are parapsychology.
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Lewis Spence
James Lewis Thomas Chalmers Spence (25 November 1874 – 3 March 1955) was a Scottish journalist, poet, author, folklorist and occult scholar.
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Lifetime (TV network)
Lifetime is an American basic cable channel that is part of Lifetime Entertainment Services, a subsidiary of A&E Networks, which is jointly owned by Hearst Communications and The Walt Disney Company.
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Linda Gazzera
Linda Gazzera (1890, Italy - 1942, Brazil) was an Italian spiritualist medium.
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List of channelers
Here is a list of people who claim to be mediums or channelers in communication with beings and spirits of the deceased, through the study and practice of mediumship.
See Mediumship and List of channelers
List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
This is a list of topics that have, either currently or in the past, been characterized as pseudoscience by academics or researchers. Mediumship and list of topics characterized as pseudoscience are pseudoscience.
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Lloyd Kenyon Jones
Lloyd Kenyon Jones was an American journalist, lecturer, and author who was raised in Wisconsin and became associated with the religion of Spiritualism during the early 20th century.
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London
London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.
Lycopodium
Lycopodium (from Greek lykos, wolf and podion, diminutive of pous, foot) is a genus of clubmosses, also known as ground pines or creeping cedars, in the family Lycopodiaceae.
M. Lamar Keene
Morris Lamar Keene (10 August 1936 – 11 June 1996), was a spirit medium in Tampa, Florida and at Camp Chesterfield Indiana, where he was known as the "Prince of the Spiritualists". He was also the trustee of Universal Spiritualist Association. He is best known for his 1976 book The Psychic Mafia, in which he coined the term "true-believer syndrome".
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Magic (illusion)
Magic, which encompasses the subgenres of illusion, stage magic, and close-up magic, among others, is a performing art in which audiences are entertained by tricks, effects, or illusions of seemingly impossible feats, using natural means.
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Magical thinking
Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects.
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Maria Silbert
Frau Maria Silbert (1866–1936) was an Austrian spiritualist medium.
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Marina Warner
Dame Marina Sarah Warner, (born 9 November 1946) is an English historian, mythographer, art critic, novelist and short story writer.
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Mark Edward
Mark Edward (born Mark Edward Wilson, May 19, 1951) is an American mentalist and author.
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Martin Gardner
Martin Gardner (October 21, 1914May 22, 2010) was an American popular mathematics and popular science writer with interests also encompassing magic, scientific skepticism, micromagic, philosophy, religion, and literatureespecially the writings of Lewis Carroll, L. Frank Baum, and G. K. Chesterton.
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Mask
A mask is an object normally worn on the face, typically for protection, disguise, performance, or entertainment, and often employed for rituals and rites.
Massimo Polidoro
Massimo Polidoro (born 10 March 1969) is an Italian psychologist, writer, journalist, television personality, and co-founder and executive director of the Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims of the Pseudosciences (CICAP).
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Match
A match is a tool for starting a fire.
Materialization (paranormal)
In Spiritualism, paranormal literature and some religions, materialization (or manifestation) is the creation or appearance of matter from unknown sources. Mediumship and materialization (paranormal) are parapsychology and spiritualism.
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Max Dessoir
Maximilian Dessoir (8 February 1867 – 19 July 1947) was a German philosopher, psychologist and theorist of aesthetics.
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Mentalism
Mentalism is a performing art in which its practitioners, known as mentalists, appear to demonstrate highly developed mental or intuitive abilities.
Miami Herald
The Miami Herald is an American daily newspaper owned by The McClatchy Company and headquartered in Miami-Dade County, Florida.
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Michael Shermer
Michael Brant Shermer (born September 8, 1954) is an American science writer, historian of science, executive director of The Skeptics Society, and founding publisher of Skeptic magazine, a publication focused on investigating pseudoscientific and supernatural claims.
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Milbourne Christopher
Milbourne Christopher (23 March 1914 – 17 June 1984) was a prominent American illusionist, magic historian, and author.
