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Mode of production, the Glossary

Index Mode of production

In the Marxist theory of historical materialism, a mode of production (German: Produktionsweise, "the way of producing") is a specific combination of the.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 115 relations: Adam Smith, Age of Enlightenment, Agriculture, Alexandre Kojève, Ancient Greece, Ancient history, Ancient Rome, Animism, Aristocracy, Asiatic mode of production, Base and superstructure, Bourgeoisie, Bureaucracy, Bureaucratic collectivism, Capitalism, Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory), Chris Harman, Chris Wickham, City, Class conflict, Coin, Commodity, Communism, Communist society, Crisis theory, Critique of political economy, Crop rotation, Das Kapital, Dictatorship of the proletariat, Division of labour, Empire, English Civil War, Exploitation of labour, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Family, Feud, Feudalism, Fidel Castro, Fief, Financial capital, Frederic William Maitland, Fredric Jameson, Free association of producers, French Revolution, From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs, Ghost town, Glorious Revolution, Greek alphabet, Greek tragedy, Historical materialism, ... Expand index (65 more) »

  2. Historical materialism

Adam Smith

Adam Smith (baptised 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.

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Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.

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Agriculture

Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.

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Alexandre Kojève

Alexandre Kojève (28 April 1902 – 4 June 1968) was a Russian-born French philosopher and statesman whose philosophical seminars had an immense influence on 20th-century French philosophy, particularly via his integration of Hegelian concepts into twentieth-century continental philosophy.

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.

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Ancient history

Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity.

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Ancient Rome

In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

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Animism

Animism (from meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.

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Aristocracy

Aristocracy is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

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Asiatic mode of production

The theory of the Asiatic mode of production (AMP) was devised by Karl Marx around the early 1850s. Mode of production and Asiatic mode of production are Marxian economics.

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Base and superstructure

In Marxist theory, society consists of two parts: the base (or substructure) and superstructure. Mode of production and base and superstructure are Marxian economics, Marxist terminology, Marxist theory and Sociological terminology.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie are a class of business owners and merchants which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between peasantry and aristocracy. Mode of production and bourgeoisie are Marxist terminology.

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Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials.

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Bureaucratic collectivism

Bureaucratic collectivism is a theory of class society.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Mode of production and Capitalism are production economics.

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Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)

In Karl Marx's critique of political economy and subsequent Marxian analyses, the capitalist mode of production (German: Produktionsweise) refers to the systems of organizing production and distribution within capitalist societies. Mode of production and capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory) are Marxian economics, Marxist theory and production economics.

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Chris Harman

Christopher John Harman (8 November 1942 – 7 November 2009) was a British journalist and political activist, and a member of the Central Committee of the Socialist Workers Party.

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Chris Wickham

Christopher John Wickham (born 18 May 1950) is a British historian and academic.

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City

A city is a human settlement of a notable size.

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Class conflict

In political science, the term class conflict, or class struggle, refers to the political tension and economic antagonism that exist among the social classes of society, because of socioeconomic competition for resources among the social classes, between the rich and the poor.

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Coin

A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender.

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Commodity

In economics, a commodity is an economic good, usually a resource, that specifically has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

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Communist society

In Marxist thought, a communist society or the communist system is the type of society and economic system postulated to emerge from technological advances in the productive forces, representing the ultimate goal of the political ideology of communism. Mode of production and communist society are Marxist theory.

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Crisis theory

Crisis theory, concerning the causes and consequences of the tendency for the rate of profit to fall in a capitalist system, is associated with Marxian critique of political economy, and was further popularised through Marxist economics. Mode of production and Crisis theory are Marxian economics and Marxist theory.

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Critique of political economy

Critique of political economy or simply the first critique of economy is a form of social critique that rejects the conventional ways of distributing resources.

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Crop rotation

Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons.

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Das Kapital

Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (Das Kapital.), also known as Capital and Das Kapital, is a foundational theoretical text in materialist philosophy and critique of political economy written by Karl Marx, published as three volumes in 1867, 1885, and 1894. Mode of production and Das Kapital are historical materialism.

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Dictatorship of the proletariat

In Marxist philosophy, the dictatorship of the proletariat is a condition in which the proletariat, or working class, holds control over state power. Mode of production and dictatorship of the proletariat are Marxist terminology and Marxist theory.

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Division of labour

The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation). Mode of production and division of labour are production economics.

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Empire

An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries".

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English Civil War

The English Civil War refers to a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from 1642 to 1651.

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Exploitation of labour

Exploitation is a concept defined as, in its broadest sense, one agent taking unfair advantage of another agent. Mode of production and Exploitation of labour are Marxian economics.

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Fall of the Western Roman Empire

The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.

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Family

Family (from familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship).

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Feud

A feud, also known in more extreme cases as a blood feud, vendetta, faida, clan war, gang war, private war, or mob war, is a long-running argument or fight, often between social groups of people, especially families or clans.

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Feudalism

Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.

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Fidel Castro

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008.

