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Middle Welsh, the Glossary

Index Middle Welsh

Middle Welsh (Cymraeg Canol, Kymraec) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 44 relations: Alveolar consonant, Approximant, Ar Lan y Môr, Back vowel, Book of Llandaff, Brittonic languages, Celtic languages, Central vowel, Close central rounded vowel, Close vowel, Common Brittonic, Cyfraith Hywel, Fricative, Front vowel, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerundive, Glottal consonant, Insular Celtic languages, Interdental consonant, Labial consonant, Lateral consonant, Latin script, Mabinogion, Medieval Welsh literature, Mid vowel, Nasal consonant, Old Welsh, Open vowel, Orthography, Palatal consonant, Phonology, Plosive, Relative clause, Roundedness, Suppletion, Thou, Trill consonant, Velar consonant, Vigesimal, Voice (phonetics), Wales, Welsh language, Welsh law, Welsh orthography.

  2. History of the Welsh language
  3. Languages attested from the 12th century

Alveolar consonant

Alveolar (UK also) consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth.

See Middle Welsh and Alveolar consonant

Approximant

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.

See Middle Welsh and Approximant

Ar Lan y Môr

"Ar Lan y Môr" ("On the Seashore") is a traditional Welsh folk love song.

See Middle Welsh and Ar Lan y Môr

Back vowel

A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages.

See Middle Welsh and Back vowel

Book of Llandaff

The Book of Llandaff (Liber Landavensis; Llyfr Llandaf, Llyfr Llan Dâv, or Llyfr Teilo), is the cartulary of the cathedral of Llandaff, a 12th-century compilation of documents relating to the history of the diocese of Llandaff in Wales.

See Middle Welsh and Book of Llandaff

Brittonic languages

The Brittonic languages (also Brythonic or British Celtic; ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; and yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.

See Middle Welsh and Brittonic languages

Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic.

See Middle Welsh and Celtic languages

Central vowel

A central vowel, formerly also known as a mixed vowel, is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

See Middle Welsh and Central vowel

Close central rounded vowel

The close central rounded vowel, or high central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

See Middle Welsh and Close central rounded vowel

Close vowel

A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in U.S. terminology), is any in a class of vowel sounds used in many spoken languages.

See Middle Welsh and Close vowel

Common Brittonic

Common Brittonic (Brythoneg; Brythonek; Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, is an extinct Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany. Middle Welsh and Common Brittonic are history of the Welsh language.

See Middle Welsh and Common Brittonic

Cyfraith Hywel

Cyfraith Hywel (Laws of Hywel), also known as Welsh law (Leges Walliæ), was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its final conquest by England.

See Middle Welsh and Cyfraith Hywel

Fricative

A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.

See Middle Welsh and Fricative

Front vowel

A front vowel is a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would otherwise make it a consonant.

See Middle Welsh and Front vowel

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (GPC) (The University of Wales Dictionary) is the only standard historical dictionary of the Welsh language, aspiring to be "comparable in method and scope to the Oxford English Dictionary". Middle Welsh and Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru are Welsh language.

See Middle Welsh and Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru

Gerundive

In Latin grammar, a gerundive is a verb form that functions as a verbal adjective.

See Middle Welsh and Gerundive

Glottal consonant

Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation.

See Middle Welsh and Glottal consonant

Insular Celtic languages

Insular Celtic languages are the group of Celtic languages spoken in Brittany, Great Britain, Ireland, and the Isle of Man.

See Middle Welsh and Insular Celtic languages

Interdental consonant

Interdental consonants are produced by placing the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth.

See Middle Welsh and Interdental consonant

Labial consonant

Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator.

See Middle Welsh and Labial consonant

Lateral consonant

A lateral is a consonant in which the airstream proceeds along one or both of the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth.

See Middle Welsh and Lateral consonant

Latin script

The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia.

See Middle Welsh and Latin script

Mabinogion

The Mabinogion are the earliest Welsh prose stories, and belong to the Matter of Britain.

See Middle Welsh and Mabinogion

Medieval Welsh literature

Medieval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages. Middle Welsh and Medieval Welsh literature are history of the Welsh language.

See Middle Welsh and Medieval Welsh literature

Mid vowel

A mid vowel (or a true-mid vowel) is any in a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages.

See Middle Welsh and Mid vowel

Nasal consonant

In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.

See Middle Welsh and Nasal consonant

Old Welsh

Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg) is the stage of the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh. Middle Welsh and Old Welsh are extinct languages of Europe, history of the Welsh language, medieval languages and Welsh language.

See Middle Welsh and Old Welsh

Open vowel

An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.

See Middle Welsh and Open vowel

Orthography

An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word boundaries, emphasis, and punctuation.

See Middle Welsh and Orthography

Palatal consonant

Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).

See Middle Welsh and Palatal consonant

Phonology

Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.

See Middle Welsh and Phonology

Plosive

In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

See Middle Welsh and Plosive

Relative clause

A relative clause is a clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase and uses some grammatical device to indicate that one of the arguments in the relative clause refers to the noun or noun phrase.

See Middle Welsh and Relative clause

Roundedness

In phonetics, vowel roundedness is the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel.

See Middle Welsh and Roundedness

Suppletion

In linguistics and etymology, suppletion is traditionally understood as the use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate.

See Middle Welsh and Suppletion

Thou

The word thou is a second-person singular pronoun in English.

See Middle Welsh and Thou

Trill consonant

In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator.

See Middle Welsh and Trill consonant

Velar consonant

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (also known as the "velum").

See Middle Welsh and Velar consonant

Vigesimal

A vigesimal or base-20 (base-score) numeral system is based on twenty (in the same way in which the decimal numeral system is based on ten).

See Middle Welsh and Vigesimal

Voice (phonetics)

Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants).

See Middle Welsh and Voice (phonetics)

Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Middle Welsh and Wales

Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people.

See Middle Welsh and Welsh language

Welsh law

Welsh law (Cyfraith Cymru) is an autonomous part of the English law system composed of legislation made by the Senedd.

See Middle Welsh and Welsh law

Welsh orthography

Welsh orthography uses 29 letters (including eight digraphs) of the Latin script to write native Welsh words as well as established loanwords. Middle Welsh and Welsh orthography are Welsh language.

See Middle Welsh and Welsh orthography

See also

History of the Welsh language

Languages attested from the 12th century

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Welsh

Also known as ISO 639:wlm, Medieval Welsh, Middle Welsh language, Middle-Welsh.