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Nail biting, the Glossary

Nail biting, also known as onychophagy or onychophagia, is an oral compulsive and unhygienic habit of biting one's fingernails.^[1]

52 relations: Acetylcysteine, Adolescence, Anterior teeth, Artificial nails, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Bacteria, Behaviour therapy, Body-focused repetitive behavior, Bruxism, Clinical trial, Cuticle, Decoupling for body-focused repetitive behaviors, Denatonium, Dermatophagia, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Disease vector, DSM-5, Eating disorder, Excoriation disorder, Glutamic acid, Glutathione, Gums, Habit, Habit reversal training, Human anus, Human mouth, Impulse-control disorder, Infection, Malocclusion, Mental disorder, Morsicatio buccarum, Nail (anatomy), Nail polish, Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Onychotillomania, Oppositional defiant disorder, Parafunctional activity, Paronychia, Pediatrics, Pinworm infection, Psychiatry, Quality of life, Risk factor, Saliva, Sampling (statistics), Self-help, Separation anxiety disorder, Social stigma, Stimulus control, The International League of Dermatological Societies, ... Expand index (2 more) »
Body-focused repetitive behavior
Habit and impulse disorders
Nails (anatomy)
Neurocutaneous conditions
Pica (disorder)

Acetylcysteine

Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), not to be confused with N-Acetylcarnosine, which is also abbreviated "NAC," is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol overdose and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with chronic bronchopulmonary disorders like pneumonia and bronchitis.

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Adolescence

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood (typically corresponding to the age of majority).

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Anterior teeth

In dentistry, the term anterior teeth usually refers as a group to the incisors and canine teeth as distinguished from the posterior teeth, which are the premolars and molars.

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Artificial nails

Artificial nails, also known as fake nails, false nails, acrylic nails, nail extensions or nail enhancements, are extensions placed over fingernails as fashion accessories.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.

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Behaviour therapy

Behaviour therapy or behavioural psychotherapy is a broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviourism and/or cognitive psychology.

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Body-focused repetitive behavior

Body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) is an umbrella name for impulse control behaviors involving compulsively damaging one's physical appearance or causing physical injury. Nail biting and Body-focused repetitive behavior are conditions of the skin appendages, habit and impulse disorders and Neurocutaneous conditions.

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Bruxism

Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching.

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Clinical trial

Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that warrant further study and comparison.

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Cuticle

A cuticle, or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection.

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Decoupling for body-focused repetitive behaviors

Decoupling is a behavioral self-help intervention for body-focused and related behaviors (DSM-5) such as trichotillomania, onychophagia (nail biting), skin picking and lip-cheek biting. Nail biting and Decoupling for body-focused repetitive behaviors are body-focused repetitive behavior.

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Denatonium

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.

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Dermatophagia

Dermatophagia (from Ancient Greek δέρμα — skin and φαγεία eating) or dermatodaxia (from δήξις, biting) is a compulsion disorder of gnawing or biting one's own skin, most commonly at the fingers. Nail biting and Dermatophagia are body-focused repetitive behavior, conditions of the skin appendages, habit and impulse disorders, Neurocutaneous conditions and pica (disorder).

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; latest edition: DSM-5-TR, published in March 2022) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria.

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Disease vector

In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen such as a parasite or microbe, to another living organism.

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DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).

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Eating disorder

An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating behaviors that adversely affect a person's physical or mental health.

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Excoriation disorder

Excoriation disorder, more commonly known as dermatillomania, is a mental disorder on the obsessive–compulsive spectrum that is characterized by the repeated urge or impulse to pick at one's own skin, to the extent that either psychological or physical damage is caused. Nail biting and Excoriation disorder are body-focused repetitive behavior, conditions of the skin appendages, habit and impulse disorders and Neurocutaneous conditions.

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Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Glutathione

Glutathione (GSH) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.

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Gums

The gums or gingiva (gingivae) consist of the mucosal tissue that lies over the mandible and maxilla inside the mouth.