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Millais Culpin
Millais Culpin FRCS (6 January 1874 in Ware, Hertfordshire – 14 September 1952 in St Albans, Hertfordshire) was an English physician and psychotherapist.
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Mina Crandon
Mina "Margery" Crandon (1888–November 1, 1941) was an American psychic medium who said that she channeled her dead brother, Walter Stinson.
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Mme. d'Esperance
Mme.
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Muslin
Muslin is a cotton fabric of plain weave.
Nandor Fodor
Nandor Fodor (May 13, 1895 – May 17, 1964) was a British and American parapsychologist, psychoanalyst, author and journalist of Hungarian origin.
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Naples
Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.
National Laboratory of Psychical Research
The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was established in 1926 by Harry Price, at 16 Queensberry Place, London. Mediumship and National Laboratory of Psychical Research are parapsychology.
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National Library of Ireland
The National Library of Ireland (NLI; Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann) is Ireland's national library located in Dublin, in a building designed by Thomas Newenham Deane.
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National Spiritualist Association of Churches
The National Spiritualist Association of Churches (NSAC) is one of the oldest and largest of the national Spiritualist church organizations in the United States.
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New Age
New Age is a range of spiritual or religious practices and beliefs which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s.
New Scientist
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.
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New York (state)
New York, also called New York State, is a state in the Northeastern United States.
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Newspaper
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background.
Oliver Gatty
Oliver Gatty (5 November 1907 – 5 June 1940) was a British chemist and psychical researcher.
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Oliver Lodge
Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, (12 June 1851 – 22 August 1940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of, and holder of key patents for, radio.
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One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge
The One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge was an offer by the James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) to pay out one million U.S. dollars to anyone who could demonstrate a supernatural or paranormal ability under agreed-upon scientific testing criteria.
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Orange (fruit)
An orange, also called sweet orange when it is desired to distinguish it from the bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium), is the fruit of a tree in the family Rutaceae.
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Ouija
The Ouija, also known as a Oujia board, spirit board, talking board, or witch board, is a flat board marked with the letters of the Latin alphabet, the numbers 0–9, the words "yes", "no", and occasionally "hello" and "goodbye", along with various symbols and graphics.
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.
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Paraffin wax
Paraffin wax (or petroleum wax) is a soft colorless solid derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between 20 and 40 carbon atoms.
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Paranormal
Paranormal events are purported phenomena described in popular culture, folk, and other non-scientific bodies of knowledge, whose existence within these contexts is described as being beyond the scope of normal scientific understanding. Mediumship and Paranormal are parapsychology and pseudoscience.
Parapsychological Association
The Parapsychological Association (PA) was formed in 1957 as a professional society for parapsychologists following an initiative by Joseph B. Rhine. Mediumship and Parapsychological Association are parapsychology.
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Parapsychology
Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example, those related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Mediumship and Parapsychology are pseudoscience.
See Mediumship and Parapsychology
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city of France.
Paschal Beverly Randolph
Paschal Beverly Randolph (October 8, 1825 – July 29, 1875) was an American medical doctor, occultist, spiritualist, trance medium, and writer.
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Patience Worth
Patience Worth was allegedly a spirit contacted by Pearl Lenore Curran (February 15, 1883 – December 2, 1937).
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Paul Kurtz
Paul Kurtz (December 21, 1925 – October 20, 2012) was an American scientific skeptic and secular humanist.
Pearson's Magazine
Pearson's Magazine was a monthly periodical that first appeared in Britain in 1896.
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Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15.
Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a capture medium in photography.
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Pierre Curie
Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity.
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Pierre L. O. A. Keeler
Pierre Louis Ormond Augustus Keeler (1855-1942), best known as Pierre L. O. A. Keeler, was an American spiritualist medium.
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Popular Mechanics
Popular Mechanics (often abbreviated as PM or PopMech) is a magazine of popular science and technology, featuring automotive, home, outdoor, electronics, science, do it yourself, and technology topics.
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Pseudonym
A pseudonym or alias is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym).
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.
