Natural disaster, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 201 relations: Act of God, Adobe, Air burst, Animal, Anthropic, Armenia, Armero tragedy, Arson, Asphyxia, Avalanche, Ayyappan, Bastrop County, Texas, Beach evolution, Biology, Black Saturday bushfires, Blizzard, Burn pit, Cameroon, Carbon dioxide, Carrington Event, Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk meteor, Chicxulub crater, Civil defense, Climate change, Climate crisis, Coastal erosion, Coastal flooding, Cold wave, Community, CRC Press, Cumulonimbus cloud, Cumulus cloud, Cyclone, Debris, Deity, Developing country, Disability-adjusted life year, Disaster, Disaster risk reduction, Disease, Drought, Dust, Dust storm, Earth's crust, Earthquake, Ebrary, Economic analysis of climate change, Effects of climate change, Emergency management, ... Expand index (151 more) »

2. Disasters
3. Natural hazards

Act of God

In legal usage in the English-speaking world, an act of God, act of nature, or damnum fatale ("loss arising from inevitable accident") is an event caused by no direct human action (e.g. severe or extreme weather and other natural disasters) for which individual persons are not responsible and cannot be held legally liable for loss of life, injury, or property damage. Natural disaster and act of God are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Act of God

Adobe

Adobe is a building material made from earth and organic materials.

See Natural disaster and Adobe

Air burst

An air burst or airburst is the detonation of an explosive device such as an anti-personnel artillery shell or a nuclear weapon in the air instead of on contact with the ground or target.

See Natural disaster and Air burst

Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.

See Natural disaster and Animal

Anthropic

Anthropic PBC is a U.S.-based artificial intelligence (AI) startup public-benefit company, founded in 2021.

See Natural disaster and Anthropic

Armenia

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.

See Natural disaster and Armenia

Armero tragedy

The Armero tragedy (Tragedia de Armero) occurred following the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz stratovolcano in Tolima, Colombia, on November 13, 1985.

See Natural disaster and Armero tragedy

Arson

Arson is the act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property.

See Natural disaster and Arson

Asphyxia

Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing.

See Natural disaster and Asphyxia

Avalanche

An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain. Natural disaster and avalanche are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Avalanche

Ayyappan

Ayyappan, also known as Dharmasastha and Manikandan, is the Hindu deity of truth and righteousness.

See Natural disaster and Ayyappan

Bastrop County, Texas

Bastrop County is located in the U.S. state of Texas.

See Natural disaster and Bastrop County, Texas

Beach evolution

Beach evolution occurs at the shoreline where sea, lake or river water is eroding the land.

See Natural disaster and Beach evolution

Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life.

See Natural disaster and Biology

Black Saturday bushfires

The Black Saturday bushfires were a series of bushfires that either ignited or were already burning across the Australian state of Victoria on and around Saturday, 7 February 2009, and were one of Australia's all-time worst bushfire disasters.

See Natural disaster and Black Saturday bushfires

Blizzard

A blizzard is a severe snowstorm characterized by strong sustained winds and low visibility, lasting for a prolonged period of time—typically at least three or four hours.

See Natural disaster and Blizzard

Burn pit

A burn pit is an area of a United States military base in which waste is disposed of by burning.

See Natural disaster and Burn pit

Cameroon

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa.

See Natural disaster and Cameroon

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

See Natural disaster and Carbon dioxide

Carrington Event

The Carrington Event was the most intense geomagnetic storm in recorded history, peaking on 1–2 September 1859 during solar cycle 10.

See Natural disaster and Carrington Event

Chelyabinsk

Chelyabinsk is the administrative center and largest city of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.

See Natural disaster and Chelyabinsk

Chelyabinsk meteor

The Chelyabinsk meteor was a superbolide that entered Earth's atmosphere over the southern Ural region in Russia on 15 February 2013 at about 09:20 YEKT (03:20 UTC).

See Natural disaster and Chelyabinsk meteor

Chicxulub crater

The Chicxulub crater is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.

See Natural disaster and Chicxulub crater

Civil defense

Civil defense or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state (generally non-combatants) from human-made and natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Civil defense

Climate change

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

See Natural disaster and Climate change

Climate crisis

Climate crisis is a term that is used to describe global warming and climate change, and their effects.

See Natural disaster and Climate crisis

Coastal erosion

Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms.

