Methylation, the Glossary
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.[1]
Table of Contents
109 relations: Alkoxide, Alkylation, Amine, Amino acid, Anisole, Arginine, Arsenic, Asymmetric dimethylarginine, Azaleatin, Biochemistry, Biological system, Biology, Bisulfite sequencing, Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, Carbohydrate, Carbonyl group, Carboxylate, Catalysis, Chemistry, CpG site, Cytosine, Demethylation, Diazomethane, Dimethyl carbonate, Dimethyl sulfate, Dimethylzinc, DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase, Electrophile, Enolate, Enzyme, Epigenetics, Eschweiler–Clarke reaction, Ester, Ether, Food chain, Gene expression, Grignard reagent, Guanine, Heavy metals, Histone, Histone methyltransferase, Homocysteine, Honey bee, Housekeeping gene, Iodomethane, Ketone, Levomefolic acid, Lignin, Lysine, ... Expand index (59 more) »
Alkoxide
In chemistry, an alkoxide is the conjugate base of an alcohol and therefore consists of an organic group bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom.
Alkylation
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. Methylation and Alkylation are organic reactions.
See Methylation and Alkylation
Amine
In chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
See Methylation and Amino acid
Anisole
Anisole, or methoxybenzene, is an organic compound with the formula.
Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.
Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and the atomic number 33.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring chemical found in blood plasma.
See Methylation and Asymmetric dimethylarginine
Azaleatin
Azaleatin is a chemical compound.
Biochemistry
Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
See Methylation and Biochemistry
Biological system
A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities.
See Methylation and Biological system
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
Bisulfite sequencing
Bisulfite sequencing (also known as bisulphite sequencing) is the use of bisulfite treatment of DNA before routine sequencing to determine the pattern of methylation. Methylation and bisulfite sequencing are epigenetics.
See Methylation and Bisulfite sequencing
Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and caffeoyl-CoA, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and feruloyl-CoA.
See Methylation and Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).
See Methylation and Carbohydrate
Carbonyl group
For organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom.
See Methylation and Carbonyl group
Carboxylate
In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid,. It is an ion with negative charge.
See Methylation and Carboxylate
Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.
Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.
CpG site
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction.
Cytosine
Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleobases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
Demethylation
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH3) from a molecule. Methylation and Demethylation are organic reactions.
See Methylation and Demethylation
Diazomethane
Diazomethane is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH2N2, discovered by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1894.
See Methylation and Diazomethane
Dimethyl carbonate
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an organic compound with the formula OC(OCH3)2.
See Methylation and Dimethyl carbonate
Dimethyl sulfate
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a chemical compound with formula (CH3O)2SO2.
See Methylation and Dimethyl sulfate
Dimethylzinc
Dimethylzinc, also known as zinc methyl, DMZ, or DMZn, is a toxic organozinc compound with the chemical formula.
See Methylation and Dimethylzinc
DNA methylation
DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. Methylation and DNA methylation are epigenetics.
See Methylation and DNA methylation
DNA methyltransferase
In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase, DNMT) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA.
See Methylation and DNA methyltransferase
Electrophile
In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair.
See Methylation and Electrophile
Enolate
In organic chemistry, enolates are organic anions derived from the deprotonation of carbonyl compounds. Methylation and enolate are organic reactions.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Epigenetics
In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence.
See Methylation and Epigenetics
Eschweiler–Clarke reaction
The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde.
See Methylation and Eschweiler–Clarke reaction
Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a functional group derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group of that acid is replaced by an organyl group.
Ether
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom bonded to two organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl).
Food chain
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice), or decomposer (such as fungi or bacteria).
See Methylation and Food chain
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Methylation and Gene expression
Grignard reagent
Grignard reagents or Grignard compounds are chemical compounds with the general formula, where X is a halogen and R is an organic group, normally an alkyl or aryl.
See Methylation and Grignard reagent
Guanine
Guanine (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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See Methylation and Heavy metals
Histone
In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla. Methylation and histone are epigenetics.
Histone methyltransferase
Histone methyltransferases (HMT) are histone-modifying enzymes (e.g., histone-lysine N-methyltransferases and histone-arginine N-methyltransferases), that catalyze the transfer of one, two, or three methyl groups to lysine and arginine residues of histone proteins. Methylation and histone methyltransferase are epigenetics.
See Methylation and Histone methyltransferase
Homocysteine
Homocysteine or Hcy: is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid.