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Psychic
A psychic is a person who claims to use powers rooted in parapsychology such as extrasensory perception (ESP) to identify information hidden from the normal senses, particularly involving telepathy or clairvoyance, or who performs acts that are apparently inexplicable by natural laws, such as psychokinesis or teleportation.
Psychologist
A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior.
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R101
R101 was one of a pair of British rigid airships completed in 1929 as part of the Imperial Airship Scheme, a British government programme to develop civil airships capable of service on long-distance routes within the British Empire.
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without their consent.
Ray Hyman
Ray Hyman (born June 23, 1928) is a Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, and a noted critic of parapsychology.
Ray Lankester
Sir Edwin Ray Lankester (15 May 1847 – 13 August 1929) was a British zoologist.
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Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, and three times as Prime Minister of France.
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Reality television
Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents purportedly unscripted real-life situations, often starring unfamiliar people rather than professional actors.
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Richard Hodgson (parapsychologist)
Richard Hodgson (24 September 1855 – 21 December 1905) was an Australian-born psychical researcher who investigated spiritualist mediums such as Eusapia Palladino and Leonora Piper.
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Richard Wiseman
Richard J. Wiseman (born 17 September 1966) is a professor of the public understanding of psychology at the University of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.
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Ridesharing company
A ridesharing company, ride-hailing service, (the vehicles are called app-taxis or e-taxis) is a company that, via websites and mobile apps, matches passengers with drivers of vehicles for hire that, unlike taxis, cannot legally be hailed from the street.
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Rita Goold
Rita Goold was a British psychic and spiritualist medium from Leicester.
Robert Barrett Browning
Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, known as Pen Browning, (9 March 1849 – 8 July 1912) was an English painter.
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Robert Browning
Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose dramatic monologues put him high among the Victorian poets.
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Robert Hare (chemist)
Robert Hare (January 17, 1781 – May 15, 1858) was an early American chemist and professor.
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Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture.
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Ronald Pearsall
Ronald Joseph Pearsall (20 October 1927 – 27 September 2005) was an English writer whose scope included children's stories, pornography and fishing.
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Rose Mackenberg
Rose Mackenberg (July 10, 1892 – April 10, 1968) was an American investigator specializing in fraudulent psychic mediums, known for her association with Harry Houdini.
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Rose Marks
Rose Marks (born) is the American matriarch of a family of fraudulent psychics convicted of federal crimes in 2013 in Florida.
Rosemary Altea
Rosemary Altea (born Rosemary Edwards) is a British author who describes herself as a medium and healer.
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Rosina Thompson
Rosina Thompson (born, 1868) was a British trance medium.
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Rudi Schneider
Rudi Schneider (July 27, 1908 – April 28, 1957), son of Josef Schneider and brother of Willi Schneider, was an Austrian Spiritualist and physical medium.
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Ruth Brandon
Ruth Brandon (born 1943) is a British journalist, historian and author.
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Samri Baldwin
Samuel Spencer Baldwin (January 21, 1848 – March 13, 1924), or Samri Baldwin, most well known as "The White Mahatma" was an American magician.
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Samuel Soal
Samuel George Soal (1889–1975) was a British mathematician and parapsychologist.
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Séance
A séance or seance is an attempt to communicate with spirits. Mediumship and séance are spiritualism.
Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
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Scientific skepticism
Scientific skepticism or rational skepticism (also spelled scepticism), sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry, is a position in which one questions the veracity of claims lacking empirical evidence.
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Seybert Commission
The Seybert Commission was a group of faculty members at the University of Pennsylvania who in 1884–1887 investigated a number of respected Spiritualist mediums, uncovering fraud or suspected fraud in every case that they examined. Mediumship and Seybert Commission are spiritualism.
See Mediumship and Seybert Commission
Shorthand
Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language.
Skeptical Inquirer
Skeptical Inquirer is a bimonthly American general-audience magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) with the subtitle: The Magazine for Science and Reason.
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Slate (writing)
A slate is a thin piece of hard flat material, historically slate stone, which is used as a medium for writing.
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Society for Psychical Research
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom. Mediumship and Society for Psychical Research are parapsychology.
