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Mental model, the Glossary

A mental model is an internal representation of external reality: that is, a way of representing reality within one's mind.^[1]

74 relations: All models are wrong, Axiom, Behavior, Causal loop diagram, Charlie Munger, Cognition, Cognitive flexibility, Cognitive map, Cognitive model, Cognitive psychology, Conceptual model, Counterfactual conditional, Counterfactual thinking, Decision-making, Dedre Gentner, Discourse, Don Norman, Don't Make Me Think, Educational psychology, Feedback, Folk psychology, Free Association Books, Gestalt psychology, Human–computer interaction, Hypothesis, Information, Internal model (motor control), Jay Wright Forrester, Jean Piaget, Kenneth Craik, Knowledge representation and reasoning, Learning, Logic, Logical consequence, Lovemap, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Macrocognition, Map–territory relation, Mental model theory of reasoning, Mental Models, Mental representation, Mind, Model, Model-dependent realism, Nature Neuroscience, Neuro-linguistic programming, Neuroeconomics, Neuroimaging, Neuroplasticity, OODA loop, ... Expand index (24 more) »
Cognitive modeling
Conceptual models

All models are wrong

All models are wrong is a common aphorism and anapodoton in statistics; it is often expanded as "All models are wrong, but some are useful".

See Mental model and All models are wrong

Axiom

An axiom, postulate, or assumption is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments.

See Mental model and Axiom

Behavior

Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment.

See Mental model and Behavior

Causal loop diagram

A causal loop diagram (CLD) is a causal diagram that aids in visualizing how different variables in a system are causally interrelated.

See Mental model and Causal loop diagram

Charlie Munger

Charles Thomas Munger (January 1, 1924November 28, 2023) was an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist.

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Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". Mental model and Cognition are cognitive psychology and cognitive science.

See Mental model and Cognition

Cognitive flexibility

Cognitive flexibility is an intrinsic property of a cognitive system often associated with the mental ability to adjust its activity and content, switch between different task rules and corresponding behavioral responses, maintain multiple concepts simultaneously and shift internal attention between them. Mental model and cognitive flexibility are cognitive psychology.

See Mental model and Cognitive flexibility

Cognitive map

A cognitive map is a type of mental representation which serves an individual to acquire, code, store, recall, and decode information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment. Mental model and cognitive map are cognitive science.

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Cognitive model

A cognitive model is an approximation of one or more cognitive processes in humans or other animals for the purposes of comprehension and prediction. Mental model and cognitive model are cognitive modeling.

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Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.

See Mental model and Cognitive psychology

Conceptual model

The term conceptual model refers to any model that is formed after a conceptualization or generalization process.

See Mental model and Conceptual model

Counterfactual conditional

Counterfactual conditionals (also contrafactual, subjunctive or X-marked) are conditional sentences which discuss what would have been true under different circumstances, e.g. "If Peter believed in ghosts, he would be afraid to be here." Counterfactuals are contrasted with indicatives, which are generally restricted to discussing open possibilities.

See Mental model and Counterfactual conditional

Counterfactual thinking

Counterfactual thinking is a concept in psychology that involves the human tendency to create possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred; something that is contrary to what actually happened. Mental model and Counterfactual thinking are cognitive psychology.

See Mental model and Counterfactual thinking

Decision-making

In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options.

See Mental model and Decision-making

Dedre Gentner

Dedre Dariel Gentner (born 1944) is an American cognitive and developmental psychologist.

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Discourse

Discourse is a generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication.

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Don Norman

Donald Arthur Norman (born December 25, 1935) is an American researcher, professor, and author.

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Don't Make Me Think

Don't Make Me Think is a book by Steve Krug about human–computer interaction and web usability.

See Mental model and Don't Make Me Think

Educational psychology

Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning.

See Mental model and Educational psychology

Feedback

Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

See Mental model and Feedback

Folk psychology

In philosophy of mind and cognitive science, folk psychology, or commonsense psychology, is a human capacity to explain and predict the behavior and mental state of other people. Mental model and folk psychology are cognitive science.

See Mental model and Folk psychology

Free Association Books

Free Association Books is a project started in London in the 1980s.

See Mental model and Free Association Books

Gestalt psychology

Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism is a school of psychology and a theory of perception that emphasises the processing of entire patterns and configurations, and not merely individual components. Mental model and gestalt psychology are cognitive psychology.

See Mental model and Gestalt psychology

Human–computer interaction

Human–computer interaction (HCI) is research in the design and the use of computer technology, which focuses on the interfaces between people (users) and computers. Mental model and Human–computer interaction are information science.

See Mental model and Human–computer interaction

Hypothesis

A hypothesis (hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

See Mental model and Hypothesis

Information

Information is an abstract concept that refers to something which has the power to inform. Mental model and Information are information science.

See Mental model and Information

Internal model (motor control)

In the subject area of control theory, an internal model is a process that simulates the response of the system in order to estimate the outcome of a system disturbance.

See Mental model and Internal model (motor control)

Jay Wright Forrester

Jay Wright Forrester (July 14, 1918 – November 16, 2016) was an American computer engineer, management theorist and systems scientist.

See Mental model and Jay Wright Forrester

Jean Piaget

Jean William Fritz Piaget (9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development.

See Mental model and Jean Piaget

Kenneth Craik

Kenneth James William Craik (1914 – 1945) was a Scottish philosopher and psychologist.

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Knowledge representation and reasoning

Knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR, KR&R, KR²) is the field of artificial intelligence (AI) dedicated to representing information about the world in a form that a computer system can use to solve complex tasks such as diagnosing a medical condition or having a dialog in a natural language.

