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Mount Elbrus, the Glossary

152 relations: Acclimatization, Adolf Hitler, Aerial tramway, Akke Rahman, Alborz, All-terrain vehicle, Anatoli Boukreev, Anatolia, Andrzej Bargiel, Anno Domini, Arabian Plate, Arrian, Artur Hajzer, Augusta, Maine, Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, Avestan, Baksan (river), Baksan (town), Balkars, Battle of the Caucasus, Black Sea, Boise, Idaho, Caspian Sea, Caucasus, Caucasus Mountains, Central Intelligence Agency, Chairlift, Circassians, Conifer cone, Court-martial, COVID-19, Crevasse, Denis Urubko, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Douglas Freshfield, Edward Arnold (publisher), Encyclopædia Iranica, Etymology, Eurasia, Eurasian Plate, Europe, European route E50, Federal subjects of Russia, Flag of Nazi Germany, Florence Crauford Grove, Fumarole, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Gebirgsjäger, Geochronology, Georgi Emmanuel, ... Expand index (102 more) »
Climbing areas of Russia
Extreme points of Russia
Five-thousanders of the Caucasus
Highest points of Russian federal subjects
Mountains of Kabardino-Balkaria
Mountains of Karachay-Cherkessia
Seven Summits
Stratovolcanoes of the Caucasus
Volcanic Seven Summits
Volcanoes of Russia

Acclimatization

Acclimatization or acclimatisation (also called acclimation or acclimatation) is the process in which an individual organism adjusts to a change in its environment (such as a change in altitude, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, or pH), allowing it to maintain fitness across a range of environmental conditions.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

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Aerial tramway

An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, aerial cablecar, aerial cableway, telepherique, or seilbahn is a type of aerial lift which uses one or two stationary ropes for support while a third moving rope provides propulsion.

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Akke Rahman

Aklakur Rahman (আখলাকুর রহমান), better known as Akke Rahman, is a British Bangladeshi mountaineer.

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Alborz

The Alborz (البرز) range, also spelled as Alburz, Elburz or Elborz, is a mountain range in northern Iran that stretches from the border of Azerbaijan along the western and entire southern coast of the Caspian Sea and finally runs northeast and merges into the smaller Aladagh Mountains and borders in the northeast on the parallel mountain ridge Kopet Dag in the northern parts of Khorasan.

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All-terrain vehicle

An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a light utility vehicle (LUV), a quad bike or quad (if it has four wheels), as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, has a seat that is straddled by the operator, and has handlebars.

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Anatoli Boukreev

Anatoli Nikolaevich Boukreev (Анато́лий Никола́евич Букре́ев; January 16, 1958 – December 25, 1997) was a Soviet and Kazakh mountaineer who made ascents of 10 of the 14 eight-thousander peaks—those above —without supplemental oxygen.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.

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Andrzej Bargiel

Andrzej Leszek Bargiel (born April 18, 1988, in Rabka, Poland) is a Polish ski mountaineer, backcountry skier, mountain runner and climber.

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Anno Domini

The terms anno Domini. (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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Arabian Plate

The Arabian Plate is a minor tectonic plate in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres.

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Arrian

Arrian of Nicomedia (Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Lucius Flavius Arrianus) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.

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Artur Hajzer

Artur Henryk "Słon” Hajzer (28 June 1962 – 7 July 2013) was a Polish mountaineer.

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Augusta, Maine

Augusta is the capital of the U.S. state of Maine and the county seat of and most populous city in Kennebec County.

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An Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR, avtonomnaya sovetskaya sotsialisticheskaya respublika) was a type of administrative unit in the Soviet Union (USSR), created for certain ethnic groups to be the titular nations of.

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Avestan

Avestan is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages, Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd to 1st millennium BC) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BC).

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Baksan (river)

The Baksan is a river in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia.

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Baksan (town)

Baksan (Бакса́н; Бэхъсэн) is a town in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia, located northwest of Nalchik on the left bank of the Baksan River (Terek's basin).

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Balkars

Balkars (Malqarlıla or Таулула, Tawlula, 'Mountaineers') are a Turkic ethnic group in the North Caucasus region, one of the titular populations of Kabardino-Balkaria.

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Battle of the Caucasus

The Battle of the Caucasus was a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus as part of the Eastern Front of World War II.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Boise, Idaho

Boise (also) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Idaho and is the county seat of Ada County.

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Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.

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Caucasus Mountains

The Caucasus Mountains is a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Chairlift

An elevated passenger ropeway, or chairlift, is a type of aerial lift, which consists of a continuously circulating steel wire rope loop strung between two end terminals and usually over intermediate towers, carrying a series of chairs.

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Circassians

The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe and Adygekher) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus.