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Spirit guide
A spirit guide, in Spiritualism, is an entity that remains as a discarnate spirit to act as a guide or protector to a living incarnated individual. Mediumship and spirit guide are spiritualism.
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Spirit photography
Spirit photography (also called ghost photography) is a type of photography whose primary goal is to capture images of ghosts and other spiritual entities, especially in ghost hunting.
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Spirit possession
Spirit possession is an unusual or an altered state of consciousness and associated behaviors which are purportedly caused by the control of a human body and its functions by spirits, ghosts, demons, angels, or gods.
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Spirits, Stars, and Spells
Spirits, Stars, and Spells: The Profits and Perils of Magic is a 1966 history book by L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp, published by Canaveral Press.
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Spiritualism (movement)
Spiritualism is a social religious movement popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, according to which an individual's awareness persists after death and may be contacted by the living. Mediumship and Spiritualism (movement) are spiritualism.
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Spiritualists' National Union
The Spiritualists' National Union (SNU) is a Spiritualist organisation, founded in the United Kingdom in 1901, and is one of the largest Spiritualist groups in the world.
See Mediumship and Spiritualists' National Union
St. George's Hall, London
St.
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Stanisława P.
Stanisława Popielska (born c. 1893) most well known as Stanisława P. was a Polish spiritual medium who was alleged to have produced ectoplasm and the psychokinetic movement of objects.
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Stanisława Tomczyk
Stanisława Janina Tomczyk (c 1885 – 2 April 1975) was a Polish spiritual medium in the early 20th century known for her alleged demonstrations of psychokinesis and psychic photography.
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Stanley LeFevre Krebs
Stanley LeFevre Krebs (January 14, 1864 – September 26, 1935) was an American psychologist and salesmanship lecturer.
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Stefan Meyer (physicist)
Stefan Meyer (27 April 1872 – 29 December 1949) was an Austrian physicist involved in research on radioactivity.
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Stephen E. Braude
Stephen E. Braude (born April 17, 1945) is an American philosopher and parapsychologist.
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Stuart Cumberland
Stuart Cumberland (1857–1922) was an English mentalist known for his demonstrations of "thought reading".
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Suggestion
Suggestion is the psychological process by which a person guides their own or another person's desired thoughts, feelings, and behaviors by presenting stimuli that may elicit them as reflexes instead of relying on conscious effort.
Suitcase
A suitcase is a form of luggage.
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a medical doctor who performs surgery.
Susan Gerbic
Susan Gerbic (born 1962) is an American studio photographer who became known as a scientific skepticism activist, mostly for exposing people claiming to be mediums.
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Sylvia Browne
Sylvia Celeste Browne (née Shoemaker; October 19, 1936 – November 20, 2013) was an American writer and self-proclaimed medium and psychic.
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Table-turning
Table-turning (also known as table-tapping, table-tipping or table-tilting) is a type of séance in which participants sit around a table, place their hands on it, and wait for rotations. Mediumship and table-turning are parapsychology and spiritualism.
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Tape recorder
An audio tape recorder, also known as a tape deck, tape player or tape machine or simply a tape recorder, is a sound recording and reproduction device that records and plays back sounds usually using magnetic tape for storage.
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Telekinesis
Telekinesis is a hypothetical psychic ability allowing an individual to influence a physical system without physical interaction. Mediumship and Telekinesis are parapsychology and pseudoscience.
See Mediumship and Telekinesis
Telepathy
Telepathy is the purported vicarious transmission of information from one person's mind to another's without using any known human sensory channels or physical interaction. Mediumship and Telepathy are parapsychology and pseudoscience.
Temperance movement
The temperance movement is a social movement promoting temperance or complete abstinence from consumption of alcoholic beverages.
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Terence Hines
Terence Michael Hines (born 22 March 1951) is an American academic and researcher.
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Textile
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc.
Théodore Flournoy
Théodore Flournoy (15 August 1854 – 5 November 1920) was a Swiss professor of psychology at the University of Geneva and author of books on parapsychology and spiritism.