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Fief

A fief (feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law.

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Financial capital

Financial capital (also simply known as capital or equity in finance, accounting and economics) is any economic resource measured in terms of money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or to provide their services to the sector of the economy upon which their operation is based (e.g.

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Frederic William Maitland

Frederic William Maitland (28 May 1850 –) was an English historian and jurist who is regarded as the modern father of English legal history.

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Fredric Jameson

Fredric Jameson (born April 14, 1934) is an American literary critic, philosopher and Marxist political theorist.

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Free association of producers

Free association, also known as free association of producers, is a relationship among individuals where there is no state, social class, hierarchy, division of labour or private ownership of means of production. Mode of production and free association of producers are Marxist theory.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

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From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs

"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" (Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen) is a slogan popularised by Karl Marx in his 1875 Critique of the Gotha Programme.

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Ghost town

A ghost town, deserted city, extinct town, or abandoned city is an abandoned settlement, usually one that contains substantial visible remaining buildings and infrastructure such as roads.

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Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution is the sequence of events that led to the deposition of James II and VII in November 1688.

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Greek alphabet

The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.

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Greek tragedy

Greek tragedy is one of the three principal theatrical genres from Ancient Greece and Greek inhabited Anatolia, along with comedy and the satyr play.

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Historical materialism

Historical materialism is Karl Marx's theory of history. Mode of production and Historical materialism are Marxist theory.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).

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Idealism

Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered "real".

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Ideology

An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Mode of production and ideology are Sociological terminology.

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Imperialism

Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Mode of production and imperialism are Marxian economics.

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J. W. Burrow

John Wyon Burrow, FBA (4 June 1935 in Southsea – 3 November 2009 in Witney, Oxfordshire)"", The Independent.

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John Haldon

John Frederick Haldon FBA (born 23 October 1948 in Newcastle upon Tyne) is a British historian, and Shelby Cullom Davis '30 Professor of European History emeritus, professor of Byzantine history and Hellenic Studies emeritus, as well as former director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies at Princeton University.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

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Labour power

Labour power (Arbeitskraft; force de travail) is the capacity to do work, a key concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of capitalist political economy. Mode of production and Labour power are Marxian economics.

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Laws (dialogue)

The Laws (Greek: Νόμοι, Nómoi; Latin: De Legibus) is Plato's last and longest dialogue.

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Left communism

Left communism, or the communist left, is a position held by the left wing of communism, which criticises the political ideas and practices espoused by Marxist–Leninists and social democrats.

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Liberal democracy

Liberal democracy, western-style democracy, or substantive democracy is a form of government that combines the organization of a representative democracy with ideas of liberal political philosophy.

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Market (economics)

In economics, a market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.

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Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

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Marx's theory of alienation

Karl Marx's theory of alienation describes the estrangement (German: Entfremdung) of people from aspects of their human nature (Gattungswesen, 'species-essence') as a consequence of the division of labour and living in a society of stratified social classes. Mode of production and Marx's theory of alienation are Marxist theory.

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Marxism–Leninism

Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution.

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Materialism

Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions of material things.

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Max Weber

Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist who was one of the central figures in the development of sociology and the social sciences more generally.

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Means of production

In political philosophy, the means of production refers to the generally necessary assets and resources that enable a society to engage in production. Mode of production and means of production are Marxian economics, Marxist terminology and production economics.

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Mercantilism

Mercantilism is a nationalist economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy.

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Michael Perelman (economist)

Michael Perelman (October 1, 1939 - September 21, 2020) was an American economist and economic historian, former professor of economics at California State University, Chico.

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Michel Foucault

Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 192625 June 1984) was a French historian of ideas and philosopher who also served as an author, literary critic, political activist, and teacher.

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Money

Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context.

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Nation state

A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.

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Nationality

Nationality is the legal status of belonging to a particular nation, defined as a group of people organized in one country, under one legal jurisdiction, or as a group of people who are united on the basis of culture.

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Negation

In logic, negation, also called the logical not or logical complement, is an operation that takes a proposition P to another proposition "not P", standing for "P is not true", written \neg P, \mathord P or \overline.

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Neolithic

The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.

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Neolithic Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly large population possible.

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Nobility

Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy.

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Oresteia

The Oresteia (Ὀρέστεια) is a trilogy of Greek tragedies written by Aeschylus in the 5th century BCE, concerning the murder of Agamemnon by Clytemnestra, the murder of Clytemnestra by Orestes, the trial of Orestes, the end of the curse on the House of Atreus and the pacification of the Furies (also called Erinyes or Eumenides).

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Pavel Annenkov

Pavel Vasilyevich Annenkov (Па́вел Васи́льевич А́нненков) (July 1, 1813 – March 20, 1887) was a significant literary critic and memoirist from Russian Empire.

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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French socialist,Landauer, Carl; Landauer, Hilde Stein; Valkenier, Elizabeth Kridl (1979).

