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Microcystin-LR, the Glossary

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a toxin produced by cyanobacteria.^[1]

51 relations: Acetyl group, ADDA (amino acid), Arginine, Biological half-life, Bleeding, Brazil, Carcinogen, Caruaru, Chemical burn, Clastogen, Conjugated system, Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxin, Cytochrome b5, Cytochrome P450, Cytotoxicity, Epithelium, Eutrophication, Food chain, Gastroenteritis, Hepatocyte, Hepatotoxicity, Intraperitoneal injection, Intravenous therapy, Kidney dialysis, L-threo-3-Methylaspartate, Lake Rotorua, Leucine, Median lethal dose, Metalloproteinase, Microcystin, Microcystinase, Microcystis, Microcystis aeruginosa, Mucous membrane, Neoplasm, Neurotoxicity, Nonribosomal peptide, Peptide, Phenyl group, Phosphorylation, Polyketide synthase, Primary biliary cholangitis, Protein domain, Protein kinase A, Protein kinase C, Protein phosphatase, Protein phosphatase 1, Protein phosphatase 2, Proteinogenic amino acid, ... Expand index (1 more) »
Algae
Covalent inhibitors
Cyanobacteria
Cyanotoxins
Phosphatase inhibitors

Acetyl group

In organic chemistry, acetyl is a functional group with the chemical formula and the structure.

ADDA (amino acid)

ADDA ((all-S,all-E)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid found in toxins made by cyanobacteria.

See Microcystin-LR and ADDA (amino acid)

Arginine

Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.

See Microcystin-LR and Arginine

Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (Cmax) to half of Cmax in the blood plasma.

See Microcystin-LR and Biological half-life

Bleeding

Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels.

See Microcystin-LR and Bleeding

Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.

See Microcystin-LR and Brazil

Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any agent that promotes the development of cancer.

See Microcystin-LR and Carcinogen

Caruaru

Caruaru is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Pernambuco.

See Microcystin-LR and Caruaru

Chemical burn

A chemical burn occurs when living tissue is exposed to a corrosive substance (such as a strong acid, base or oxidizer) or a cytotoxic agent (such as mustard gas, lewisite or arsine).

See Microcystin-LR and Chemical burn

Clastogen

A clastogen is a mutagenic agent that disturbs normal DNA related processes or directly causes DNA strand breakages, thus causing the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of entire chromosome sections.

See Microcystin-LR and Clastogen

Conjugated system

In theoretical chemistry, a conjugated system is a system of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule, which in general lowers the overall energy of the molecule and increases stability.

See Microcystin-LR and Conjugated system

Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis. Microcystin-LR and Cyanobacteria are algae.

See Microcystin-LR and Cyanobacteria

Cyanotoxin

Cyanotoxins are toxins produced by cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae). Microcystin-LR and Cyanotoxin are cyanotoxins.

See Microcystin-LR and Cyanotoxin

Cytochrome b5

Cytochromes b5 are ubiquitous electron transport hemoproteins found in animals, plants, fungi and purple phototrophic bacteria.

See Microcystin-LR and Cytochrome b5

Cytochrome P450

Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases.

See Microcystin-LR and Cytochrome P450

Cytotoxicity

Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.

See Microcystin-LR and Cytotoxicity

Epithelium

Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

See Microcystin-LR and Epithelium

Eutrophication

Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of microorganisms that may deplete the oxygen of water.

See Microcystin-LR and Eutrophication

Food chain

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice), or decomposer (such as fungi or bacteria).

See Microcystin-LR and Food chain

Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine.

See Microcystin-LR and Gastroenteritis

Hepatocyte

A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver.

See Microcystin-LR and Hepatocyte

Hepatotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage.

See Microcystin-LR and Hepatotoxicity

Intraperitoneal injection

Intraperitoneal injection or IP injection is the injection of a substance into the peritoneum (body cavity).

See Microcystin-LR and Intraperitoneal injection

Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.

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Kidney dialysis

Kidney dialysis (from Greek,, 'dissolution'; from,, 'through', and,, 'loosening or splitting') is the process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer perform these functions naturally.

See Microcystin-LR and Kidney dialysis

L-threo-3-Methylaspartate

-threo-3-Methylaspartate is an unusual amino acid formed by glutamate mutase and can be metabolised by methylaspartate ammonia-lyase.

See Microcystin-LR and L-threo-3-Methylaspartate

Lake Rotorua

Lake Rotorua (Te Rotorua nui ā Kahumatamomoe) is the second largest lake in the North Island of New Zealand by surface area, and covers 79.8 km2.

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Leucine

Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

See Microcystin-LR and Leucine

In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance.

See Microcystin-LR and Median lethal dose

A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal.

See Microcystin-LR and Metalloproteinase

Microcystin

Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae. Microcystin-LR and Microcystin are algae, cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins and cyclic peptides.

See Microcystin-LR and Microcystin

Microcystinase

Microcystinase is a protease that selectively degrades Microcystin, an extremely potent cyanotoxin that results in marine pollution and human and animal food chain poisoning.

See Microcystin-LR and Microcystinase

Microcystis

Microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria that includes the harmful algal bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa.

See Microcystin-LR and Microcystis

Microcystis aeruginosa

Microcystis aeruginosa is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria that can form harmful algal blooms of economic and ecological importance.

See Microcystin-LR and Microcystis aeruginosa

Mucous membrane

A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs.

See Microcystin-LR and Mucous membrane

Neoplasm

A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

See Microcystin-LR and Neoplasm

Neurotoxicity

Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.

See Microcystin-LR and Neurotoxicity

Nonribosomal peptide

Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.

See Microcystin-LR and Nonribosomal peptide

Peptide

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

See Microcystin-LR and Peptide

Phenyl group

In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula, and is often represented by the symbol Ph (archaically φ).

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Phosphorylation

In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.

See Microcystin-LR and Phosphorylation

Polyketide synthase

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages.

See Microcystin-LR and Polyketide synthase

Primary biliary cholangitis

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver.

See Microcystin-LR and Primary biliary cholangitis

Protein domain

In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest.

See Microcystin-LR and Protein domain

Protein kinase A

In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP).

See Microcystin-LR and Protein kinase A

Protein kinase C

In cell biology, Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.

See Microcystin-LR and Protein kinase C

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcystin-LR

Also known as MCLR, Microcystin LR.

, World Health Organization.

Microcystin-LR, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Algae

Covalent inhibitors

Cyanobacteria

Cyanotoxins

Phosphatase inhibitors

References