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Mineralized tissues, the Glossary

Mineralized tissues are biological tissues that incorporate minerals into soft matrices.^[1]

88 relations: Actinopterygii, Agnatha, Alanine, Amorphous solid, Antler, Aragonite, Asperity (materials science), Atherosclerosis, Bamboo, Bioceramic, Biomimetics, Biomineralization, Bone, Bone mineral, Bone resorption, Brittleness, Calcite, Calcium carbonate, Calcium oxalate, Calcium phosphate, Cartilage, Ceramic, Chitin, Chondrichthyes, Collagen, Composite material, Conch, Conodont, Crystalline silicon, Deformation (engineering), Dentin, Dentin phosphoprotein, Dermatomyositis, Diatom, Ductility, Electrolyte, Endoskeleton, Etching (microfabrication), Finite element method, Fracture, Fracture toughness, Freeze-casting, Glycine, Hardness, Homogeneity and heterogeneity, Hydrogel, Hydrophobe, Hydroxyapatite, Ice crystal, Infrared spectroscopy, ... Expand index (38 more) »
Biomineralization
Bone products

Actinopterygii

Actinopterygii, members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species.

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Agnatha

Agnatha is an infraphylum of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, consisting of both living (cyclostomes) and extinct (conodonts, anaspids, and ostracoderms) species.

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Alanine

Alanine (symbol Ala or A), or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Amorphous solid

In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal.

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Antler

Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family. Mineralized tissues and Antler are bone products.

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Aragonite

Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate, the others being calcite and vaterite.

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Asperity (materials science)

In materials science, asperity, defined as "unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness" (from the Latin asper—"rough"), has implications (for example) in physics and seismology.

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Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.

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Bamboo

Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.

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Bioceramic

Bioceramics and bioglasses are ceramic materials that are biocompatible.

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Biomimetics

Biomimetics or biomimicry is the emulation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.

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Biomineralization, also written biomineralisation, is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often resulting in hardened or stiffened mineralized tissues. Mineralized tissues and Biomineralization are Pedology and Physiology.

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Bone

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.

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Bone mineral

Bone mineral (also called inorganic bone phase, bone salt, or bone apatite) is the inorganic component of bone tissue. Mineralized tissues and bone mineral are bone products.

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Bone resorption

Bone resorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood. Mineralized tissues and bone resorption are Physiology.

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Brittleness

A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it fractures with little elastic deformation and without significant plastic deformation.

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Calcite

Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

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Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

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Calcium oxalate

Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula or.

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Calcium phosphate

The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions.

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Cartilage

Cartilage is a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue.

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Ceramic

A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature.

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Chitin

Chitin (C8H13O5N)n is a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose.

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Chondrichthyes

Chondrichthyes is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage.

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Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of a body's various connective tissues.

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Composite material

A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is a material which is produced from two or more constituent materials.

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Conch

Conch is a common name of a number of different medium-to-large-sized sea snails.

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Conodont

Conodonts (Greek kōnos, "cone", + odont, "tooth") are an extinct group of eel-looking agnathan (jawless) vertebrates, classified in the class Conodonta.

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Crystalline silicon

Crystalline silicon or (c-Si) Is the crystalline forms of silicon, either polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si, consisting of small crystals), or monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si, a continuous crystal).

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Deformation (engineering)

In engineering, deformation (the change in size or shape of an object) may be elastic or plastic.

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Dentin

Dentin (American English) or dentine (British English) (substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth.

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Dentin phosphoprotein

Dentin phosphoprotein, or phosphophoryn, is one of three proteins formed from dentin sialophosphoprotein and is important in the regulation of mineralization of dentin.

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Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long-term inflammatory disorder which affects the skin and the muscles.

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Diatom

A diatom (Neo-Latin diatoma) is any member of a large group comprising several genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.

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Ductility

Ductility refers to the ability of a material to sustain significant plastic deformation before fracture.

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Electrolyte

An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that are electrically conductive through the movement of those ions, but not conducting electrons.

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Endoskeleton

An endoskeleton (From Greek ἔνδον, éndon.

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Etching (microfabrication)

Etching is used in microfabrication to chemically remove layers from the surface of a wafer during manufacturing.

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Finite element method

The finite element method (FEM) is a popular method for numerically solving differential equations arising in engineering and mathematical modeling.

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Fracture

Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress.

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Fracture toughness

In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited.

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Freeze-casting

Freeze-casting, also frequently referred to as ice-templating, freeze casting, or freeze alignment, is a technique that exploits the highly anisotropic solidification behavior of a solvent (generally water) in a well-dispersed solution or slurry to controllably template directionally porous ceramics, polymers, metals and their hybrids.