See Natural disaster and Coastal erosion

Coastal flooding

Coastal flooding occurs when dry and low-lying land is submerged (flooded) by seawater.

See Natural disaster and Coastal flooding

Cold wave

A cold wave (known in some regions as a cold snap, cold spell or Arctic Snap) is a weather phenomenon that is distinguished by a cooling of the air. Natural disaster and cold wave are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Cold wave

A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with a shared socially significant characteristic, such as place, set of norms, culture, religion, values, customs, or identity.

See Natural disaster and Community

CRC Press

The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.

See Natural disaster and CRC Press

Cumulonimbus cloud

Cumulonimbus is a dense, towering, vertical cloud, typically forming from water vapor condensing in the lower troposphere that builds upward carried by powerful buoyant air currents.

See Natural disaster and Cumulonimbus cloud

Cumulus cloud

Cumulus clouds are clouds that have flat bases and are often described as puffy, cotton-like, or fluffy in appearance.

See Natural disaster and Cumulus cloud

Cyclone

In meteorology, a cyclone is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as viewed from above (opposite to an anticyclone).

See Natural disaster and Cyclone

Debris

Debris is rubble, wreckage, ruins, litter and discarded garbage/refuse/trash, scattered remains of something destroyed, or, as in geology, large rock fragments left by a melting glacier, etc.

See Natural disaster and Debris

Deity

A deity or god is a supernatural being considered to be sacred and worthy of worship due to having authority over the universe, nature or human life.

See Natural disaster and Deity

Developing country

A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

See Natural disaster and Developing country

Disability-adjusted life year

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death.

See Natural disaster and Disability-adjusted life year

Disaster

A disaster is an event that causes serious harm to people, buildings, economies, or the environment, and the affected community cannot handle it alone. Natural disaster and disaster are disasters.

See Natural disaster and Disaster

Disaster risk reduction

Disaster risk reduction aims to make disasters less likely to happen. Natural disaster and disaster risk reduction are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Disaster risk reduction

Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.

See Natural disaster and Disease

Drought

A drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions. Natural disaster and drought are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Drought

Dust

Dust is made of fine particles of solid matter.

See Natural disaster and Dust

Dust storm

A dust storm, also called a sandstorm, is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions.

See Natural disaster and Dust storm

Earth's crust

Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume.

See Natural disaster and Earth's crust

Earthquake

An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Natural disaster and earthquake are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Earthquake

Ebrary

ebrary (the "e" is lower case) was an online digital library which held over 100,000 scholarly e-books in 2014.

See Natural disaster and Ebrary

Economic analysis of climate change

Economic analysis of climate change is about using economic tools and models to calculate the magnitude and distribution of damages caused by climate change.

See Natural disaster and Economic analysis of climate change

Effects of climate change

Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies.

See Natural disaster and Effects of climate change

Emergency management

Emergency management (also disaster management) is a science and a system charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters.

See Natural disaster and Emergency management

Entry of women to Sabarimala

Sabarimala is a temple dedicated to Shasta, in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India.

See Natural disaster and Entry of women to Sabarimala

Environmental disaster

An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is defined as a catastrophic event regarding the natural environment that is due to human activity.

See Natural disaster and Environmental disaster

Environmental emergency

An environmental emergency is defined as a "sudden-onset disaster or accident resulting from natural, technological or human-induced factors, or a combination of these, that causes or threatens to cause severe environmental damage as well as loss of human lives and property." (UNEP/GC.22/INF/5, 13 November 2002.) Following a disaster or conflict, an environmental emergency can occur when people's health and livelihoods are at risk due to the release of hazardous and noxious substances, or because of significant damage to the ecosystem. Natural disaster and environmental emergency are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Environmental emergency

Epicenter

The epicenter, epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.

See Natural disaster and Epicenter

European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).

See Natural disaster and European Commission

Extreme weather

Extreme weather includes unexpected, unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution—the range that has been seen in the past.

See Natural disaster and Extreme weather

Farm

A farm (also called an agricultural holding) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production.

See Natural disaster and Farm

Fault (geology)

In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements.

See Natural disaster and Fault (geology)

Federal Emergency Management Agency

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS), initially created under President Jimmy Carter by Presidential Reorganization Plan No.

See Natural disaster and Federal Emergency Management Agency

Flood

A flood is an overflow of water (or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry. Natural disaster and flood are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Flood

Flood risk assessment

A flood risk assessment (FRA) is an assessment of the risk of flooding from all flooding mechanisms, the identification of flood mitigation measures and should provide advice on actions to be taken before and during a flood.