See Methylation and Homocysteine
Honey bee
A honey bee (also spelled honeybee) is a eusocial flying insect within the genus Apis of the bee clade, all native to mainland Afro-Eurasia.
Housekeeping gene
In molecular biology, housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions.
See Methylation and Housekeeping gene
Iodomethane
Iodomethane, also called methyl iodide, and commonly abbreviated "MeI", is the chemical compound with the formula CH3I.
See Methylation and Iodomethane
Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone is an organic compound with the structure, where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents.
Levomefolic acid
Levomefolic acid (INN, also known as L-5-MTHF, L-methylfolate and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and (6S)-5-MTHF) is the primary biologically active form of folate used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homocysteine.
See Methylation and Levomefolic acid
Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants.
Lysine
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.
Menshutkin reaction
In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide.
See Methylation and Menshutkin reaction
Messenger RNA
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.
See Methylation and Messenger RNA
Methanogenesis
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane coupled to energy conservation by microbes known as methanogens.
See Methylation and Methanogenesis
MethDB
MethDB is a database for DNA methylation data. Methylation and MethDB are epigenetics.
Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
See Methylation and Methionine
Methionine synthase
Methionine synthase (MS, MeSe, MTR) is primarily responsible for the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine in most individuals.
See Methylation and Methionine synthase
Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen.
See Methylation and Methoxy group
Methyl fluorosulfonate
Methyl fluorosulfonate, also known as magic methyl, is the organic compound with the formula FSO2OCH3.
See Methylation and Methyl fluorosulfonate
Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula (whereas normal methane has the formula). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me.
See Methylation and Methyl group
Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate
Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, also commonly called methyl triflate and abbreviated MeOTf, is the organic compound with the formula.
See Methylation and Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate
Methylarsonic acid
Methylarsonic acid is an organoarsenic compound with the formula CH3AsO3H2.
See Methylation and Methylarsonic acid
Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation and Methylation are epigenetics, organic reactions and post-translational modification.
See Methylation and Methylation
Methyllithium
Methyllithium is the simplest organolithium reagent, with the empirical formula CH3Li.
See Methylation and Methyllithium
Methylmagnesium chloride
Methylmagnesium chloride is an organometallic compound with the general formula CH3MgCl.
See Methylation and Methylmagnesium chloride
Methylmercury
Methylmercury (sometimes methyl mercury) is an organometallic cation with the formula.
See Methylation and Methylmercury
MicroRNA
MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides.
Microscale thermophoresis
Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is a technology for the biophysical analysis of interactions between biomolecules.
See Methylation and Microscale thermophoresis
Monolignol
Monolignols, also called lignols, are the source materials for biosynthesis of both lignans and lignin and consist mainly of paracoumaryl alcohol (H), coniferyl alcohol (G) and sinapyl alcohol (S).
See Methylation and Monolignol
N6-Methyladenosine
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) was originally identified and partially characterised in the 1970s, and is an abundant modification in mRNA and DNA.
See Methylation and N6-Methyladenosine
Nucleophile
In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair.
See Methylation and Nucleophile
Nucleophilic substitution
In chemistry, a nucleophilic substitution (SN) is a class of chemical reactions in which an electron-rich chemical species (known as a nucleophile) replaces a functional group within another electron-deficient molecule (known as the electrophile).
See Methylation and Nucleophilic substitution
Nysted reagent
The Nysted reagent is a reagent used in organic synthesis for the methylenation of a carbonyl group.
See Methylation and Nysted reagent
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
See Methylation and Organic chemistry
Organic Syntheses
Organic Syntheses is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1921.
See Methylation and Organic Syntheses
Petasis reagent
The Petasis reagent, named after Nicos A. Petasis, is an organotitanium compound with the formula Cp2Ti(CH3)2.
See Methylation and Petasis reagent
Phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula.
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxyl groups (−O H) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
Phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. Methylation and phosphorylation are post-translational modification.
See Methylation and Phosphorylation
Post-transcriptional modification
Transcriptional modification or co-transcriptional modification is a set of biological processes common to most eukaryotic cells by which an RNA primary transcript is chemically altered following transcription from a gene to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule that can then leave the nucleus and perform any of a variety of different functions in the cell.
See Methylation and Post-transcriptional modification
Post-translational modification
In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis.
See Methylation and Post-translational modification
Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.
See Methylation and Precursor (chemistry)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter.
See Methylation and Promoter (genetics)
Protein methylation
Protein methylation is a type of post-translational modification featuring the addition of methyl groups to proteins. Methylation and protein methylation are epigenetics and post-translational modification.
