Mold, the Glossary
A mold or mould is one of the structures that certain fungi can form.[1]
Table of Contents
138 relations: Acremonium, Aflatoxin, Alexander Fleming, Alternaria, American Chemical Society, American English, Antibiotic, Ascomycota, Aspergillus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sojae, Biodegradation, Biopolymer, Blue cheese, Brie, British English, Cambridge University Press, Cell nucleus, Cellulose, Cheese, Cholesterol, Ciclosporin, Citrinin, Cladosporium, Clementine, Clostridium, Colony (biology), Conidium, Cytoplasm, Decomposition, Ecosystem, Edward Abraham, English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Enzyme, Ernst Chain, Fifty Shades of Grey (film), Food preservation, Fumonisin, Fungi imperfecti, Fungus, Fusarium, Fusarium venenatum, Genus, Geotrichum candidum, Gift card, Heterotroph, Howard Florey, Hydrophobe, Hypha, Indoor mold, ... Expand index (88 more) »
- Fungus common names
Acremonium
Acremonium is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae.
Aflatoxin
Aflatoxins are various poisonous carcinogens and mutagens that are produced by certain molds, particularly Aspergillus species mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.
Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin.
See Mold and Alexander Fleming
Alternaria
Alternaria is a genus of Deuteromycetes fungi.
American Chemical Society
The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry.
See Mold and American Chemical Society
American English
American English (AmE), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States.
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya.
Aspergillus
Aspergillus is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.
Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus oryzae is a mold used in East Asia to saccharify rice, sweet potato, and barley in the making of alcoholic beverages such as sake and shōchū, and also to ferment soybeans for making soy sauce and miso.
See Mold and Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus sojae
Aspergillus sojae is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus.
See Mold and Aspergillus sojae
Biodegradation
Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
Biopolymer
Biopolymers are natural polymers produced by the cells of living organisms.
Blue cheese
Blue cheese is any of a wide range of cheeses made with the addition of cultures of edible molds, which create blue-green spots or veins through the cheese.
Brie
Brie is a soft cow's-milk cheese named after Brie (itself from Gaulish briga ("hill, height")), the French region from which it originated (roughly corresponding to the modern département of Seine-et-Marne).
See Mold and Brie
British English
British English is the set of varieties of the English language native to the island of Great Britain.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Mold and Cambridge University Press
Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
Cheese
Cheese is a dairy product produced in a range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.
See Mold and Cheese
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Ciclosporin
Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is a calcineurin inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant medication.
Citrinin
Citrinin is a mycotoxin which is often found in food. It is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates long-stored food and it can cause a variety of toxic effects, including kidney, liver and cell damage. Citrinin is mainly found in stored grains, but sometimes also in fruits and other plant products.
Cladosporium
Cladosporium is a genus of fungi including some of the most common indoor and outdoor molds.
Clementine
A clementine (Citrus × clementina) is a tangor, a citrus fruit hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange (''C.'' × ''deliciosa'') and a sweet orange (C. × sinensis), named in honor of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who first discovered and propagated the cultivar in Algeria.
Clostridium
Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria.
Colony (biology)
In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another.
Conidium
A conidium (conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (chlamydoconidia), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus.
Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.
Decomposition
Decomposition or rot is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars and mineral salts.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
Edward Abraham
Sir Edward Penley Abraham, (10 June 1913 – 8 May 1999) was an English biochemist instrumental in the development of the first antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin.
English in the Commonwealth of Nations
The use of the English language in current and former member countries of the Commonwealth of Nations was largely inherited from British colonisation, with some exceptions.
See Mold and English in the Commonwealth of Nations
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
See Mold and Enzyme
Ernst Chain
Sir Ernst Boris Chain (19 June 1906 – 12 August 1979) was a German-born British biochemist and co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin.
Fifty Shades of Grey (film)
Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson from a screenplay by Kelly Marcel.
See Mold and Fifty Shades of Grey (film)
Food preservation
Food preservation includes processes that make food more resistant to microorganism growth and slow the oxidation of fats.
See Mold and Food preservation
Fumonisin
The fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins derived from Fusarium and their Liseola section.