See Natural disaster and Flood risk assessment

Floods Directive

The Floods Directive (Directive 2007/60/EC) is legislation in the European Parliament on the assessment and management of flood risks.

See Natural disaster and Floods Directive

Funnel cloud

A funnel cloud is a funnel-shaped cloud of condensed water droplets, associated with a rotating column of wind and extending from the base of a cloud (usually a cumulonimbus or towering cumulus cloud) but not reaching the ground or a water surface.

See Natural disaster and Funnel cloud

Gender-based violence includes any kind of violence directed against people due to their gender or gender identification.

See Natural disaster and Gender-related violence

Geophysics

Geophysics is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis.

See Natural disaster and Geophysics

Global catastrophic risk

A global catastrophic risk or a doomsday scenario is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, even endangering or destroying modern civilization.

See Natural disaster and Global catastrophic risk

Great Blizzard of 1888

The Great Blizzard of 1888, also known as the Great Blizzard of '88 or the Great White Hurricane (March 11–14, 1888), was one of the most severe recorded blizzards in American history.

See Natural disaster and Great Blizzard of 1888

Great Hurricane of 1780

The Great Hurricane of 1780 was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record, as well as the deadliest tropical cyclone in the Western Hemisphere.

See Natural disaster and Great Hurricane of 1780

Ground blizzard

Ground blizzard refers to a weather condition where loose snow or ice on the ground is lifted and blown by strong winds.

See Natural disaster and Ground blizzard

Groundwater

Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

See Natural disaster and Groundwater

Groundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from unsustainable groundwater extraction.

See Natural disaster and Groundwater-related subsidence

Guilford Press

Guilford Press or Guilford Publications, Inc. is a New York City-based independent publisher founded in 1973 that specializes in publishing books and journals in psychology, psychiatry, the behavioral sciences, education, geography, and research methods.

See Natural disaster and Guilford Press

Hail

Hail is a form of solid precipitation.

See Natural disaster and Hail

Haiti

Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas.

See Natural disaster and Haiti

Hazard

A hazard is a potential source of harm.

See Natural disaster and Hazard

Hazard analysis

A hazard analysis is one of many methods that may be used to assess risk.

See Natural disaster and Hazard analysis

Heat wave

A heat wave or heatwave, sometimes described as extreme heat, is a period of abnormally hot weather. Natural disaster and heat wave are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Heat wave

Hindu Makkal Katchi

Hindu Makkal Katchi (HMK), literally meaning Hindu People's Party, also pronounced as Indu Makkal Katchi (IMK), is a right-wing, Hindu nationalist party in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

See Natural disaster and Hindu Makkal Katchi

Hindutva

Hindutva is a political ideology encompassing the cultural justification of Hindu nationalism and the belief in establishing Hindu hegemony within India.

See Natural disaster and Hindutva

Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

See Natural disaster and Hong Kong

Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

See Natural disaster and Human

Human impact on the environment

Human impact on the environment (or anthropogenic environmental impact) refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans.

See Natural disaster and Human impact on the environment

Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina was a devastating and deadly Category 5 Atlantic hurricane that caused 1,392 fatalities and damages estimated at $186.3 billion (2022 USD) in late August 2005, particularly in the city of New Orleans and its surrounding area.

See Natural disaster and Hurricane Katrina

Hypocenter

A hypocenter or hypocentre, also called ground zero or surface zero, is the point on the Earth's surface directly below a nuclear explosion, meteor air burst, or other mid-air explosion.

See Natural disaster and Hypocenter

Ice storm

An ice storm, also known as a glaze event or a silver storm, is a type of winter storm characterized by freezing rain.

See Natural disaster and Ice storm

Immigration

Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents.

See Natural disaster and Immigration

Impact event

An impact event is a collision between astronomical objects causing measurable effects. Natural disaster and impact event are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Impact event

Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function.

See Natural disaster and Infrastructure

Insurance

Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss in which, in exchange for a fee, a party agrees to compensate another party in the event of a certain loss, damage, or injury.

See Natural disaster and Insurance

Inversion (meteorology)

In meteorology, an inversion (or temperature inversion) is a phenomenon in which a layer of warmer air overlies cooler air.