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The Darkened Room
The Darkened Room: Women, Power and Spiritualism in Late Victorian England is a historical study into the role played by women in the Spiritualist religious movement in England during the latter part of the 19th century.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The Palm Beach Post
The Palm Beach Post is an American daily newspaper serving Palm Beach County in South Florida, and parts of the Treasure Coast.
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The Skeptic's Dictionary
The Skeptic's Dictionary is a collection of cross-referenced skeptical essays by Robert Todd Carroll, published on his website skepdic.com and in a printed book.
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The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.
Theodore Annemann
Theodore "Theo" Annemann (born Theodore John Squires; February 22, 1907 – January 12, 1942), stage name Ted Anneman, was an American professional magician who specialized in the field of mentalism.
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Theodore Besterman
Theodore Deodatus Nathaniel Besterman (22 November 1904 – 10 November 1976) was a Polish-born British psychical researcher, bibliographer, biographer, and translator.
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Theodore Schick
Theodore Schick is an American author in the field of philosophy.
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Theresa Caputo
Theresa Caputo (born June 10, 1967) is an American psychic medium, best known for her TLC reality television series Long Island Medium.
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Thomas Glendenning Hamilton
Thomas Glendenning Hamilton (November 27, 1873 – April 7, 1935) was a Canadian doctor, school board trustee and member of the Manitoba legislature, from 1915 to 1920.
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Thomas John (medium)
Thomas John Flanagan, known professionally as Thomas John, is an American psychic medium.
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Thomson Jay Hudson
Thomson Jay Hudson (February 22, 1834 – May 26, 1903), was an American author, journalist, a chief examiner of the US Patent Office, and a prominent anti-Spiritualist psychical researcher, known for his three laws of psychic phenomena, which were first published in 1893.
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Tissue paper
Tissue paper or simply tissue is a lightweight paper or, light crêpe paper.
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Tony Cornell
Anthony Donald Cornell (1924 – 10 April 2010) was a British parapsychologist and prominent figure in the investigations of ghosts and other paranormal activity across the United Kingdom during the later part of the twentieth century.
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Trance
Trance is a state of semi-consciousness in which a person is not self-aware and is either altogether unresponsive to external stimuli (but nevertheless capable of pursuing and realizing an aim) or is selectively responsive in following the directions of the person (if any) who has induced the trance.
Trevor H. Hall
Trevor Henry Hall (1910–1991) was a British author, surveyor, and sceptic of paranormal phenomena.
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Tyler Henry
Tyler Henry Koelewyn (born 1996) is an American reality show personality who appears in the reality show series Hollywood Medium with Tyler Henry and Life After Death with Tyler Henry as a clairvoyant medium since 2016.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
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United States Attorney
United States attorneys are officials of the U.S. Department of Justice who serve as the chief federal law enforcement officers in each of the 94 U.S. federal judicial districts.
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United States Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the United States government tasked with the enforcement of federal law and administration of justice in the United States.
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United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (in case citations, S.D. Fla. or S.D. Fl.) is the federal United States district court with territorial jurisdiction over the southern part of the state of Florida.
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University of Arizona
The University of Arizona (Arizona, U of A, UArizona, or UA) is a public land-grant research university in Tucson, Arizona.
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University of Oslo
The University of Oslo (Universitetet i Oslo; Universitas Osloensis) is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway.
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Ventriloquism
Ventriloquism is an act of stagecraft in which a person (a ventriloquist) speaks in such a way that it looks like their voice is coming from a different location, usually through a puppet known as a "dummy".
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W. T. Stead
William Thomas Stead (5 July 184915 April 1912) was an English newspaper editor who, as a pioneer of investigative journalism, became a controversial figure of the Victorian era.
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W. W. Baggally
William Wortley Baggally (c. 1848 – 14 March 1928), most well known as W. W. Baggally, was a British psychical researcher who investigated spiritualist mediums.
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Washington Irving Bishop
Washington Irving Bishop, also known as Wellington (4 March 1855 – 13 May 1889) was an American stage mentalist.
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Wendy M. Grossman
Wendy M. Grossman (born January 26, 1954) is a journalist, blogger, and folksinger.
