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Nazi eugenics, the Glossary

The social policies of eugenics in Nazi Germany were composed of various ideas about genetics.^[1]

120 relations: Abortifacient, Adolf Hitler, Aktion T4, Alfred Ploetz, Annals of Internal Medicine, Aryan race, Auschwitz concentration camp, BioMed Central, Bipolar disorder, Birth control, Carbon monoxide, Cerebral palsy, Charles Goethe, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Compulsory sterilization, Decree, Dehomag, Denunciation, Deutsche Volksliste, Disabilities affecting intellectual abilities, Doctors' Trial, Dysgenics, Edwin Black, Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler, Embryo, Engagement, Epilepsy, Ernst Haeckel, Eugen Fischer, Eugenics, Eugenics in the United States, Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), Feeble-minded, Fritz Lenz, Gallaudet University, Gas chamber, Gas van, Götz Aly, Genetic disorder, German Blood Certificate, German Society for Racial Hygiene, Germans, Gleichschaltung, Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre, Hadamar, Hadamar killing centre, Hamburg, Harry H. Laughlin, Hartheim killing centre, Hearing loss, ... Expand index (70 more) »
Ableism

Abortifacient

An abortifacient ("that which will cause a miscarriage" from Latin: abortus "miscarriage" and faciens "making") is a substance that induces abortion.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

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Aktion T4

Aktion T4 (German) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. Nazi eugenics and Aktion T4 are Ableism.

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Alfred Ploetz (22 August 1860 – 20 March 1940) was a German physician, biologist, Social Darwinist, and eugenicist known for coining the term racial hygiene (Rassenhygiene), a form of eugenics, and for promoting the concept in Germany.

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Annals of Internal Medicine

Annals of Internal Medicine is an academic medical journal published by the American College of Physicians (ACP).

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Aryan race

The Aryan race is a pseudoscientific historical race concept that emerged in the late-19th century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a racial grouping.

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Auschwitz concentration camp

Auschwitz concentration camp (also KL Auschwitz or KZ Auschwitz) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust.

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BioMed Central

BioMed Central (BMC) is a United Kingdom-based, for-profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals.

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Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that each last from days to weeks.

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Birth control

Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unintended pregnancy.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air.

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Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood.

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Charles Goethe

Charles Matthias Goethe (March 28, 1875 – July 10, 1966) was an American eugenicist, entrepreneur, land developer, philanthropist, conservationist, founder of the Eugenics Society of Northern California, and a native and lifelong resident of Sacramento, California.

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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a private, non-profit institution with research programs focusing on cancer, neuroscience, plant biology, genomics, and quantitative biology.

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Compulsory sterilization

Compulsory sterilization, also known as forced or coerced sterilization, refers to any government-mandated program to involuntarily sterilize a specific group of people.

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Decree

A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, royal figure, or other relevant authorities, according to certain procedures.

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Dehomag

Dehomag was a German subsidiary of IBM and later a standalone company with a monopoly in the German market before and during World War II.

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Denunciation

Denunciation (from Latin denuntiare, "to denounce") is the act of publicly assigning to a person the blame for a perceived wrongdoing, with the hope of bringing attention to it.

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Deutsche Volksliste

The Deutsche Volksliste (German People's List), a Nazi Party institution, aimed to classify inhabitants of Nazi-occupied territories (1939–1945) into categories of desirability according to criteria systematised by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler.

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Disabilities affecting intellectual abilities

There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.

See Nazi eugenics and Disabilities affecting intellectual abilities

Doctors' Trial

The Doctors' Trial (officially United States of America v. Karl Brandt, et al.) was the first of 12 trials for war crimes of high-ranking German officials and industrialists that the United States authorities held in their occupation zone in Nuremberg, Germany, after the end of World War II.

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Dysgenics

Dysgenics refers to any decrease in the prevalence of traits deemed to be either socially desirable or generally adaptive to their environment due to selective pressure disfavouring their reproduction.

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Edwin Black

Edwin Black (born February 27, 1950) is an American historian and author, as well as a syndicated columnist, investigative journalist, and weekly talk show host on The Edwin Black Show.

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Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler

Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler (born Anna Frieda Wächtler; 4 December 1899 – 31 July 1940) was a German painter of the avant-garde whose works were banned as "degenerate art", and in some cases destroyed, in Nazi Germany.

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Embryo

An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.

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Engagement

An engagement or betrothal is the period of time between the declaration of acceptance of a marriage proposal and the marriage itself (which is typically but not always commenced with a wedding).

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Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures.

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Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist.

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Eugen Fischer

Eugen Fischer (5 July 1874 – 9 July 1967) was a German professor of medicine, anthropology, and eugenics, and a member of the Nazi Party.