See Natural disaster and Inversion (meteorology)

Kampala Convention

The Kampala Convention (formally, the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa) is a treaty of the African Union (AU) that addresses internal displacement caused by armed conflict, natural disasters and large-scale development projects in Africa.

See Natural disaster and Kampala Convention

Katabatic wind

A katabatic wind (named) carries high-density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity.

See Natural disaster and Katabatic wind

Lahar

A lahar (from ꦮ꧀ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.

See Natural disaster and Lahar

Lake

A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface.

See Natural disaster and Lake

Lake Monoun

Lake Monoun is a crater lake (maar) in West Province, Cameroon, that lies in the Oku Volcanic Field.

See Natural disaster and Lake Monoun

Lake Nyos

Lake Nyos is a crater lake in the Northwest Region of Cameroon, located about northwest of Yaoundé, the capital.

See Natural disaster and Lake Nyos

Lake Toba

Lake Toba (Danau Toba, Toba Batak: ᯖᯀᯬ ᯖᯬᯅ; romanized: Tao Toba) is a large natural lake in North Sumatra, Indonesia, occupying the caldera of the Toba supervolcano.The lake is located in the middle of the northern part of the island of Sumatra, with a surface elevation of about, the lake stretches from to.

See Natural disaster and Lake Toba

Land change science

Land change science refers to the interdisciplinary study of changes in climate, land use, and land cover.

See Natural disaster and Land change science

Land-use planning

Land use planning or Land-use regulation is the process of regulating the use of land by a central authority.

See Natural disaster and Land-use planning

Landslide

Landslides, also known as landslips, or rockslides, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, mudflows, shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debris flows. Natural disaster and Landslide are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Landslide

Lava

Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface.

See Natural disaster and Lava

Lightning

Lightning is a natural phenomenon formed by electrostatic discharges through the atmosphere between two electrically charged regions, either both in the atmosphere or one in the atmosphere and one on the ground, temporarily neutralizing these in a near-instantaneous release of an average of between 200 megajoules and 7 gigajoules of energy, depending on the type.

See Natural disaster and Lightning

Limnic eruption

A limnic eruption, also known as a lake overturn, is a very rare type of natural disaster in which dissolved carbon dioxide suddenly erupts from deep lake waters, forming a gas cloud capable of asphyxiating wildlife, livestock, and humans. Natural disaster and limnic eruption are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Limnic eruption

List of desalination plants in Australia

As a result of the water supply crisis during the severe 1997–2009 drought State governments around Australia began building desalination plants that purify seawater using reverse osmosis technology.

See Natural disaster and List of desalination plants in Australia

List of environmental disasters

This article is a list of environmental disasters.

See Natural disaster and List of environmental disasters

List of natural disasters by death toll

A natural disaster is a sudden event that causes widespread destruction, major collateral damage, or loss of life, brought about by forces other than the acts of human beings.

See Natural disaster and List of natural disasters by death toll

List of natural phenomena

A natural phenomenon is an observable event which is not man-made.

See Natural disaster and List of natural phenomena

Lists of LGBT people

Lists of LGBT people include.

See Natural disaster and Lists of LGBT people

Low-pressure area

In meteorology, a low-pressure area, low area or low is a region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations.

See Natural disaster and Low-pressure area

March 1989 geomagnetic storm

The March 1989 geomagnetic storm occurred as part of severe to extreme solar storms during early to mid March 1989, the most notable being a geomagnetic storm that struck Earth on March 13.

See Natural disaster and March 1989 geomagnetic storm

Melbourne

Melbourne (Boonwurrung/Narrm or Naarm) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia, after Sydney.

See Natural disaster and Melbourne

Meteor shower

A meteor shower is a celestial event in which a number of meteors are observed to radiate, or originate, from one point in the night sky.

See Natural disaster and Meteor shower

Microplastics

Microplastics are fragments of any type of plastic less than in length, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the European Chemicals Agency.

See Natural disaster and Microplastics

Ministry of the Environment (Japan)

The is a Cabinet-level ministry of the government of Japan responsible for global environmental conservation, pollution control, and nature conservation.

See Natural disaster and Ministry of the Environment (Japan)

Minoan eruption

The Minoan eruption was a catastrophic volcanic eruption that devastated the Aegean island of Thera (also called Santorini) circa 1600 BCE.

See Natural disaster and Minoan eruption

Mudbrick

Mudbrick or mud-brick, also known as unfired brick, is an air-dried brick, made of a mixture of mud (containing loam, clay, sand and water) mixed with a binding material such as rice husks or straw.