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Conifer cone

A conifer cone or pinecone (strobilus,: strobili in formal botanical usage) is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants.

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Court-martial

A court-martial or court martial (plural courts-martial or courts martial, as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court.

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COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

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Crevasse

A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet.

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Denis Urubko

Denis Urubko (Дени́с Ви́кторович Уру́бко; 29 July 1973) is a Russian-Polish climber.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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Douglas Freshfield

Douglas William Freshfield (27 April 1845 – 9 February 1934) was a British lawyer, mountaineer and author, who edited the Alpine Journal from 1872 to 1880.

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Edward Arnold (publisher)

Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd was a British publishing house with its head office in London.

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Encyclopædia Iranica

Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.

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Etymology

Etymology (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the scientific study of words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".) is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of a word's semantic meaning across time, including its constituent morphemes and phonemes.

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Eurasia

Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.

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Eurasian Plate

The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia), with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian subcontinent and the area east of the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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European route E50

European route E 50 is an A-type east–west connection across the European continent.

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Federal subjects of Russia

The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (subyekty federatsii), are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions.

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Flag of Nazi Germany

The flag of Nazi Germany, officially the flag of the German Reich, featured a red background with a black swastika on a white disc.

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Florence Crauford Grove

Florence Crauford Grove (12 March 1838 – 17 August 1902) was an English mountaineer and author, sometimes known as F. Crauford Grove.

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Fumarole

A fumarole (or fumerole) is a vent in the surface of the Earth or another rocky planet from which hot volcanic gases and vapors are emitted, without any accompanying liquids or solids.

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G. P. Putnam's Sons

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Gebirgsjäger

Gebirgsjäger are the light infantry part of the alpine or mountain troops (Gebirgstruppe) of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

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Geochronology

Geochronology is the science of determining the age of rocks, fossils, and sediments using signatures inherent in the rocks themselves.

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Georgi Emmanuel

Count Georgi Arsenyevich Emmanuel (Russian: Георгий Арсеньевич Эммануэль) (13 April 1775–26 January 1837) was a Russian general of Serbian origin who participated in the Napoleonic Wars.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Georgia, the Georgian SSR, or simply Georgia, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its second occupation (by Russia) in 1921 to its independence in 1991.

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Global Volcanism Program

The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history over the past 10,000 years.

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Greater Caucasus

The Greater Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains.

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Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology.

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Guinness World Records

Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a British reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world.

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Hara Berezaiti

Hara Berezaiti (lit) is a mythical mountain or mountain range in Zoroastrian tradition.

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Hephaestus

Hephaestus (eight spellings; Hḗphaistos) is the Greek god of artisans, blacksmiths, carpenters, craftsmen, fire, metallurgy, metalworking, sculpture and volcanoes.

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Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.

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Horace Walker

Horace Walker (1838–1908) was an English mountaineer who made many notable first ascents, including Mount Elbrus and the Grandes Jorasses.

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Hot spring

A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth.

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Hubert Lanz

Karl Hubert Lanz (22 May 1896 – 15 August 1982) was a German general during the Second World War, in which he led units in the Eastern Front and in the Balkans.

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Humid continental climate

A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) and snowy winters.

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Humid subtropical climate

A humid subtropical climate is a temperate climate type characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters.

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Ice cap climate

An ice cap climate is a polar climate where no mean monthly temperature exceeds.

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Ignimbrite

Ignimbrite is a type of volcanic rock, consisting of hardened tuff.

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Imperial Russian Army

The Imperial Russian Army or Russian Imperial Army (Rússkaya imperátorskaya ármiya) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.

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Insurgency in the North Caucasus

In late 1999, Russia's Premier, Vladimir Putin, ordered military, police and security forces to enter the breakaway region of Chechnya.

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International Skyrunning Federation

The International Skyrunning Federation (ISF) is the world governing body for skyrunning.

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Intourist

Intourist (Интурист, a contraction of иностранный турист, "foreign tourist") was a Soviet then Russian tour operator, headquartered in Moscow.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Kabardino-Balkaria

Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), officially the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus.

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Karachay horse

The Karachay (Karach.-Balk. Къарачай ат) is developed in the Northern Caucasus.

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Karachay-Cherkessia

Karachay-Cherkessia (Karachayevo-Cherkesiya), officially the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus.

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Karachays

The Karachays or Karachai (Qaraçaylıla or таулула, tawlula, 'Mountaineers') are an indigenous North Caucasian-Turkic ethnic group native to the North Caucasus.

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Karl Egloff

Karl Egloff (born March 16, 1981, Ecuador) is a Swiss-Ecuadorian athlete, mountaineer, cyclist and mountain guide, best known for his speed ascents of high mountains, including the Seven Summits.

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Kislovodsk

Kislovodsk (Кислово́дск;; Ачысуу) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai, in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas.