See Methylation and Protein methylation
Redox
Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.
Remethylation
Remethylation involves methylation that occurs in some biochemical cycles.
See Methylation and Remethylation
Residue (chemistry)
Within the sciences residue is a complex concept with multiple meanings.
See Methylation and Residue (chemistry)
Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells.
See Methylation and Ribosomal RNA
S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), also known under the commercial names of SAMe, SAM-e, or AdoMet, is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation.
See Methylation and S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Methylcysteine
S-Methylcysteine is the amino acid with the nominal formula CH3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
See Methylation and S-Methylcysteine
Silver oxide
Silver oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Ag2O.
See Methylation and Silver oxide
Small nuclear RNA
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the splicing speckles and Cajal bodies of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
See Methylation and Small nuclear RNA
Small nucleolar RNA
In molecular biology, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs.
See Methylation and Small nucleolar RNA
Soil science
Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.
See Methylation and Soil science
Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent.
See Methylation and Substrate (chemistry)
Tebbe's reagent
Tebbe's reagent is the organometallic compound with the formula (C5H5)2TiCH2ClAl(CH3)2.
See Methylation and Tebbe's reagent
Tetrahydrofolic acid
Tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA), or tetrahydrofolate, is a folic acid derivative.
See Methylation and Tetrahydrofolic acid
Tetramethylammonium chloride
Tetramethylammonium chloride is one of the simplest quaternary ammonium salts, with four methyl groups tetrahedrally attached to the central N. The chemical formula (CH3)4N+Cl− is often abbreviated further as Me4N+Cl−.
See Methylation and Tetramethylammonium chloride
Tetramethyltin
Tetramethyltin is an organometallic compound with the formula (CH3)4Sn.
See Methylation and Tetramethyltin
Transfer RNA
Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length (in eukaryotes), that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
See Methylation and Transfer RNA
Transfer-messenger RNA
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties.
See Methylation and Transfer-messenger RNA
Trimethylaluminium
Trimethylaluminium is one of the simplest examples of an organoaluminium compound.
See Methylation and Trimethylaluminium
Trimethylsilyldiazomethane
Trimethylsilyldiazomethane is the organosilicon compound with the formula (CH3)3SiCHN2.
See Methylation and Trimethylsilyldiazomethane
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. Methylation and Ubiquitin are post-translational modification.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism.
See Methylation and Vitamin B12
Wittig reaction
The Wittig reaction or Wittig olefination is a chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide called a Wittig reagent.
See Methylation and Wittig reaction
Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
5-Methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (C) that regulates gene transcription and takes several other biological roles.
See Methylation and 5-Methylcytosine
5-O-Methylgenistein
5-O-Methylgenistein is an O-methylated isoflavone.
See Methylation and 5-O-Methylgenistein
5-O-Methylmyricetin
5-O-Methylmyricetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid.
See Methylation and 5-O-Methylmyricetin
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylation
Also known as 5-O-Methyl, 5-O-Methylation, Arginine methylation, Biomethylation, Epigenetic methylation, Hypermethylated, Hypermethylation, Irvine-Purdie methylation, Methylate, Methylated, Methylates, Methylating, Methylating agent, Methylation capacity, Purdie methylation, RNA methylation.
, Menshutkin reaction, Messenger RNA, Methanogenesis, MethDB, Methionine, Methionine synthase, Methoxy group, Methyl fluorosulfonate, Methyl group, Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, Methylarsonic acid, Methylation, Methyllithium, Methylmagnesium chloride, Methylmercury, MicroRNA, Microscale thermophoresis, Monolignol, N6-Methyladenosine, Nucleophile, Nucleophilic substitution, Nysted reagent, Organic chemistry, Organic Syntheses, Petasis reagent, Phenol, Phenols, Phosphorylation, Post-transcriptional modification, Post-translational modification, Precursor (chemistry), Promoter (genetics), Protein methylation, Redox, Remethylation, Residue (chemistry), Ribosomal RNA, S-Adenosyl methionine, S-Methylcysteine, Silver oxide, Small nuclear RNA, Small nucleolar RNA, Soil science, Substrate (chemistry), Tebbe's reagent, Tetrahydrofolic acid, Tetramethylammonium chloride, Tetramethyltin, Transfer RNA, Transfer-messenger RNA, Trimethylaluminium, Trimethylsilyldiazomethane, Ubiquitin, Vitamin B12, Wittig reaction, Zinc, 5-Methylcytosine, 5-O-Methylgenistein, 5-O-Methylmyricetin.