Molecular biology, the Glossary
Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.[1]
Table of Contents
136 relations: Agarose gel electrophoresis, Alfred Hershey, Allele, Antibody, Antimicrobial resistance, Astrobiology, Autoradiograph, Bacterial conjugation, Biochemist, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Biology, Biomolecule, Biophysics, Blot (biology), Bradford protein assay, Capillary action, Carbohydrate, CDNA library, Cell (biology), Cell biology, Central dogma of molecular biology, Chemiluminescence, Colin Munro MacLeod, Complementarity (molecular biology), Complementary DNA, Computational biology, Coomassie brilliant blue, CRISPR gene editing, Deoxyribonuclease, Developmental biology, Differential centrifugation, Digestive enzyme, DNA, DNA repair, DNA replication, DNA sequencing, Edwin Southern, Electric charge, Electroporation, Enzyme, Epistasis, Erwin Chargaff, Eukaryote, Evolutionary biology, Expression vector, Francis Crick, Franklin Stahl, Frederick Griffith, Friedrich Miescher, ... Expand index (86 more) »
- Applied geometry
Agarose gel electrophoresis
Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method of gel electrophoresis used in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and clinical chemistry to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA or proteins in a matrix of agarose, one of the two main components of agar.
See Molecular biology and Agarose gel electrophoresis
Alfred Hershey
Alfred Day Hershey (December 4, 1908 – May 22, 1997) was an American Nobel Prize–winning bacteriologist and geneticist.
See Molecular biology and Alfred Hershey
Allele
An allele, or allelomorph, is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule.
See Molecular biology and Allele
Antibody
An antibody (Ab) is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term immunoglobulin (Ig) can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous.
See Molecular biology and Antibody
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials (drugs used to treat infections).
See Molecular biology and Antimicrobial resistance
Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events.
See Molecular biology and Astrobiology
Autoradiograph
An autoradiograph is an image on an X-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance.
See Molecular biology and Autoradiograph
Bacterial conjugation
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.
See Molecular biology and Bacterial conjugation
Biochemist
Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry.
See Molecular biology and Biochemist
Biochemistry
Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
See Molecular biology and Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of science that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, especially when the data sets are large and complex.
See Molecular biology and Bioinformatics
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
See Molecular biology and Biology
Biomolecule
A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes.
See Molecular biology and Biomolecule
Biophysics
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena.
See Molecular biology and Biophysics
Blot (biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, a blot is a method of transferring large biomolecules (proteins, DNA or RNA) onto a carrier, such as a membrane composed of nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride or nylon.
See Molecular biology and Blot (biology)
Bradford protein assay
The Bradford protein assay (also known as the Coomassie protein assay) was developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976.
See Molecular biology and Bradford protein assay
Capillary action
Capillary action (sometimes called capillarity, capillary motion, capillary rise, capillary effect, or wicking) is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space in opposition to or at least without the assistance of any external forces like gravity.
See Molecular biology and Capillary action
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).
See Molecular biology and Carbohydrate
CDNA library
A cDNA library is a combination of cloned cDNA (complementary DNA) fragments inserted into a collection of host cells, which constitute some portion of the transcriptome of the organism and are stored as a "library".
See Molecular biology and CDNA library
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Molecular biology and cell (biology) are cell biology.
See Molecular biology and Cell (biology)
Cell biology
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells.
See Molecular biology and Cell biology
Central dogma of molecular biology
The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the flow of genetic information within a biological system.
See Molecular biology and Central dogma of molecular biology
Chemiluminescence
Chemiluminescence (also chemoluminescence) is the emission of light (luminescence) as the result of a chemical reaction, i.e. a chemical reaction results in a flash or glow of light.
See Molecular biology and Chemiluminescence
Colin Munro MacLeod
Colin Munro MacLeod (January 28, 1909 – February 11, 1972) was a Canadian-American geneticist.
See Molecular biology and Colin Munro MacLeod
Complementarity (molecular biology)
In molecular biology, complementarity describes a relationship between two structures each following the lock-and-key principle.
See Molecular biology and Complementarity (molecular biology)
Complementary DNA
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA that was reverse transcribed (via reverse transcriptase) from an RNA (e.g., messenger RNA or microRNA).
See Molecular biology and Complementary DNA
Computational biology
Computational biology refers to the use of data analysis, mathematical modeling and computational simulations to understand biological systems and relationships.
See Molecular biology and Computational biology
Coomassie brilliant blue
Coomassie brilliant blue is the name of two similar triphenylmethane dyes that were developed for use in the textile industry but are now commonly used for staining proteins in analytical biochemistry.