Fungi imperfecti
The fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi are fungi which do not fit into the commonly established taxonomic classifications of fungi that are based on biological species concepts or morphological characteristics of sexual structures because their sexual form of reproduction has never been observed. Mold and fungi imperfecti are fungus common names.
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
See Mold and Fungus
Fusarium
Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants.
Fusarium venenatum
Fusarium venenatum is a microfungus of the genus Fusarium that has a high protein content.
See Mold and Fusarium venenatum
Genus
Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.
See Mold and Genus
Geotrichum candidum
Geotrichum candidum is a fungus which is a member of the human microbiome, notably associated with skin, sputum, and faeces where it occurs in 25–30% of specimens.
See Mold and Geotrichum candidum
Gift card
A gift card, also known as a gift certificate in North America, or gift voucher or gift token in the UK, is a prepaid stored-value money card, usually issued by a retailer or bank, to be used as an alternative to cash for purchases within a particular store or related businesses.
Heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
Howard Florey
Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 1898 – 21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin.
Hydrophobe
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe).
Hypha
A hypha (hyphae) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium.
See Mold and Hypha
Indoor mold
Indoor mold (American English) or indoor mould (British English), also sometimes referred to as mildew, is a fungal growth that develops on wet materials in interior spaces.
Jiuniang
Jiuniang is a sweet, soup- or pudding-like dish in Chinese cuisine.
Jiuqu
Jiuqu, also simply known as qu is a type of dried fermentation starter used in the production of traditional Chinese alcoholic beverages.
See Mold and Jiuqu
Katsuobushi
is simmered, smoked and fermented skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis, sometimes referred to as bonito).
Kōji (food)
Kōji (ニホンコウジカビ, 日本麹黴, ‘nihon kōji kabi’) refers to various molds of the genus Aspergillus sp., which are traditionally used in East Asian cuisine for the fermentation of food.
Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants.
See Mold and Lignin
Lovastatin
Lovastatin, sold under the brand name Mevacor among others, is a statin medication, to treat high blood cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Lysis
Lysis is the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.
See Mold and Lysis
Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit American academic medical center focused on integrated health care, education, and research.
Meiosis
Meiosis ((since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid).
See Mold and Meiosis
Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from.
Microfungi
Microfungi or micromycetes are fungi—eukaryotic organisms such as molds, mildews and rusts—which have microscopic spore-producing structures.
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
Mijiu
Mijiu, also spelt michiu, is a Chinese rice wine made from glutinous rice.
See Mold and Mijiu
Miso
is a traditional Japanese seasoning.
See Mold and Miso
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
See Mold and Mitosis
Mold health issues
Mold health issues refer to the harmful health effects of molds ("moulds" in British English) and their mycotoxins.
See Mold and Mold health issues
Monacolin
Monacolins are a group of compounds found in yeast species.
Monascus purpureus
Monascus purpureus (syn. M. albidus, M. anka, M. araneosus, M. major, M. rubiginosus, and M. vini;, lit. "red yeast") is a species of mold that is purplish-red in color.
See Mold and Monascus purpureus
Mucor
Mucor is a microbial genus of approximately 40 species of molds in the family Mucoraceae.
See Mold and Mucor
Multinucleate
Multinucleate cells (also known as multinucleated cells or polynuclear cells) are eukaryotic cells that have more than one nucleus, i.e., multiple nuclei share one common cytoplasm.
Mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. Mold and mushroom are fungus common names.
Mycelium
Mycelium (mycelia) is a root-like structure of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae.
Mycena haematopus
Mycena haematopus, commonly known as the bleeding fairy helmet, the burgundydrop bonnet, or the bleeding Mycena, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae, of the order Agaricales.
See Mold and Mycena haematopus
Mycotoxin
A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης, "fungus" and τοξικός, "poisonous") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals.
Neurospora sitophila
Neurospora sitophila is a species of fungus also known as red bread fungus or orange bread fungus.
See Mold and Neurospora sitophila
Norman Heatley
Norman George Heatley OBE (10January 19115January 2004) was an English biologist and biochemist.
Nowhere Boy
Nowhere Boy is a 2009 British biographical drama film, directed by Sam Taylor-Wood in her directorial debut.
NPR
National Public Radio (NPR, stylized as npr) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California.