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Komsomol

The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union.

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Kuban (river)

The Kuban is a river in Russia that flows through the Western Caucasus and drains into the Sea of Azov.

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Kurdish language

Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria.

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Land Rover Defender

The Land Rover Defender (initially introduced as the Land Rover 110 / One Ten, and in 1984 joined by the Land Rover 90 / Ninety, plus the new, extra-length Land Rover 127 in 1985) is a series of British off-road cars and pickup trucks.

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Lateral Range

The Lateral Range is a mountain range in the Russian Federation and Georgia, with a very small part in Azerbaijan.

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Latinisation of names

Latinisation (or Latinization) of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation, is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a modern Latin style.

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Lava

Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface.

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Lava dome

In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular, mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.

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List of elevation extremes by country

The following sortable table lists land surface elevation extremes by country or dependent territory.

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List of highest mountains on Earth

There are at least 108 mountains on Earth with elevations of or greater above sea level.

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List of highest points of Russian federal subjects

This is a list of the highest points of the Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation. Mount Elbrus and list of highest points of Russian federal subjects are highest points of Russian federal subjects.

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List of mountain peaks by prominence

This is a list of mountain peaks ordered by their topographic prominence.

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List of volcanoes in Russia

This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Russia. Mount Elbrus and list of volcanoes in Russia are volcanoes of Russia.

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Malka (river)

The Malka, also known as Balyksu, is a river in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia, which forms the northwest part of the Terek basin.

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Middle Persian

Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg (Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire.

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Mountaineering

Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains.

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Nalchik

Nalchik (Нальчик; Kabardian: НалщӀэч; Нальчик) is the capital city of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan (Beslan is in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania).

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NASA Earth Observatory

NASA Earth Observatory is an online publishing outlet for NASA which was created in 1999.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nezavisimaya Gazeta

(t) is a Russian daily newspaper.

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North Caucasian Federal District

The North Caucasian Federal District (p) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a region in Europe governed by Russia.

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Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

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Observatory

An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events.

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Oceanic climate

An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.

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Oldham Evening Chronicle

The Oldham Evening Chronicle was a daily newspaper published each weekday evening.

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Ossetian language

Ossetian, commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete (iron ӕvzag southern; northern), is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Greater Caucasus.

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Outhouse

An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a toilet.

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Outside (magazine)

Outside is a magazine focused on the outdoors.

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Periplus of the Euxine Sea

The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Περίπλους τοῦ ΕὐξείνουΠόντου, Períplous toû Euxeínou Póntou, modern Greek transliteration Períplous tou Efxínou Pódou, Periplus Ponti Euxini) is a periplus or guidebook detailing the destinations visitors encounter when traveling about the shore of the Black Sea.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.

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Persian mythology

Iranian mythology, or Persian mythology in western term (اسطوره‌شناسی ایرانی), is the body of the myths originally told by ancient Persians and other Iranian peoples and a genre of ancient Persian folklore.

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Prielbrusye National Park

Prielbrusye National Park (Приэльбрусье (национальный парк)) (also, Prielbrus'e, in English, "area by Mount Elbrus") is in the area around Mount Elbrus (also called Prielbrusye in Russian), the highest mountain in Europe at 5,642 meters above sea level.

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Prometheus

In Greek mythology, Prometheus (possibly meaning "forethought")Smith,.

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Protected areas of Russia

Protected areas of Russia, (official Russian title: Особо охраняемые природные территории, literally "Specially Protected Natural Areas"), is governed by the corresponding 1995 law of the Russian Federation.

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Proto-Iranian language

Proto-Iranian or Proto-Iranic is the reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family and thus the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian, Pashto, Sogdian, Zazaki, Ossetian, Mazandarani, Kurdish, Talysh and others.

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R217 highway (Russia)

The Russian route R217, also known as the Caucasus Highway, is a trunk road that extends from Krasnodar to Chechnya and Dagestan, terminating at Russia's border with Azerbaijan.

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Republics of Russia

The republics are one type of federal subject of the Russian Federation.

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Rhyodacite

Rhyodacite is a volcanic rock intermediate in composition between dacite and rhyolite.

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Rossotrudnichestvo

The Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation or Rossotrudnichestvo is an autonomous Russian federal government agency under the jurisdiction of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Russian Geographical Society

The Russian Geographical Society (Ру́сское географи́ческое о́бщество (РГО)), or RGO, is a learned society based in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Saint Paul, Minnesota

Saint Paul (often abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County.

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Seven Summits

The Seven Summits are the highest mountains on each of the seven traditional continents.

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Ski lift

A ski lift is a mechanism for transporting skiers up a hill.

