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Moral treatment, the Glossary

Moral treatment was an approach to mental disorder based on humane psychosocial care or moral discipline that emerged in the 18th century and came to the fore for much of the 19th century, deriving partly from psychiatry or psychology and partly from religious or moral concerns.^[1]

73 relations: Age of Enlightenment, Alleged Lunatics' Friend Society, Alternative medicine, Andrew Combe, Anti-psychiatry, Benjamin Rush, Bicêtre Hospital, Charles Darwin, Church of Scotland, Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland, Community mental health service, Deinstitutionalisation, Dorothea Dix, Dumfries, Edinburgh, Edinburgh Phrenological Society, England, Erwadi fire incident, Eugenics, George Combe, George III, Humanitarianism, Industrialisation, James Crichton-Browne, Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol, Jean-Baptiste Pussin, Johann Spurzheim, John Locke, Kirkbride Plan, Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Madness and Civilization, Massachusetts, Mental disorder, Mental health, Michel Foucault, Moral, Moral insanity, Occupational therapy, Other (philosophy), Paris, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philippe Pinel, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Plinian Society, Prognosis, Psychiatric hospital, Psychiatric survivors movement, Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychosocial, ... Expand index (23 more) »
Abnormal psychology
Ethics in psychiatry
History of mental health
Psychiatric hospitals

Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.

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Alleged Lunatics' Friend Society

The Alleged Lunatics' Friend Society was an advocacy group started by former asylum patients and their supporters in 19th-century Britain.

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Alternative medicine

Alternative medicine is any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine despite lacking biological plausibility, testability, repeatability or evidence of effectiveness.

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Andrew Combe

Andrew Combe (27 October 17979 August 1847) was a Scottish physician and phrenologist.

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Anti-psychiatry

Anti-psychiatry, sometimes spelled antipsychiatry, is a movement based on the view that psychiatric treatment is often more damaging than helpful to patients, highlighting controversies about psychiatry. Moral treatment and anti-psychiatry are ethics in psychiatry.

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Benjamin Rush

Benjamin Rush (April 19, 1813) was an American revolutionary, a Founding Father of the United States and signatory to the U.S. Declaration of Independence, and a civic leader in Philadelphia, where he was a physician, politician, social reformer, humanitarian, educator, and the founder of Dickinson College.

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Bicêtre Hospital

The Bicêtre Hospital is located in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.

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Church of Scotland

The Church of Scotland (The Kirk o Scotland; Eaglais na h-Alba) is a Presbyterian denomination of Christianity that holds the status of the national church in Scotland.

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Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland

The Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland or Lunacy Commission for Scotland were a public body established by the Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1857 to oversee asylums and the welfare of mentally ill people in Scotland.

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Community mental health services (CMHS), also known as community mental health teams (CMHT) in the United Kingdom, support or treat people with mental disorders (mental illness or mental health difficulties) in a domiciliary setting, instead of a psychiatric hospital (asylum).

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Deinstitutionalisation

Deinstitutionalisation (or deinstitutionalization) is the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability. Moral treatment and Deinstitutionalisation are history of mental health and psychiatric hospitals.

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Dorothea Dix

Dorothea Lynde Dix (April 4, 1802July 17, 1887) was an American advocate on behalf of the indigent mentally ill who, through a vigorous and sustained program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums.

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Dumfries

Dumfries (Dumfries; from Dùn Phris) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, from the Anglo-Scottish border.

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Edinburgh

Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.

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Edinburgh Phrenological Society

The Edinburgh Phrenological Society was founded in 1820 by George Combe, an Edinburgh lawyer, with his physician brother Andrew Combe.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Erwadi fire incident

The 2001 Erwadi fire incident was an incident that occurred on 6 August 2001, when 28 inmates of a faith-based mental asylum died in the fire.

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Eugenics

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population.

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George Combe

George Combe (21 October 1788 – 14 August 1858) was a Scottish lawyer and a spokesman of the phrenological movement for over 20 years.

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George III

George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820.

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Humanitarianism

Humanitarianism is an ideology centered on the value of human life, whereby humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans to reduce suffering and improve the conditions of humanity for moral, altruistic, and emotional reasons.

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Industrialisation

Industrialisation (UK) or industrialization (US) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society.

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James Crichton-Browne

Sir James Crichton-Browne MD FRS FRSE (29 November 1840 – 31 January 1938) was a leading Scottish psychiatrist, neurologist and eugenicist.

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Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol

Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (3 February 1772 – 12 December 1840) was a French psychiatrist.

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Jean-Baptiste Pussin

Jean-Baptiste Pussin (1746–1811) was a French hospital superintendent who, along with his wife and colleague Marguerite, established more humane treatment of patients with mental disorders in 19th-century France.

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Johann Spurzheim

Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (31 December 1776 – 10 November 1832) was a German physician who became one of the chief proponents of phrenology, which was developed c. 1800 by Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828).

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John Locke

John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism".

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Kirkbride Plan

The Kirkbride Plan was a system of mental asylum design advocated by American psychiatrist Thomas Story Kirkbride (1809–1883) in the mid-19th century.

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Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was the 44th Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790.

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Madness and Civilization

Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (1961)The original title was changed for the second edition of 1972 by Éditions Gallimard, revised and expanded, and replaced with the previous subtitle: "History of madness in the classical age".

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Massachusetts

Massachusetts (script), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States.

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Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Moral treatment and mental disorder are abnormal psychology.

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Mental health

Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior.

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Michel Foucault

Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 192625 June 1984) was a French historian of ideas and philosopher who also served as an author, literary critic, political activist, and teacher.

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Moral

A moral (from Latin morālis) is a message that is conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event.