See Mold and NPR
Ochratoxin
Ochratoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by some Aspergillus species (mainly ''A. ochraceus'' and A. carbonarius, but also by 33% of ''A. niger'' industrial strains) and some Penicillium species, especially P. verrucosum.
Oncom
Oncom (IPA) is one of the traditional staple foods of the Sundanese cuisine of Indonesia.
See Mold and Oncom
Oomycete
The Oomycetes, or Oomycota, form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms within the Stramenopiles.
Opportunistic infection
An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available.
See Mold and Opportunistic infection
Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and -γενής, "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease.
Patulin
Patulin is an organic compound classified as a polyketide.
See Mold and Patulin
Peach
The peach (Prunus persica) is a deciduous tree first domesticated and cultivated in Zhejiang province of Eastern China.
See Mold and Peach
Penicillin
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens.
Penicillium
Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.
Penicillium nalgiovense
Penicillium nalgiovense is an anamorph species of the genus Penicillium with lipolytic and proteolytic activity, which was first isolated from ellischau cheese.
See Mold and Penicillium nalgiovense
Penicillium rubens
Penicillium rubens is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium and was the first species known to produce the antibiotic penicillin.
See Mold and Penicillium rubens
Petri dish
A Petri dish (alternatively known as a Petri plate or cell-culture dish) is a shallow transparent lidded dish that biologists use to hold growth medium in which cells can be cultured,R.
Philippine English
Philippine English (similar and related to American English) is a variety of English native to the Philippines, including those used by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos and English learners in the Philippines from adjacent Asian countries.
See Mold and Philippine English
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.
See Mold and Phylogenetic tree
Prentice Hall
Prentice Hall was a major American educational publisher.
Psychrophile
Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from to.
Quorn
Quorn is a brand of meat substitute products, or the company that makes them.
See Mold and Quorn
Red yeast rice
Red yeast rice, red rice koji (lit. 'red koji'), red fermented rice, red kojic rice, red koji rice, anka, or angkak, is a bright reddish purple fermented rice, which acquires its color from being cultivated with the mold Monascus purpureus.
Refrigeration
Refrigeration is any of various types of cooling of a space, substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is ejected to a place of higher temperature).
Rennet
Rennet is a complex set of enzymes produced in the stomachs of ruminant mammals.
See Mold and Rennet
Rhizomucor miehei
Rhizomucor miehei (also: Mucor miehei) is a species of fungus.
See Mold and Rhizomucor miehei
Rhizopus
Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals.
Rhizopus oligosporus
Rhizopus oligosporus is a fungus of the family Mucoraceae and is a widely used starter culture for the production of tempeh at home and industrially.
See Mold and Rhizopus oligosporus
Rhizopus oryzae
Rhizopus oryzae is a filamentous heterothallic microfungus that occurs as a saprotroph in soil, dung, and rotting vegetation.
Roselle (plant)
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a species of flowering plant in the genus Hibiscus that is native to Africa, most likely West Africa.
Sake
Sake,, or saki, also referred to as Japanese rice wine, is an alcoholic beverage of Japanese origin made by fermenting rice that has been polished to remove the bran.
See Mold and Sake
Salami
Salami is a cured sausage consisting of fermented and air-dried meat, typically pork.
See Mold and Salami
Sam Taylor-Johnson
Samantha Louise Taylor-Johnson (née Taylor-Wood; born 4 March 1967) is a British film director and artist.
See Mold and Sam Taylor-Johnson
Saprotrophic nutrition
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter.
See Mold and Saprotrophic nutrition
Sausage
A sausage is a type of meat product usually made from ground meat—often pork, beef, or poultry—along with salt, spices and other flavourings.
See Mold and Sausage
Shōchū
is a Japanese distilled beverage.
See Mold and Shōchū
Siderophore
Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
Slime mold
Slime mold or slime mould is an informal name given to a polyphyletic assemblage of unrelated eukaryotic organisms in the Stramenopiles, Rhizaria, Discoba, Amoebozoa and Holomycota clades.
Soy sauce
Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds.
Spinellus fusiger
Spinellus fusiger, commonly known as bonnet mold, is a species of fungus in the phylum Mucoromycota.
See Mold and Spinellus fusiger
Spirochaete
A spirochaete or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (also called Spirochaetes), which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) Gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells.