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Eugenics

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Nazi eugenics and Eugenics are Ableism.

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Eugenics in the United States

Eugenics, the set of beliefs and practices which aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population, played a significant role in the history and culture of the United States from the late 19th century into the mid-20th century.

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Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)

The Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community (Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat,, abbreviated BMI, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Nancy Faeser. It is comparable to the British Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies.

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Feeble-minded

The term feeble-minded was used from the late 19th century in Europe, the United States and Australasia for disorders later referred to as illnesses or deficiencies of the mind.

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Fritz Lenz

Fritz Gottlieb Karl Lenz (9 March 1887 in Pflugrade, Pomerania – 6 July 1976 in Göttingen, Lower Saxony) was a German geneticist, member of the Nazi Party,, Jonathan M. Marks.

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Gallaudet University

Gallaudet University is a private federally chartered university in Washington, D.C., for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing.

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Gas chamber

A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or other animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced.

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Gas van

A gas van or gas wagon (душегубка, dushegubka, literally "soul killer"; Gaswagen) was a truck re-equipped as a mobile gas chamber.

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Götz Aly

Götz Haydar Aly (born 3 May 1947) is a German journalist, historian and political scientist.

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Genetic disorder

A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.

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German Blood Certificate

A German Blood Certificate (German: Deutschblütigkeitserklärung) was a document provided by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler to Mischlinge (those with partial Jewish heritage), declaring them deutschblütig (of German blood).

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German Society for Racial Hygiene

The German Society for Racial Hygiene (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rassenhygiene) was a German eugenic organization founded on 22 June 1905 by the physician Alfred Ploetz in Berlin.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Gleichschaltung

The Nazi term Gleichschaltung or "coordination" was the process of Nazification by which Adolf Hitler — leader of the Nazi Party in Germany — successively established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society "from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education".

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Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre

The Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre (NS-Tötungsanstalt Grafeneck) housed in Grafeneck Castle was one of Nazi Germany's killing centres as part of their forced euthanasia programme.

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Hadamar

Hadamar is a small town in Limburg-Weilburg district in Hesse, Germany.

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Hadamar killing centre

The Hadamar killing centre (NS-Tötungsanstalt Hadamar) was a killing facility involved in the Nazi involuntary euthanasia programme known as Aktion T4.

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Hamburg

Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.

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Harry H. Laughlin

Harry Hamilton Laughlin (March 11, 1880 – January 26, 1943) was an American educator and eugenicist.

See Nazi eugenics and Harry H. Laughlin

Hartheim killing centre

The Hartheim killing centre (NS-Tötungsanstalt Hartheim, sometimes translated as "Hartheim killing facility" or "Hartheim euthanasia centre") was a killing facility involved in the Nazi programme known as Aktion T4, in which German citizens deemed mentally or physically unfit were systematically murdered with poison gas.

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Hearing loss

Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear.

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Heidelberg University

Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis), is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Henry Friedlander

Henry Egon Friedlander (24 September 1930 – 17 October 2012) was a German-American Jewish historian of the Holocaust who was noted for his arguments in favor of broadening the scope of casualties of the Holocaust.

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Hereditary Health Court

The Hereditary Health Court (Erbgesundheitsgericht, EGG), also known as the Genetic Health Court, was a court that decided whether people should be forcibly sterilized in Nazi Germany.

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Heredity

Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

See Nazi eugenics and Heredity

Herman Hollerith

Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an American statistician, inventor, and businessman who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting.

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Hitlers Zweites Buch

The Hitlers Zweites Buch ("Second Book"), published in English as Hitler's Secret Book and later as Hitler's Second Book, is an unedited transcript of Adolf Hitler's thoughts on foreign policy written in 1928; it was written after Mein Kampf and was not published in his lifetime.

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Humboldt University of Berlin

The Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany.

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Ian Kershaw

Sir Ian Kershaw (born 29 April 1943) is an English historian whose work has chiefly focused on the social history of 20th-century Germany.

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IBM

International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York and present in over 175 countries.

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IBM and the Holocaust

IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation is a book by investigative journalist and historian Edwin Black which documents the strategic technology services rendered by US-based multinational corporation International Business Machines (IBM) and its German and other European subsidiaries for the government of Adolf Hitler from the beginning of the Third Reich through to the last day of the regime, at the end of World War II when the US and Germany were at war with each other.

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Infanticide

Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants or offspring.

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Insanity

Insanity, madness, lunacy, and craziness are behaviors caused by certain abnormal mental or behavioral patterns.

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Intersex

Intersex people are individuals born with any of several sex characteristics, including chromosome patterns, gonads, or genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies".