See Mental model and Knowledge representation and reasoning

Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. Mental model and Learning are cognitive science.

See Mental model and Learning

Logic

Logic is the study of correct reasoning.

See Mental model and Logic

Logical consequence

Logical consequence (also entailment) is a fundamental concept in logic which describes the relationship between statements that hold true when one statement logically follows from one or more statements.

See Mental model and Logical consequence

Lovemap

The lovemap is a concept originated by sexologist John Money in his discussions of how people develop their sexual preferences.

See Mental model and Lovemap

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

See Mental model and Ludwig Wittgenstein

Macrocognition

Macrocognition indicates a descriptive level of cognition performed in natural instead of artificial (laboratory) environments. Mental model and Macrocognition are cognitive science.

See Mental model and Macrocognition

Map–territory relation

The map–territory relation is the relationship between an object and a representation of that object, as in the relation between a geographical territory and a map of it.

See Mental model and Map–territory relation

Mental model theory of reasoning

The mental model theory of reasoning was developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991).

See Mental model and Mental model theory of reasoning

Mental Models

Mental Models is a book published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., in 1983.

See Mental model and Mental Models

Mental representation

A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality or its abstractions. Mental model and mental representation are cognitive modeling, cognitive psychology and cognitive science.

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Mind

The mind is what thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills, encompassing the totality of mental phenomena.

See Mental model and Mind

Model

A model is an informative representation of an object, person or system.

See Mental model and Model

Model-dependent realism

Model-dependent realism is a view of scientific inquiry that focuses on the role of scientific models of phenomena.

See Mental model and Model-dependent realism

Nature Neuroscience

Nature Neuroscience is a monthly scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group.

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Neuro-linguistic programming

Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is a pseudoscientific approach to communication, personal development and psychotherapy, that first appeared in Richard Bandler and John Grinder's 1975 book The Structure of Magic I. NLP asserts that there is a connection between neurological processes, language and acquired behavioral patterns, and that these can be changed to achieve specific goals in life.

See Mental model and Neuro-linguistic programming

Neuroeconomics

Neuroeconomics is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to explain human decision-making, the ability to process multiple alternatives and to follow through on a plan of action. Mental model and Neuroeconomics are cognitive psychology.

See Mental model and Neuroeconomics

Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging is the use of quantitative (computational) techniques to study the structure and function of the central nervous system, developed as an objective way of scientifically studying the healthy human brain in a non-invasive manner.

See Mental model and Neuroimaging

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity, is the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.

See Mental model and Neuroplasticity

OODA loop

The OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, act) is a decision-making model developed by military strategist and United States Air Force Colonel John Boyd.

See Mental model and OODA loop

Philip Johnson-Laird

Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird, FRS, FBA (born 12 October 1936) is a philosopher of language and reasoning and a developer of the mental model theory of reasoning.

See Mental model and Philip Johnson-Laird

Picture theory of language

The picture theory of language, also known as the picture theory of meaning, is a theory of linguistic reference and meaning articulated by Ludwig Wittgenstein in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.

See Mental model and Picture theory of language

Psyche (psychology)

In psychology, the psyche is the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious.

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Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

See Mental model and Psychology

Psychology of reasoning

The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. Mental model and psychology of reasoning are cognitive psychology.

See Mental model and Psychology of reasoning

Reality

Reality is the sum or aggregate of all that is real or existent within the universe, as opposed to that which is only imaginary, nonexistent or nonactual.

See Mental model and Reality

Reason

Reason is the capacity of applying logic consciously by drawing conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth.

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Rule of inference

In philosophy of logic and logic, a rule of inference, inference rule or transformation rule is a logical form consisting of a function which takes premises, analyzes their syntax, and returns a conclusion (or conclusions).

See Mental model and Rule of inference

Ruth M. J. Byrne

Ruth M.J. Byrne, FTCD, MRIA, (born 1962) is an Irish cognitive scientist and author of several books on human reasoning.

See Mental model and Ruth M. J. Byrne

Schema (psychology)

In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. Mental model and schema (psychology) are cognitive psychology and cognitive science.

See Mental model and Schema (psychology)

Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

See Mental model and Science (journal)

Scientific modelling

Scientific modelling is an activity that produces models representing empirical objects, phenomena, and physical processes, to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate.

See Mental model and Scientific modelling

Selective perception

Selective perception is the tendency not to notice and more quickly forget stimuli that cause emotional discomfort and contradict prior beliefs.

See Mental model and Selective perception

Self-stereotyping

In social psychology, self-stereotyping (or autostereotyping) is a process by which an individual integrates and internalizes commonly held characterizations (i.e. stereotypes or prototypes) of an in-group into their self-concept.

See Mental model and Self-stereotyping

In moral psychology, social intuitionism is a model that proposes that moral positions are often non-verbal and behavioral.

See Mental model and Social intuitionism

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_model

Also known as Mental models, Mental schema, World model, World models.

, Philip Johnson-Laird, Picture theory of language, Psyche (psychology), Psychology, Psychology of reasoning, Reality, Reason, Rule of inference, Ruth M. J. Byrne, Schema (psychology), Science (journal), Scientific modelling, Selective perception, Self-stereotyping, Social intuitionism, Space mapping, System dynamics, Systemics, Teun A. van Dijk, Text and conversation theory, Usability, Walter Kintsch, Weightlessness, Working memory.

Mental model, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Cognitive modeling

Conceptual models

References