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Will Goldston
Will Goldston (1878–1948) was an English stage magician in the first half of the 20th century.
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William Crookes
Sir William Crookes (17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919) was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, now part of Imperial College London, and worked on spectroscopy.
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William Eglinton
William Eglinton (1857–1933), also known as William Eglington was a British spiritualist medium who was exposed as a fraud.
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William Hodson Brock
William Hodson Brock (born 1936) is a British chemist and science historian.
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William Hope (paranormal investigator)
William Hope (1863 – 8 March 1933) was a pioneer of so-called "spirit photography".
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William Roy (medium)
William Roy (1911-1977) was the pseudonym of William George Holroyd Plowright, a notorious fraudulent medium in the history of British spiritualism.
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Witch of Endor
The Witch of Endor (בַּעֲלַת־אֹוב בְּעֵין דּוֹר baʿălaṯ-ʾōḇ bəʿĒyn Dōr, "mistress of the ʾōḇ in Endor") is a woman who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was consulted by Saul to summon the spirit of the prophet Samuel.
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Women's suffrage
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections.
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Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921.
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See also
Spiritualism
- Apport (paranormal)
- Automatic writing
- Bela Marsh
- Cross-correspondences
- Ectoplasm (paranormal)
- Electronic voice phenomenon
- Espiritismo
- Ghosts
- Is Spiritualism a Fraud?
- Katie King (spirit)
- London Dialectical Society
- Materialization (paranormal)
- Mediumship
- Psychomanteum
- Séance
- Séances
- Seybert Commission
- Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures
- Spirit guide
- Spirit rescue
- Spirit world (Spiritualism)
- Spiritism
- Spiritual church movement
- Spiritualism (beliefs)
- Spiritualism (movement)
- Spiritualism in fiction
- Spiritualist art
- Spiritualists
- Table-turning
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediumship
Also known as After-death communication, After-death communications, Automatic speaking, Channeler, Channeling (as a medium), Channeling (inspired), Channeling (mediumistic), Channeling (religion), Channeller, Channelling (medium), Channelling (mediumistic), Communicating with the dead, Communication with the Dead, Conduit (spiritualism), Conduit (spirituality), Direct voice mediumship, Direct-voice mediumship, Induced after-death communications, Interdimensional communication, Medium (information), Medium (spirituality), Mediumistic, Mediumistic automatism, Mediums, Mental mediumship, Metaphysical conduit, Physical mediumship, Psychic Medium, Sacred conduit, Scole Experiment, Seeing dead people, Spirit communication, Spirit media, Spirit medium, Spirit-medium, Spirit-tapping, Spiritual conduit, Spiritual medium, Trance channelling, Trance medium, Trance mediumship.
, Davenport brothers, David Devant, David Duguid (medium), David Fontana, David Marks (psychologist), Death, Deception, Dianthus caryophyllus, Dissociative identity disorder, Donald J. West, Donald Serrell Thomas, Doris Stokes, E. Clephan Palmer, E. R. Dodds, Ealing, Eavesdropping, Ectoplasm (paranormal), Eddy Brothers, Editing, Edmund Edward Fournier d'Albe, Edward Clodd, Edward William Cox, Edward Wyllie, Eileen J. Garrett, Einer Nielsen, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Emma Hardinge Britten, Ena Twigg, Eric Dingwall, Escapology, Estelle Roberts, Etta Wriedt, Eugène Osty, Eusapia Palladino, Eva Carrière, Everard