See Natural disaster and Mudbrick

Munich

Munich (München) is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany.

See Natural disaster and Munich

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA) is a US scientific and regulatory agency charged with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploration, and managing fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the US exclusive economic zone.

See Natural disaster and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Weather Service

The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.

See Natural disaster and National Weather Service

Natural environment

The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.

See Natural disaster and Natural environment

Ocean

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approx.

See Natural disaster and Ocean

Pandemic

A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has a sudden increase in cases and spreads across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals.

See Natural disaster and Pandemic

Peshtigo fire

The Peshtigo fire was a large forest fire on October 8, 1871, in northeastern Wisconsin, United States, including much of the southern half of the Door Peninsula and adjacent parts of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

See Natural disaster and Peshtigo fire

Pompeii

Pompeii was an ancient city in what is now the comune (municipality) of Pompei, near Naples, in the Campania region of Italy.

See Natural disaster and Pompeii

Power outage

A power outage (also called a powercut, a power out, a power failure, a power blackout, a power loss, or a blackout) is the loss of the electrical power network supply to an end user.

See Natural disaster and Power outage

Property damage

Property damage (sometimes called damage to property), is damage or destruction of real or tangible personal property, caused by negligence, willful destruction, or an act of nature.

See Natural disaster and Property damage

Pyroclastic flow

A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of but is capable of reaching speeds up to.

See Natural disaster and Pyroclastic flow

Qingyang event

The Qingyang event was a presumed meteor shower or air burst that took place near Qingyang in March or April 1490.

See Natural disaster and Qingyang event

Return period

A return period, also known as a recurrence interval or repeat interval, is an average time or an estimated average time between events such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, or river discharge flows to occur.

See Natural disaster and Return period

Reviews of Geophysics

Reviews of Geophysics is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Geophysical Union.

See Natural disaster and Reviews of Geophysics

Risk assessment

Risk assessment determines possible mishaps, their likelihood and consequences, and the tolerances for such events.

See Natural disaster and Risk assessment

River

A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.

See Natural disaster and River

Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

See Natural disaster and Routledge

Sahrawi refugees

Sahrawi refugees refers to the refugees of the Western Sahara War (1975–1991) and their descendants, who are still mostly populating the Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf, Algeria.

See Natural disaster and Sahrawi refugees

Scapegoating

Scapegoating is the practice of singling out a person or group for unmerited blame and consequent negative treatment.

See Natural disaster and Scapegoating

Seismic risk

Seismic risk or earthquake risk is the potential impact on the built environment and on people's well-being due to future earthquakes.

See Natural disaster and Seismic risk

Seismic wave

A seismic wave is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body.

See Natural disaster and Seismic wave

Sinkhole

A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. Natural disaster and sinkhole are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Sinkhole

Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.

See Natural disaster and Social exclusion

In its broadest sense, social vulnerability is one dimension of vulnerability to multiple stressors and shocks, including abuse, social exclusion and natural hazards.

See Natural disaster and Social vulnerability

Society

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

See Natural disaster and Society

Socioeconomics

Socioeconomics (also known as social economics) is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes.

See Natural disaster and Socioeconomics

Solar irradiance

Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.

See Natural disaster and Solar irradiance

Storm

A storm is any disturbed state of the natural environment or the atmosphere of an astronomical body. Natural disaster and storm are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Storm

Styrofoam

Styrofoam is a trademarked brand of closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), manufactured to provide continuous building insulation board used in walls, roofs, and foundations as thermal insulation and as a water barrier.

See Natural disaster and Styrofoam

Sumatra

Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia.

See Natural disaster and Sumatra

Supercell

A supercell is a thunderstorm characterized by the presence of a mesocyclone, a deep, persistently rotating updraft.

See Natural disaster and Supercell

Supervolcano

A supervolcano is a volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index.

See Natural disaster and Supervolcano

Tangiwai disaster

The Tangiwai train disaster was a deadly railway accident that occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953, when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand.

See Natural disaster and Tangiwai disaster

Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States.

See Natural disaster and Texas

The Bahamas

The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean.

See Natural disaster and The Bahamas

The Economist

The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.

See Natural disaster and The Economist

The New Indian Express

The New Indian Express is an Indian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper published by the Chennai-based Express Publications.