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Primitive communism

Primitive communism is a way of describing the gift economies of hunter-gatherers throughout history, where resources and property hunted or gathered are shared with all members of a group in accordance with individual needs. Mode of production and Primitive communism are Marxist terminology and Marxist theory.

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Private property

Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities.

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Productive forces

Productive forces, productive powers, or forces of production (German: Produktivkräfte) is a central idea in Marxism and historical materialism. Mode of production and productive forces are Marxist theory.

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Profit motive

In economics, the profit motive is the motivation of firms that operate so as to maximize their profits.

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Proletariat

The proletariat is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). Mode of production and proletariat are Marxist theory.

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Property

Property is a system of rights that gives people legal control of valuable things, and also refers to the valuable things themselves.

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R. H. Tawney

Richard Henry Tawney (30 November 1880 – 16 January 1962) was an English economic historian, social critic, ethical socialist,Noel W. Thompson.

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Relations of production

Relations of production (Produktionsverhältnisse) is a concept frequently used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their theory of historical materialism and in Das Kapital. Mode of production and Relations of production are Marxist theory.

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Religion

Religion is a range of social-cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.

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Reproduction (economics)

In Marxian economics, economic reproduction refers to recurrent (or cyclical) processes. Mode of production and reproduction (economics) are Marxian economics.

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Robert Fagles

Robert Fagles (September 11, 1933 – March 26, 2008) was an American translator, poet, and academic.

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Rural area

In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.

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Scottish Enlightenment

The Scottish Enlightenment (Scots Enlichtenment, Soillseachadh na h-Alba) was the period in 18th- and early-19th-century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments.

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Serfdom

Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems.

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Sexism

Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender.

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Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.

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Slavery in ancient Greece

Slavery was a widely accepted practice in ancient Greece, as it was in contemporaneous societies.

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A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the working class, middle class, and upper class. Mode of production and social class are Sociological terminology.

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A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups.

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Social revolutions are sudden changes in the structure and nature of society.

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In sociology, a social system is the patterned network of relationships constituting a coherent whole that exist between individuals, groups, and institutions. Mode of production and social system are Sociological terminology.

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The socialist mode of production, or simply (Marxist) socialism or communism as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels used the terms communism and socialism interchangeably, is a specific historical phase of economic development and its corresponding set of social relations that emerge from capitalism in the schema of historical materialism within Marxist theory. Mode of production and socialist mode of production are Marxian economics.

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State (polity)

A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a territory.

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Surplus labour

Surplus labour (Mehrarbeit) is a concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. Mode of production and Surplus labour are Marxian economics.

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Surplus value

In Marxian economics, surplus value is the difference between the amount raised through a sale of a product and the amount it cost to manufacture it: i.e. the amount raised through sale of the product minus the cost of the materials, plant and labour power. Mode of production and surplus value are Marxian economics.

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Terry Eagleton

Terence Francis Eagleton (born 22 February 1943) is an English philosopher, literary theorist, critic, and public intellectual.

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The Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto (Das Kommunistische Manifest), originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party (label), is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848. Mode of production and the Communist Manifesto are historical materialism.

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Theocracy

Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government's daily affairs.

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Utilitarianism

In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals.

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Wage labour

Wage labour (also wage labor in American English), usually referred to as paid work, paid employment, or paid labour, refers to the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker sells their labour power under a formal or informal employment contract. Mode of production and wage labour are Marxian economics.

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Wage slavery

Wage slavery is a term used to criticize exploitation of labor by business, by keeping wages low or stagnant in order to maximize profits. Mode of production and wage slavery are Marxist terminology.

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Working class

The working class is a subset of employees who are compensated with wage or salary-based contracts, whose exact membership varies from definition to definition.

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Yuval Noah Harari

Yuval Noah Harari (יובל נח הררי; born 1976) is an Israeli medievalist, military historian, public intellectual, and writer.

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See also

Historical materialism

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_production

Also known as Modes of production, Produktionsweise.

, Hunter-gatherer, Idealism, Ideology, Imperialism, J. W. Burrow, John Haldon, Joseph Stalin, Karl Marx, Labour power, Laws (dialogue), Left communism, Liberal democracy, Market (economics), Market economy, Marx's theory of alienation, Marxism–Leninism, Materialism, Max Weber, Means of production, Mercantilism, Michael Perelman (economist), Michel Foucault, Money, Nation state, Nationality, Negation, Neolithic, Neolithic Revolution, Nobility, Oresteia, Pavel Annenkov, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Primitive communism, Private property, Productive forces, Profit motive, Proletariat, Property, R. H. Tawney, Relations of production, Religion, Reproduction (economics), Robert Fagles, Rural area, Scottish Enlightenment, Serfdom, Sexism, Slavery, Slavery in ancient Greece, Social class, Social relation, Social revolution, Social system, Socialist mode of production, State (polity), Surplus labour, Surplus value, Terry Eagleton, The Communist Manifesto, Theocracy, Utilitarianism, Wage labour, Wage slavery, Working class, Yuval Noah Harari.