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
See Mold and Spore
Stachybotrys
Stachybotrys is a genus of molds, hyphomycetes or asexually reproducing, filamentous fungi, now placed in the family Stachybotryaceae.
Stachybotrys chartarum
Stachybotrys chartarum, also known as black mold is a species of microfungus that produces its conidia in slime heads.
See Mold and Stachybotrys chartarum
Stacy Levy
Stacy Levy (born 1960) is an American sculptor who works with ecological natural patterns and processes, often using water and water flows as a medium.
Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
See Mold and Starch
Statin
Statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are a class of medications that reduce illness and mortality in people who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
See Mold and Statin
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
See Mold and Taxonomy (biology)
Tempeh
Tempeh or tempe (témpé) is a traditional Indonesian food made from fermented soybeans.
See Mold and Tempeh
Thermophile
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between.
Time-lapse photography
Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence.
See Mold and Time-lapse photography
Tolypocladium inflatum
Tolypocladium inflatum is an ascomycete fungus originally isolated from a Norwegian soil sample that, under certain conditions, produces the immunosuppressant drug ciclosporin.
See Mold and Tolypocladium inflatum
Trichoderma
Trichoderma is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae that is present in all soils, where they are the most prevalent culturable fungi.
Trichophyton
Trichophyton is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp.
Trichothecene
The trichothecenes are a large family of chemically related mycotoxins.
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.
See Mold and Unicellular organism
United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an executive department of the United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally.
See Mold and United States Department of Agriculture
Water activity
Water activity (aw) is the partial vapor pressure of water in a solution divided by the standard state partial vapor pressure of water.
Xerophile
A xerophile is an extremophilic organism that can grow and reproduce in conditions with a low availability of water, also known as water activity.
Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. Mold and Yeast are fungus common names.
See Mold and Yeast
Zygomycota
Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a former division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi.
See also
Fungus common names
- Black yeast
- Blewit
- Blue stain fungi
- Bolete
- Candy cap
- Chanterelle
- Common bunt
- Dermatophyte
- Destroying angel
- Downy mildew
- Dry rot
- Elfin saddle
- False morel
- False truffle
- Fungi imperfecti
- Jelly fungus
- List of common names of lichen genera
- Meshimakobu
- Mold
- Mushroom
- Pathogenic fungus
- Polypore
- Puffball
- Script lichen
- Shaggy parasol
- Shield lichen
- Shimeji
- Smut (fungus)
- Sooty mold
- Soybean rust
- Sunburst lichen
- Truffle
- Verticillium wilt
- Yeast
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold
Also known as Bread mold, Filamentous fungi, Filamentous fungus, Mold (fungus), Moldy, Mould, Mould Spores, Mouldy, Toxic mould.
, Jiuniang, Jiuqu, Katsuobushi, Kōji (food), Lignin, Lovastatin, Lysis, Mayo Clinic, Meiosis, Mesophile, Microfungi, Microorganism, Mijiu, Miso, Mitosis, Mold health issues, Monacolin, Monascus purpureus, Mucor, Multinucleate, Mushroom, Mycelium, Mycena haematopus, Mycotoxin, Neurospora sitophila, Norman Heatley, Nowhere Boy, NPR, Ochratoxin, Oncom, Oomycete, Opportunistic infection, Organic matter, Organism, Pathogen, Patulin, Peach, Penicillin, Penicillium, Penicillium nalgiovense, Penicillium rubens, Petri dish, Philippine English, Photosynthesis, Phylogenetic tree, Prentice Hall, Psychrophile, Quorn, Red yeast rice, Refrigeration, Rennet, Rhizomucor miehei, Rhizopus, Rhizopus oligosporus, Rhizopus oryzae, Roselle (plant), Sake, Salami, Sam Taylor-Johnson, Saprotrophic nutrition, Sausage, Shōchū, Siderophore, Slime mold, Soy sauce, Spinellus fusiger, Spirochaete, Spore, Stachybotrys, Stachybotrys chartarum, Stacy Levy, Starch, Statin, Taxonomy (biology), Tempeh, Thermophile, Time-lapse photography, Tolypocladium inflatum, Trichoderma, Trichophyton, Trichothecene, Ultraviolet, Unicellular organism, United States Department of Agriculture, Water activity, Xerophile, Yeast, Zygomycota.