Feilding, Extrasensory perception, Facebook, Faith healing, Familiar, Florence Cook (medium), Florida, Flower, Fox sisters, Francis Ward Monck, Franek Kluski, Frank Decker (medium), Frank Podmore, Fraud, Frederick Tansley Munnings, G. Stanley Hall, Gary Schwartz, George Valiantine, Georgess McHargue, Geraldine Cummins, Geraldo at Large, Geraldo Rivera, Ghost, Gladys Osborne Leonard, God, Gordon Stein, Gustav Geley, Harry Houdini, Harry Price, Headgear, Heinrich Melzer, Helen Duncan, Henry R. Evans, Henry Slade (medium), Herbert Carmichael Irwin, Hereward Carrington, Higher consciousness, Hoax, Hot reading, House, Hypnosis, Ian Wilson (author), IMDb, Indiana, Institut Métapsychique International, Ivor Lloyd Tuckett, J. Gordon Melton, Jack Webber, James Pike, James Randi, James Van Praagh, Jan Guzyk, Joe Nickell, John Booth (magician), John Casey (academic), John Edward, John Oliver, Joseph Dunninger, Joseph F. Rinn, Joseph Jastrow, Joseph McCabe, Julien J. Proskauer, Julius and Agnes Zancig, Kardecist spiritism, Kathleen Goligher, Kristian Birkeland, L. Sprague de Camp, Lajos Pap, Leonard Zusne, Leonora Piper, Leslie Flint, Levitation (paranormal), Lewis Spence, Lifetime (TV network), Linda Gazzera, List of channelers, List of topics characterized as pseudoscience, Lloyd Kenyon Jones, London, Lycopodium, M. Lamar Keene, Magic (illusion), Magical thinking, Maria Silbert, Marina Warner, Mark Edward, Martin Gardner, Mask, Massimo Polidoro, Match, Materialization (paranormal), Max Dessoir, Mentalism, Miami Herald, Michael Shermer, Milbourne Christopher, Millais Culpin, Mina Crandon, Mme. d'Esperance, Muslin, Nandor Fodor, Naples, National Laboratory of Psychical Research, National Library of Ireland, National Spiritualist Association of Churches, New Age, New Scientist, New York (state), Newspaper, Oliver Gatty, Oliver Lodge, One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, Orange (fruit), Ouija, Palgrave Macmillan, Paraffin wax, Paranormal, Parapsychological Association, Parapsychology, Paris, Paschal Beverly Randolph, Patience Worth, Paul Kurtz, Pearson's Magazine, Phosphorus, Photographic plate, Pierre Curie, Pierre L. O. A. Keeler, Popular Mechanics, Pseudonym, Pseudoscience, Psychic, Psychologist, R101, Rape, Ray Hyman, Ray Lankester, Raymond Poincaré, Reality television, Richard Hodgson (parapsychologist), Richard Wiseman, Ridesharing company, Rita Goold, Robert Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Robert Hare (chemist), Rolling Stone, Ronald Pearsall, Rose Mackenberg, Rose Marks, Rosemary Altea, Rosina Thompson, Rudi Schneider, Ruth Brandon, Samri Baldwin, Samuel Soal, Séance, Scientific American, Scientific skepticism, Seybert Commission, Shorthand, Skeptical Inquirer, Slate (writing), Society for Psychical Research, Spirit guide, Spirit photography, Spirit possession, Spirits, Stars, and Spells, Spiritualism (movement), Spiritualists' National Union, St. George's Hall, London, Stanisława P., Stanisława Tomczyk, Stanley LeFevre Krebs, Stefan Meyer (physicist), Stephen E. Braude, Stuart Cumberland, Suggestion, Suitcase, Surgeon, Susan Gerbic, Sylvia Browne, Table-turning, Tape recorder, Telekinesis, Telepathy, Temperance movement, Terence Hines, Textile, Théodore Flournoy, The Darkened Room, The New York Times, The Palm Beach Post, The Skeptic's Dictionary, The Times, Theodore Annemann, Theodore Besterman, Theodore Schick, Theresa Caputo, Thomas Glendenning Hamilton, Thomas John (medium), Thomson Jay Hudson, Tissue paper, Tony Cornell, Trance, Trevor H. Hall, Tyler Henry, United Kingdom, United States Attorney, United States Department of Justice, United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, University of Arizona, University of Oslo, Ventriloquism, W. T. Stead, W. W. Baggally, Washington Irving Bishop, Wendy M. Grossman, Will Goldston, William Crookes, William Eglinton, William Hodson Brock, William Hope (paranormal investigator), William Roy (medium), Witch of Endor, Women's suffrage, Woodrow Wilson.