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Glycine

Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.

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Hardness

In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion.

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Homogeneity and heterogeneity

Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image.

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Hydrogel

A hydrogel is a biphasic material, a mixture of porous, permeable solids and at least 10% by weight or volume of interstitial fluid composed completely or mainly by water.

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Hydrophobe

In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe).

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Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (IMA name: hydroxylapatite) (Hap, HAp, or HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula, often written to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities.

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Ice crystal

Ice crystals are solid ice in symmetrical shapes including hexagonal columns, hexagonal plates, and dendritic crystals.

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Infrared spectroscopy

Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection.

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Inorganic compound

An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds⁠that is, a compound that is not an organic compound.

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Ion beam

An ion beam is a type of charged particle beam consisting of ions.

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Kidney stone disease

Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract.

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List of materials properties

A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material.

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Macroscopic scale

The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible with the naked eye, without magnifying optical instruments.

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MEMS

MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) is the technology of microscopic devices incorporating both electronic and moving parts.

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Mollusc shell

The mollusc (or molluskOften spelled mollusk shell in the USA; the spelling "mollusc" are preferred by) shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes.

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Nacre

Nacre, also known as mother of pearl, is an organicinorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer.

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Nanoindentation

Nanoindentation, also called instrumented indentation testing, is a variety of indentation hardness tests applied to small volumes.

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Nucleation

In thermodynamics, nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or structure via self-assembly or self-organization within a substance or mixture.

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Organic compound

Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.

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Osteocalcin

Osteocalcin, also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a small (49-amino-acid) noncollagenous protein hormone found in bone and dentin, first identified as a calcium-binding protein.

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Osteon

In osteology, the osteon or haversian system (named for Clopton Havers) is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone.

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Osteonectin

Osteonectin (ON) also known as secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) or basement-membrane protein 40 (BM-40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPARC gene.

See Mineralized tissues and Osteonectin

Osteopontin

Osteopontin (OPN), also known as bone /sialoprotein I (BSP-1 or BNSP), early T-lymphocyte activation (ETA-1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), 2ar and Rickettsia resistance (Ric), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPP1 gene (secreted phosphoprotein 1).

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Pathology

Pathology is the study of disease and injury.

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Photoresist

A photoresist (also known simply as a resist) is a light-sensitive material used in several processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving, to form a patterned coating on a surface.

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Radiolaria

The Radiolaria, also called Radiozoa, are protozoa of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions of endoplasm and ectoplasm.

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Sarcopterygii

Sarcopterygii — sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii — is a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) including both a group of bony fish commonly referred to as lobe-finned fish, and tetrapods.

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Sea urchin

Sea urchins or urchins, alternatively known as sea hedgehogs, are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.

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Seashell

A seashell or sea shell, also known simply as a shell, is a hard, protective outer layer usually created by an animal or organism that lives in the sea.

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Shell growth in estuaries

Shell growth in estuaries is an aspect of marine biology that has attracted a number of scientific research studies.

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Sialolithiasis

Sialolithiasis (also termed salivary calculi, or salivary stones) is a crystallopathy where a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland (also termed "Wharton's duct").

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Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, commonly found in nature as quartz.

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Silk

Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.

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Stiffness

Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force.

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Strength of materials

The field of strength of materials (also called mechanics of materials) typically refers to various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts.

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Tendon

A tendon or sinew is a tough band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

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Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific function.

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Tooth

A tooth (teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.

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Tooth enamel

Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many animals, including some species of fish.

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Topology

Topology (from the Greek words, and) is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, without closing holes, opening holes, tearing, gluing, or passing through itself.

See Mineralized tissues and Topology

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralized_tissues

Also known as Mineralised tissue, Mineralised tissues, Mineralized tissue.

, Inorganic compound, Ion beam, Kidney stone disease, List of materials properties, Macroscopic scale, MEMS, Mollusc shell, Nacre, Nanoindentation, Nucleation, Organic compound, Osteocalcin, Osteon, Osteonectin, Osteopontin, Pathology, Photoresist, Radiolaria, Sarcopterygii, Sea urchin, Seashell, Shell growth in estuaries, Sialolithiasis, Silicon dioxide, Silk, Stiffness, Strength of materials, Tendon, Tissue (biology), Tooth, Tooth enamel, Topology, Toughness, Tumoral calcinosis, Vertebrate, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Whitlockite, 3D printing.

Mineralized tissues, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Biomineralization

Bone products

References