See Molecular biology and Coomassie brilliant blue
CRISPR gene editing
CRISPR gene editing (CRISPR, pronounced "crisper", refers to "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified.
See Molecular biology and CRISPR gene editing
Deoxyribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) refers to a group of glycoprotein endonucleases which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, thus degrading DNA.
See Molecular biology and Deoxyribonuclease
Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
See Molecular biology and Developmental biology
Differential centrifugation
In biochemistry and cell biology, differential centrifugation (also known as differential velocity centrifugation) is a common procedure used to separate organelles and other sub-cellular particles based on their sedimentation rate. Molecular biology and differential centrifugation are cell biology.
See Molecular biology and Differential centrifugation
Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes take part in the chemical process of digestion, which follows the mechanical process of digestion.
See Molecular biology and Digestive enzyme
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
See Molecular biology and DNA repair
DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
See Molecular biology and DNA replication
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA.
See Molecular biology and DNA sequencing
Edwin Southern
Sir Edwin Mellor Southern (born 7 June 1938) is an English Lasker Award-winning molecular biologist, Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford.
See Molecular biology and Edwin Southern
Electric charge
Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
See Molecular biology and Electric charge
Electroporation
Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.
See Molecular biology and Electroporation
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
See Molecular biology and Enzyme
Epistasis
Epistasis is a phenomenon in genetics in which the effect of a gene mutation is dependent on the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, respectively termed modifier genes.
See Molecular biology and Epistasis
Erwin Chargaff
Erwin Chargaff (11 August 1905 – 20 June 2002) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist, writer, Bucovinian Jew who emigrated to the United States during the Nazi era, and professor of biochemistry at Columbia University medical school.
See Molecular biology and Erwin Chargaff
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
See Molecular biology and Eukaryote
Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth.
See Molecular biology and Evolutionary biology
Expression vector
An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for gene expression in cells.
See Molecular biology and Expression vector
Francis Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist.
See Molecular biology and Francis Crick
Franklin Stahl
Franklin (Frank) William Stahl (born October 8, 1929) is an American molecular biologist and geneticist.
See Molecular biology and Franklin Stahl
Frederick Griffith
Frederick Griffith (1877–1941) was a British bacteriologist whose focus was the epidemiology and pathology of bacterial pneumonia.
See Molecular biology and Frederick Griffith
Friedrich Miescher
Johannes Friedrich Miescher (13 August 1844 – 26 August 1895) was a Swiss physician and biologist.
See Molecular biology and Friedrich Miescher
Gel electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of biomacromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.) and their fragments, based on their size and charge.
See Molecular biology and Gel electrophoresis
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
See Molecular biology and Gene
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Molecular biology and Gene expression
Gene expression profiling
In the field of molecular biology, gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity (the expression) of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function.
See Molecular biology and Gene expression profiling
Gene knockout
Gene knockouts (also known as gene deletion or gene inactivation) are a widely used genetic engineering technique that involves the targeted removal or inactivation of a specific gene within an organism's genome.
See Molecular biology and Gene knockout
Gene therapy
Gene therapy is a medical technology that aims to produce a therapeutic effect through the manipulation of gene expression or through altering the biological properties of living cells.
See Molecular biology and Gene therapy
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins.
See Molecular biology and Genetic code
Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (also known as genetic reshuffling) is the exchange of genetic material between different organisms which leads to production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
See Molecular biology and Genetic recombination
Genetic transformation
In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).
See Molecular biology and Genetic transformation
Genetically modified organism
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
See Molecular biology and Genetically modified organism
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
See Molecular biology and Genetics
Geniom RT Analyzer
Geniom RT Analyzer is an instrument used in molecular biology for diagnostic testing.
See Molecular biology and Geniom RT Analyzer
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
See Molecular biology and Genome
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Johann Mendel OSA (Řehoř Jan Mendel; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was an Austrian-Czech biologist, meteorologist, mathematician, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno (Brünn), Margraviate of Moravia.
See Molecular biology and Gregor Mendel
Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
See Molecular biology and Heredity
Hershey–Chase experiment
The Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase that helped to confirm that DNA is genetic material.
See Molecular biology and Hershey–Chase experiment
James Watson
James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist.
See Molecular biology and James Watson
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
See Molecular biology and Lipid
Maclyn McCarty
Maclyn McCarty (June 9, 1911 – January 2, 2005) was an American geneticist, a research scientist described in 2005 as "the last surviving member of a Manhattan scientific team that overturned medical dogma in the 1940s and became the first to demonstrate that genes were made of DNA." He had worked at Rockefeller University "for more than 60 years." 1994 marked 50 years since this work's release.