See Natural disaster and The New Indian Express

The Quint

The Quint is an English and Hindi language Indian general news and opinion website founded by Raghav Bahl and Ritu Kapur after their exit from Network18.

See Natural disaster and The Quint

Tide

Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another.

See Natural disaster and Tide

Tindouf

Tindouf (translit) is the main town, and a commune in Tindouf Province, Algeria, close to the Mauritanian, Western Saharan and Moroccan borders.

See Natural disaster and Tindouf

Tornado

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. Natural disaster and tornado are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Tornado

Tornado outbreak

A tornado outbreak is the occurrence of multiple tornadoes spawned by the same synoptic scale weather system. Natural disaster and tornado outbreak are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Tornado outbreak

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls.

See Natural disaster and Tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclones and climate change

Climate change affects tropical cyclones in a variety of ways: an intensification of rainfall and wind speed, an increase in the frequency of very intense storms and a poleward extension of where the cyclones reach maximum intensity are among the consequences of human-induced climate change.

See Natural disaster and Tropical cyclones and climate change

Tsunami

A tsunami (from lit) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.

See Natural disaster and Tsunami

Tunguska event

The Tunguska event was a large explosion of between 3 and 50 megatons that occurred near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Yeniseysk Governorate (now Krasnoyarsk Krai), Russia, on the morning of 30 June 1908.

See Natural disaster and Tunguska event

Types of volcanic eruptions

Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists.

See Natural disaster and Types of volcanic eruptions

Typhoon

A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least.

See Natural disaster and Typhoon

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

See Natural disaster and United Nations

Urban search and rescue

Urban search and rescue (abbreviated as USAR or US&R) is a type of technical rescue operation that involves the location, extrication, and initial medical stabilization of victims trapped in an urban area, namely structural collapse due to natural disasters, war, terrorism or accidents, mines and collapsed trenches.

See Natural disaster and Urban search and rescue

Urban sprawl

Urban sprawl (also known as suburban sprawl or urban encroachment) is defined as "the spreading of urban developments (such as houses, dense multi family apartments, office buildings and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a more or less densely populated city".

See Natural disaster and Urban sprawl

Volcanic ash

Volcanic ash consists of fragments of rock, mineral crystals, and volcanic glass, produced during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches) in diameter.

See Natural disaster and Volcanic ash

Volcanic explosivity index

The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions.

See Natural disaster and Volcanic explosivity index

Volcanism

Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon.

See Natural disaster and Volcanism

Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

See Natural disaster and Volcano

Vulnerability

Vulnerability refers to "the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally." The understanding of social and environmental vulnerability, as a methodological approach, involves the analysis of the risks and assets of disadvantaged groups, such as the elderly.

See Natural disaster and Vulnerability

Waste management

Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.

See Natural disaster and Waste management

Water

Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.

See Natural disaster and Water

Weather

Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.

See Natural disaster and Weather

Wild animal suffering

Wild animal suffering is the suffering experienced by non-human animals living outside of direct human control due to harms, such as disease, injury, parasitism, starvation and malnutrition, dehydration, weather conditions, natural disasters, and killings by other animals, as well as psychological stress.

See Natural disaster and Wild animal suffering

Wilderness

Wilderness or wildlands (usually in the plural) are natural environments on Earth that have not been significantly modified by human activity, or any nonurbanized land not under extensive agricultural cultivation.

See Natural disaster and Wilderness

Wildfire

A wildfire, forest fire, or a bushfire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of combustible vegetation. Natural disaster and wildfire are natural disasters.

See Natural disaster and Wildfire

Wildlife

Wildlife refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans.

See Natural disaster and Wildlife

Wind engineering

Wind engineering is a subset of mechanical engineering, structural engineering, meteorology, and applied physics that analyzes the effects of wind in the natural and the built environment and studies the possible damage, inconvenience or benefits which may result from wind.

See Natural disaster and Wind engineering

Winter storm

A winter storm is an event in which wind coincides with varieties of precipitation that only occur at freezing temperatures, such as snow, mixed snow and rain, or freezing rain.

See Natural disaster and Winter storm

World Bank high-income economy

A high-income economy is defined by the World Bank as a country with a gross national income per capita of US$14,005 or more in 2023, calculated using the Atlas method.

See Natural disaster and World Bank high-income economy

World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

The World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction is a series of United Nations conferences focusing on disaster and climate risk management in the context of sustainable development.