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Snowmobile

A snowmobile, also known as a snowmachine, motor sled, motor sledge, skimobile, or snow scooter, is a motorized vehicle designed for winter travel and recreation on snow.

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Southern Russia

Southern Russia or the South of Russia (p) is a colloquial term for the southernmost geographic portion of European Russia generally covering the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasian Federal District.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Stratovolcano

A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava and tephra.

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Sukhumi

Sukhumi (see also other names) is a city in a wide bay on the Black Sea's eastern coast.

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Summit

A summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it.

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Swiss people

The Swiss people (die Schweizer, les Suisses, gli Svizzeri, ils Svizzers) are the citizens of the multi-ethnic Swiss Confederation (Switzerland) regardless of ethno-cultural background or people of self-identified Swiss ancestry.

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TASS

The Russian News Agency TASS, or simply TASS, is a Russian state-owned news agency founded in 1904.

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Terrorism

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The World Factbook

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.

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Titans

In Greek mythology, the Titans (οἱ Τῑτᾶνες, hoi Tītânes, ὁ Τῑτᾱ́ν, -ήν, ho Tītân) were the pre-Olympian gods.

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Travel warning

A travel warning, travel alert, or travel advisory is an official warning statement issued by government agencies to provide information about the relative safety of travelling to or visiting one or more specific foreign countries or destinations.

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Turkic languages

The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia.

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Ultra-prominent peak

An ultra-prominent peak, or ultra for short, is a mountain summit with a topographic prominence of or more; it is also called a P1500.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.

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University of North Carolina Press

The University of North Carolina Press (or UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a not-for-profit university press associated with the University of North Carolina.

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Uranium–lead dating

Uranium–lead dating, abbreviated U–Pb dating, is one of the oldest and most refined of the radiometric dating schemes.

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Volcanic Seven Summits

The Volcanic Seven Summits are the highest volcanoes on each of the seven continents, just as the Seven Summits are the highest peaks on each of the seven continents. Mount Elbrus and Volcanic Seven Summits are seven Summits.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit

Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as VMS ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copper-zinc which are associated with and produced by volcanic-associated hydrothermal events in submarine environments.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Western Caucasus

The Western Caucasus is a western region of the North Caucasus in Southern Russia, extending from the Black Sea to Mount Elbrus.

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Wiktionary

Wiktionary (rhyming with "dictionary") is a multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary of terms (including words, phrases, proverbs, linguistic reconstructions, etc.) in all natural languages and in a number of artificial languages.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Elbrus

Also known as El'brus, Elberus, Elbrus, Elbrus Mountain, Gora Elbrus, Highest mountain in Europe, History of Mount Elbrus, Ialbuzi, Mingi Taw, Mount El'brus, Mt Elbrus, Mt. Elbrus, Эльбрус.

, Georgia (country), Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Global Volcanism Program, Greater Caucasus, Greek mythology, Guinness World Records, Hara Berezaiti, Hephaestus, Holocene, Horace Walker, Hot spring, Hubert Lanz, Humid continental climate, Humid subtropical climate, Ice cap climate, Ignimbrite, Imperial Russian Army, Indo-European languages, Insurgency in the North Caucasus, International Skyrunning Federation, Intourist, Iran, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay horse, Karachay-Cherkessia, Karachays, Karl Egloff, Kislovodsk, Komsomol, Kuban (river), Kurdish language, Land Rover Defender, Lateral Range, Latinisation of names, Lava, Lava dome, List of elevation extremes by country, List of highest mountains on Earth, List of highest points of Russian federal subjects, List of mountain peaks by prominence, List of volcanoes in Russia, Malka (river), Middle Persian, Mountaineering, Nalchik, NASA Earth Observatory, Nazi Germany, Nezavisimaya Gazeta, North Caucasian Federal District, North Caucasus, Northern Hemisphere, Observatory, Oceanic climate, Oldham Evening Chronicle, Ossetian language, Outhouse, Outside (magazine), Periplus of the Euxine Sea, Persian language, Persian mythology, Prielbrusye National Park, Prometheus, Protected areas of Russia, Proto-Iranian language, R217 highway (Russia), Republics of Russia, Rhyodacite, Rossotrudnichestvo, Russia, Russian Geographical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Seven Summits, Ski lift, Snowmobile, Southern Russia, Soviet Union, Stratovolcano, Sukhumi, Summit, Swiss people, TASS, Terrorism, The New York Times, The World Factbook, Titans, Travel warning, Turkic languages, Ultra-prominent peak, United States Department of State, University of North Carolina Press, Uranium–lead dating, Volcanic Seven Summits, Volcano, Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit, Wehrmacht, Western Caucasus, Wiktionary, Wilderness hut, World Book Encyclopedia, World War II, Zermatt, 1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht).

Mount Elbrus, the Glossary

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