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Habit

A habit (or wont, as a humorous and formal term) is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously.

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Habit reversal training

Habit reversal training (HRT) is a "multicomponent behavioral treatment package originally developed to address a wide variety of repetitive behavior disorders".

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Human anus

In humans, the anus (anuses or ani; from Latin ānus, "ring", "circle") is the external opening of the rectum located inside the intergluteal cleft.

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Human mouth

In human anatomy, the mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and produces saliva.

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Impulse-control disorder

Impulse-control disorder (ICD) is a class of psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity – failure to resist a temptation, an urge, or an impulse; or having the inability to not speak on a thought.

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Infection

An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce.

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Malocclusion

In orthodontics, a malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the upper and lower dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close.

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Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

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Morsicatio buccarum

Morsicatio buccarum is a condition characterized by chronic irritation or injury to the buccal mucosa (the lining of the inside of the cheek within the mouth), caused by repetitive chewing, biting, or nibbling. Nail biting and Morsicatio buccarum are body-focused repetitive behavior.

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Nail (anatomy)

A nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits (fingers and toes) of all primates, corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. Nail biting and nail (anatomy) are nails (anatomy).

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Nail polish

Nail polish (also known as nail varnish in British English or nail enamel) is a lacquer that can be applied to the human fingernail or toenails to decorate and protect the nail plates.

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function.

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Onychotillomania

Onychotillomania is a compulsive behavior in which a person picks constantly at the nails or tries to tear them off. Nail biting and Onychotillomania are body-focused repetitive behavior, conditions of the skin appendages, habit and impulse disorders and Neurocutaneous conditions.

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Oppositional defiant disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is listed in the DSM-5 under Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and defined as "a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness".

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Parafunctional activity

A para-functional habit or parafunctional habit is the habitual exercise of a body part in a way that is other than the most common use of that body part.

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Paronychia

Paronychia is an inflammation of the skin around the nail, which can occur suddenly, when it is usually due to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, or gradually when it is commonly caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Nail biting and Paronychia are conditions of the skin appendages and nails (anatomy).

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Pediatrics

Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.

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Pinworm infection

Pinworm infection (threadworm infection in the UK), also known as enterobiasis, is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis.

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Psychiatry

Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of deleterious mental conditions.

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Quality of life

Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".

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Risk factor

In epidemiology, a risk factor or determinant is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.

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Saliva

Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.

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Sampling (statistics)

In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

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Self-help

Self-help or self-improvement is a self-directed improvement of oneself—economically, physically, intellectually, or emotionally—often with a substantial psychological basis.

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Separation anxiety disorder

Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is an anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home and/or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g., a parent, caregiver, significant other, or siblings).

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Social stigma is the disapproval of, or discrimination against, an individual or group based on perceived characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a society.

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Stimulus control

In behavioral psychology, stimulus control is a phenomenon in operant conditioning that occurs when an organism behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another way in its absence.

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The International League of Dermatological Societies

The International League of Dermatological Societies (ILDS) is a non-governmental organization that works closely with the World Health Organization.

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Trichotillomania

Trichotillomania (TTM), also known as hair-pulling disorder or compulsive hair pulling, is a mental disorder characterized by a long-term urge that results in the pulling out of one's own hair. Nail biting and Trichotillomania are body-focused repetitive behavior, conditions of the skin appendages and Neurocutaneous conditions.

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Virus

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_biting

Also known as Biting nails, Chronic onychophagia, Fingernail biting, Fingernail chewing, Nail Bitting, Nail chewing, Nail-biting, Nail-chewing, Nailbiting, Onychopagia, Onychophagia, Onychophagist, Onychophagy, Toenail biting.

, Trichotillomania, Virus.

Nail biting, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Body-focused repetitive behavior

Habit and impulse disorders

Nails (anatomy)

Neurocutaneous conditions

Pica (disorder)

References