See Natural disaster and World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

Worldwatch Institute

The Worldwatch Institute was a globally focused environmental research organization based in Washington, D.C., founded by Lester R. Brown.

See Natural disaster and Worldwatch Institute

Youngest Toba eruption

The Toba eruption (sometimes called the Toba supereruption or the Youngest Toba eruption) was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 74,000 years ago during the Late Pleistocene at the site of present-day Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia.

See Natural disaster and Youngest Toba eruption

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east.

See Natural disaster and Zimbabwe

1906 San Francisco earthquake

At 05:12 Pacific Standard Time on Wednesday, April 18, 1906, the coast of Northern California was struck by a major earthquake with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme).

See Natural disaster and 1906 San Francisco earthquake

1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami

The 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake occurred on PST with a moment magnitude of 7.8 to 8.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme).

See Natural disaster and 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami

1970 Bhola cyclone

The 1970 Bhola cyclone (also known as the Great Cyclone of 1970) was a devastating tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) and India's West Bengal on November 12, 1970.

See Natural disaster and 1970 Bhola cyclone

1972 Iran blizzard

The Iran blizzard of February 1972 was the deadliest blizzard in history, as recorded by the Guinness Book of Records.

See Natural disaster and 1972 Iran blizzard

1988 Armenian earthquake

The 1988 Armenian earthquake, also known as the Spitak earthquake (Spitaki yerkrasharzh), occurred on December 7 at with a surface wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum MSK intensity of X (Devastating).

See Natural disaster and 1988 Armenian earthquake

1993 Storm of the Century

The 1993 Storm of the Century (also known as the 93 Superstorm, The No Name Storm, or the Great Blizzard of '93/1993) was a cyclonic storm that formed over the Gulf of Mexico on March 12, 1993.

See Natural disaster and 1993 Storm of the Century

1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado

The 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado was a large, long-lived and exceptionally powerful F5 tornado in which the highest wind speeds ever measured globally was recorded at by a Doppler on Wheels (DOW) radar.

See Natural disaster and 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado

2000s Australian drought

The 2000s drought in Australia, also known as the millennium drought, is said by some to be the worst drought recorded since European settlement.

See Natural disaster and 2000s Australian drought

2003 European heatwave

The 2003 European heat wave saw the hottest summer recorded in Europe since at least 1540.

See Natural disaster and 2003 European heatwave

2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

On 26 December 2004, at 07:58:53 local time (UTC+7), a major earthquake with a magnitude of 9.2–9.3 struck with an epicentre off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia.

See Natural disaster and 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

2008 Afghanistan blizzard

Afghanistan Blizzard was a fierce blizzard that struck Afghanistan on 10 January 2008.

See Natural disaster and 2008 Afghanistan blizzard

2010 Haiti earthquake

The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake that struck Haiti at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.

See Natural disaster and 2010 Haiti earthquake

2010 Northern Hemisphere heat waves

The 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves included severe heat waves that impacted most of the United States, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Hong Kong, North Africa and the European continent as a whole, along with parts of Canada, Russia, Indochina, South Korea and Japan during July 29, 2010.

See Natural disaster and 2010 Northern Hemisphere heat waves

2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

On 11 March 2011, at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC), a 9.0–9.1 undersea megathrust earthquake occurred in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region.

See Natural disaster and 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

2018 Kerala floods

On 16 August 2018, severe floods affected the south Indian state Kerala, due to unusually heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.

See Natural disaster and 2018 Kerala floods

See also

Disasters

• Catastrophism
• Crash cover
• Destruction layer
• Disaster
• Disaster area
• Disaster management
• Economic collapses
• Famines
• Floods
• Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)
• Geological hazard
• List of disaster films
• Lists of disasters
• Man-made disasters
• Maritime disasters
• Natural disaster
• Natural disasters
• Neocatastrophism
• The Shock Doctrine
• Tragedy (event)

Natural hazards

• Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
• Beach advisory
• Biological hazards
• Catastrophe modeling
• Climate risk
• Coastal hazards
• Natural disaster
• Natural disasters
• Tsunamis in lakes
• Weather hazards
• Whirlpool
• Wildfires

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disaster

Also known as Examples of natural disaster, Hydrological disaster, Hydrological disasters, Meteorological disaster, Meteorological disasters, Natural Disasters, Natural Hazard, Natural Hazards, Political effects of natural disasters, Weather disasters.

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