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Moral insanity

Moral insanity referred to a type of mental disorder consisting of abnormal emotions and behaviours in the apparent absence of intellectual impairments, delusions, or hallucinations.

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Occupational therapy

Occupational therapy (OT) is a healthcare profession that involves the use of assessment, intervention, consultation, and coaching to develop, recover, or maintain meaningful occupations of individuals, groups, or communities.

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Other (philosophy)

Other is a term used to define another person or people as separate from oneself.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

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Pennsylvania Hospital

Pennsylvania Hospital is a private, non-profit, 515-bed teaching hospital located at 800 Spruce Street in Center City Philadelphia, The hospital was founded on May 11, 1751 by Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Bond, and was the second established public hospital (first was Bellevue) but had the first surgical ampitheatre in the United States.

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Philippe Pinel

Philippe Pinel (20 April 1745 – 25 October 1826) was a French physician, precursor of psychiatry and incidentally a zoologist.

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Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital

Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital (Hôpital universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière) is a charitable hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris.

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Plinian Society

The Plinian Society was a club at the University of Edinburgh for students interested in natural history.

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Prognosis

Prognosis (Greek: πρόγνωσις "fore-knowing, foreseeing";: prognoses) is a medical term for predicting the likelihood or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain stable over time; expectations of quality of life, such as the ability to carry out daily activities; the potential for complications and associated health issues; and the likelihood of survival (including life expectancy).

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Psychiatric hospital

Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental health hospitals, or behavioral health hospitals are hospitals or wards specializing in the treatment of severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, major depressive disorder, and others. Moral treatment and Psychiatric hospital are psychiatric hospitals.

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Psychiatric survivors movement

The psychiatric survivors movement (more broadly consumer/survivor/ex-patient movement) is a diverse association of individuals who either currently access mental health services (known as consumers or service users), or who have experienced interventions by psychiatry that were unhelpful, harmful, abusive, or illegal.

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Psychiatry

Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of deleterious mental conditions.

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Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

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The psychosocial approach looks at individuals in the context of the combined influence that psychological factors and the surrounding social environment have on their physical and mental wellness and their ability to function.

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Quakers

Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations.

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Recovery model

The recovery model, recovery approach or psychological recovery is an approach to mental disorder or substance dependence that emphasizes and supports a person's potential for recovery.

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Religion

Religion is a range of social-cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.

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Robert Edmond Grant

Robert Edmond Grant MD FRCPEd FRS FRSE FZS FGS (11 November 1793 – 23 August 1874) was a British anatomist and zoologist.

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Robert Whytt

Robert Whytt (1714–1766) was a Scottish physician.

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Royal Medical Society

The Royal Medical Society (RMS) is a society run by students at the University of Edinburgh Medical School, Scotland.

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Samuel Tuke (reformer)

Samuel Tuke (31 July 1784 – 14 October 1857) was a Quaker philanthropist and mental-health reformer.

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A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the working class, middle class, and upper class.

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Solitary confinement

Solitary confinement is a form of imprisonment in which an incarcerated person lives in a single cell with little or no contact with other people.

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Soteria (psychiatric treatment)

The Soteria model is a milieu-therapeutic approach developed to treat acute schizophrenia, usually implemented in Soteria houses.

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State hospital

A state hospital is a hospital funded and operated by the government of a state. Moral treatment and state hospital are psychiatric hospitals.

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Sunday school

A Sunday school is an educational institution, usually Christian in character and intended for children or neophytes.

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Sunnyside Royal Hospital

Sunnyside Royal Hospital was a psychiatric hospital located in Hillside, north of Montrose, Scotland.

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Testimony of equality

A testimony of equality is an act, usage, or course of conduct by a member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) tending to assert or promote equality of persons, arising from the Friends' belief that all people are equal in the eyes of God.

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The Crichton

The Crichton is an institutional campus in Dumfries in southwest Scotland.

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The Retreat

The Retreat, commonly known as the York Retreat, is a place in England for the treatment of people with mental health needs.

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Therapeutic community is a participative, group-based approach to long-term mental illness, personality disorders and drug addiction.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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Vincenzo Chiarugi

Vincenzo Chiarugi (1759–1820) was an Italian physician who helped introduce humanitarian reforms to the psychiatric hospital care of people with mental disorders.

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William A. F. Browne

Dr William Alexander Francis Browne (1805–1885) was one of the most significant British asylum doctors of the nineteenth century.

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William Battie

William Battie (sometimes spelt Batty) 1 September 1703 – 13 June 1776) was an English physician who published in 1758 the first lengthy book on the treatment of mental illness, A Treatise on Madness, and by extending methods of treatment to the poor as well as the affluent, helped raise psychiatry to a respectable specialty.

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William Cullen

William Cullen (15 April 17105 February 1790) was a Scottish physician, chemist and agriculturalist, and professor at the Edinburgh Medical School.

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William Tuke

William Tuke (24 March 1732 – 6 December 1822), an English tradesman, philanthropist and Quaker, earned fame for promoting more humane custody and care for people with mental disorders, using what he called gentler methods that came to be known as moral treatment.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_treatment

Also known as Moral management, Moral therapy.

, Quakers, Recovery model, Religion, Robert Edmond Grant, Robert Whytt, Royal Medical Society, Samuel Tuke (reformer), Social class, Solitary confinement, Soteria (psychiatric treatment), State hospital, Sunday school, Sunnyside Royal Hospital, Testimony of equality, The Crichton, The Retreat, Therapeutic community, United States, Vincenzo Chiarugi, William A. F. Browne, William Battie, William Cullen, William Tuke.

Moral treatment, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Abnormal psychology

Ethics in psychiatry

History of mental health

Psychiatric hospitals

References