See Molecular biology and Maclyn McCarty
Marion M. Bradford
Marion Mckinley Bradford (October 28, 1946 - May 3, 2021) was an American scientist who developed and patented the Bradford protein assay, a method to quickly quantify the amount of protein in a sample.
See Molecular biology and Marion M. Bradford
Martha Chase
Martha Cowles Chase (November 30, 1927 – August 8, 2003), also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist who in 1952, with Alfred Hershey, experimentally helped to confirm that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life.
See Molecular biology and Martha Chase
Matthew Meselson
Matthew Stanley Meselson (born May 24, 1930) is a geneticist and molecular biologist currently at Harvard University, known for his demonstration, with Franklin Stahl, of semi-conservative DNA replication.
See Molecular biology and Matthew Meselson
Maurice Wilkins
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born British biophysicist and Nobel laureate whose research spanned multiple areas of physics and biophysics, contributing to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
See Molecular biology and Maurice Wilkins
Max Perutz
Max Ferdinand Perutz (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin.
See Molecular biology and Max Perutz
Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson.
See Molecular biology and Mendelian inheritance
Microinjection
Microinjection is the use of a glass micropipette to inject a liquid substance at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level.
See Molecular biology and Microinjection
Microscope slide
A microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 26 mm (3 by 1 inches) and about 1 mm thick, used to hold objects for examination under a microscope.
See Molecular biology and Microscope slide
Molecular cloning
Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms.
See Molecular biology and Molecular cloning
Molecular engineering
Molecular engineering is an emerging field of study concerned with the design and testing of molecular properties, behavior and interactions in order to assemble better materials, systems, and processes for specific functions.
See Molecular biology and Molecular engineering
Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics is a branch of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms.
See Molecular biology and Molecular genetics
Molecular medicine
Molecular medicine is a broad field, where physical, chemical, biological, bioinformatics and medical techniques are used to describe molecular structures and mechanisms, identify fundamental molecular and genetic errors of disease, and to develop molecular interventions to correct them.
See Molecular biology and Molecular medicine
Molecular modelling
Molecular modelling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules.
See Molecular biology and Molecular modelling
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
See Molecular biology and Molecule
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
The Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) is a research institute in Cambridge, England, involved in the revolution in molecular biology which occurred in the 1950–60s.
See Molecular biology and MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Multiple cloning site
A multiple cloning site (MCS), also called a polylinker, is a short segment of DNA which contains many (up to ~20) restriction sites - a standard feature of engineered plasmids.
See Molecular biology and Multiple cloning site
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
See Molecular biology and Mutation
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine.
See Molecular biology and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.
See Molecular biology and Nucleic acid
Nucleic acid double helix
In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA.
See Molecular biology and Nucleic acid double helix
Oligonucleotide
Oligonucleotides are short DNA or RNA molecules, oligomers, that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics.
See Molecular biology and Oligonucleotide
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
See Molecular biology and Organism
Oswald Avery
Oswald Theodore Avery Jr. (October 21, 1877 – February 20, 1955) was a Canadian-American physician and medical researcher.
See Molecular biology and Oswald Avery
Phenotype
In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
See Molecular biology and Phenotype
Phoebus Levene
Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene (25 February 1869 – 6 September 1940) was a Russian-born American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids.
See Molecular biology and Phoebus Levene
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms.
See Molecular biology and Phylogenetics
Plasmid
A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
See Molecular biology and Plasmid
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
See Molecular biology and Pneumonia
Polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.
See Molecular biology and Polymerase chain reaction
Polyvinylidene fluoride
Polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is a highly non-reactive thermoplastic fluoropolymer produced by the polymerization of vinylidene difluoride.
See Molecular biology and Polyvinylidene fluoride
Population
Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area.
See Molecular biology and Population
Population genetics
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.
See Molecular biology and Population genetics
Post-translational modification
In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis. Molecular biology and post-translational modification are cell biology.
See Molecular biology and Post-translational modification
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter.
See Molecular biology and Promoter (genetics)
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
See Molecular biology and Protein
Protein structure prediction
Protein structure prediction is the inference of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence—that is, the prediction of its secondary and tertiary structure from primary structure.
See Molecular biology and Protein structure prediction
Protein tertiary structure
Protein tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a protein.
See Molecular biology and Protein tertiary structure
Protein–protein interaction prediction
Protein–protein interaction prediction is a field combining bioinformatics and structural biology in an attempt to identify and catalog physical interactions between pairs or groups of proteins.
See Molecular biology and Protein–protein interaction prediction
Proteome
The proteome is the entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time.
See Molecular biology and Proteome
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR, or qPCR when used quantitatively) is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
See Molecular biology and Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Reproduction
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents.
See Molecular biology and Reproduction
Restriction enzyme
A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites.
See Molecular biology and Restriction enzyme
Restriction site
Restriction sites, or restriction recognition sites, are located on a DNA molecule containing specific (4-8 base pairs in length) sequences of nucleotides, which are recognized by restriction enzymes.
See Molecular biology and Restriction site
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
See Molecular biology and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite.
See Molecular biology and Rosalind Franklin
SDS-PAGE
SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a discontinuous electrophoretic system developed by Ulrich K. Laemmli which is commonly used as a method to separate proteins with molecular masses between 5 and 250 kDa.
See Molecular biology and SDS-PAGE
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments.
See Molecular biology and Sedimentation
Semiconservative replication
Semiconservative replication describes the mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells.
See Molecular biology and Semiconservative replication
Site-directed mutagenesis
Site-directed mutagenesis is a molecular biology method that is used to make specific and intentional mutating changes to the DNA sequence of a gene and any gene products.
See Molecular biology and Site-directed mutagenesis
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula and structure.
See Molecular biology and Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Southern blot
Southern blot is a method used for detection and quantification of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.
See Molecular biology and Southern blot
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
See Molecular biology and Species
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength.
See Molecular biology and Spectrophotometry
Stem-cell line
A stem cell line is a group of stem cells that is cultured in vitro and can be propagated indefinitely.
See Molecular biology and Stem-cell line
Strain (biology)
In biology, a strain is a genetic variant, a subtype or a culture within a biological species.
See Molecular biology and Strain (biology)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus.
See Molecular biology and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent.
See Molecular biology and Substrate (chemistry)
Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific function.
See Molecular biology and Tissue (biology)
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
See Molecular biology and Transcription (biology)
Transduction (genetics)
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector.
See Molecular biology and Transduction (genetics)
Transfection
Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells.
See Molecular biology and Transfection
Transgene
A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another.
See Molecular biology and Transgene
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, abbreviated as 2-DE or 2-D electrophoresis, is a form of gel electrophoresis commonly used to analyze proteins.
See Molecular biology and Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Viscometer
A viscometer (also called viscosimeter) is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid.
See Molecular biology and Viscometer
Western blot
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot), or western blotting, is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
See Molecular biology and Western blot
William Astbury
William Thomas Astbury FRS (25 February 1898 – 4 June 1961) was an English physicist and molecular biologist who made pioneering X-ray diffraction studies of biological molecules.
See Molecular biology and William Astbury
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
See Molecular biology and X-ray crystallography
See also
Applied geometry
- Computer-aided design
- Descriptive geometry
- Geometric data analysis
- Geometric design
- Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
- Geometric modeling
- Geometrical optics
- Molecular biology
- Second moment of area
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology
Also known as Biochemical genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Metabonomic analysis, Mol biol, Molecular Biologist, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular and Structural Biology, Molecular approach, Molecular biological, Molecular biologists, Molecular biology research, Molecular methods, Molecular research, Molecular scale biology, Molecular techniques, Molekularna biologija.
, Gel electrophoresis, Gene, Gene expression, Gene expression profiling, Gene knockout, Gene therapy, Genetic code, Genetic recombination, Genetic transformation, Genetically modified organism, Genetics, Geniom RT Analyzer, Genome, Gregor Mendel, Heredity, Hershey–Chase experiment, James Watson, Lipid, Maclyn McCarty, Marion M. Bradford, Martha Chase, Matthew Meselson, Maurice Wilkins, Max Perutz, Mendelian inheritance, Microinjection, Microscope slide, Molecular cloning, Molecular engineering, Molecular genetics, Molecular medicine, Molecular modelling, Molecule, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Multiple cloning site, Mutation, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nucleic acid, Nucleic acid double helix, Oligonucleotide, Organism, Oswald Avery, Phenotype, Phoebus Levene, Phylogenetics, Plasmid, Pneumonia, Polymerase chain reaction, Polyvinylidene fluoride, Population, Population genetics, Post-translational modification, Promoter (genetics), Protein, Protein structure prediction, Protein tertiary structure, Protein–protein interaction prediction, Proteome, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Reproduction, Restriction enzyme, Restriction site, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Rosalind Franklin, SDS-PAGE, Sedimentation, Semiconservative replication, Site-directed mutagenesis, Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Southern blot, Species, Spectrophotometry, Stem-cell line, Strain (biology), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Substrate (chemistry), Tissue (biology), Transcription (biology), Transduction (genetics), Transfection, Transgene, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Viscometer, Western blot, William Astbury, X-ray crystallography.