See Nazi eugenics and Intersex

The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences is a medical journal that publishes original articles dealing with the bio-psycho-social aspects of mobility, relocation, acculturation, ethnicity, stress situations in war and peace, victimology, and mental health in developing countries.

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Johns Hopkins University Press

Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.

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Josef Mengele

Josef Rudolf Mengele (16 March 19117 February 1979) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and physician during World War II.

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Journal of Contemporary History

The Journal of Contemporary History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of history in all parts of the world since 1930.

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Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

The Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal.

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Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics

The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics was founded in 1927 in Berlin, Germany.

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Landsberg Prison

Landsberg Prison is a prison in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria, about west-southwest of Munich and south of Augsburg.

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Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring

Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring (Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses) or "Sterilisation Law" was a statute in Nazi Germany enacted on July 14, 1933, (and made active in January 1934) which allowed the compulsory sterilisation of any citizen who in the opinion of a "Genetic Health Court" (Erbgesundheitsgericht) suffered from a list of alleged genetic disorders – many of which were not, in fact, genetic.

See Nazi eugenics and Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring

Lebensborn

Lebensborn e.V. (literally: "Fount of Life") was a secret, SS-initiated, state-registered association in Nazi Germany with the stated goal of increasing the number of children born who met the Nazi standards of "racially pure" and "healthy" Aryans, based on Nazi eugenics (also called "racial hygiene" by some eugenicists).

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Life unworthy of life

The phrase "life unworthy of life" (Lebensunwertes Leben) was a Nazi designation for the segments of the populace which, according to the Nazi regime, had no right to live.

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Loanword

A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.

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Mass murder

Mass murder is the violent crime of killing a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity.

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Michael Berenbaum

Michael Berenbaum (born July 31, 1945, in Newark, New Jersey) is an American scholar, professor, rabbi, writer, and filmmaker, who specializes in the study of the Holocaust.

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Michael Burleigh

Michael Burleigh (born 3 April 1955) is an English author and historian whose primary focus is on Nazi Germany and related subjects.

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Muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases that cause progressive weakness and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nazi human experimentation

Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on prisoners by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps mainly between 1942 and 1945.

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Nazi racial theories

The German Nazi Party adopted and developed several pseudoscientific racial classifications as an important part of its fascist ideology (Nazism) in order to justify genocides and racism against ethnicities which it deemed genetically or culturally inferior, invasions of Poland and the USSR, and distant intention for war against Japan.

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Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

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Nordic race

The Nordic race is an obsolete racial concept which originated in 19th-century anthropology.

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Nordicism

Nordicism is an ideology which views the historical race concept of the "Nordic race" as an endangered and superior racial group.

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Nur für Deutsche

The slogan Nur für Deutsche (English: "Only for Germans") was a German ethnocentric slogan indicating that certain establishments, transportation and other facilities such as park benches, bars and restaurants were reserved exclusively for Germans.

See Nazi eugenics and Nur für Deutsche

Nuremberg Laws

The Nuremberg Laws (Nürnberger Gesetze) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party.

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Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer

Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer (16 July 1896 – 8 August 1969) was a German-Dutch human biologist and geneticist, who was the Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Münster until he retired in 1965.

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Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany

Before 1933, male homosexual acts were illegal in Germany under Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code.

See Nazi eugenics and Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany

Peter Padfield

Peter L. N. Padfield (3 April 1932 – 14 March 2022) was a British author, biographer, historian, and journalist who specialised in naval history and in the Second World War period.

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Philipp Bouhler

Philipp Bouhler (11 September 1899 – 19 May 1945) was a German senior Nazi Party functionary who was both a Reichsleiter (National Leader) and Chief of the Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDAP.

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Physical disability

A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.

See Nazi eugenics and Physical disability

Psychiatric hospital

Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental health hospitals, or behavioral health hospitals are hospitals or wards specializing in the treatment of severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, major depressive disorder, and others.

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Racial hygiene

The term racial hygiene was used to describe an approach to eugenics in the early 20th century, which found its most extensive implementation in Nazi Germany (Nazi eugenics).

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Racial policy of Nazi Germany

The racial policy of Nazi Germany was a set of policies and laws implemented in Nazi Germany under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler, based on pseudoscientific and racist doctrines asserting the superiority of the putative "Aryan race", which claimed scientific legitimacy.

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Rassenschande

Rassenschande ("racial shame") or Blutschande ("blood disgrace") was an anti-miscegenation concept in Nazi German racial policy, pertaining to sexual relations between Aryans and non-Aryans.

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Reinrassig

Reinrassig is a German zoological term meaning "of pure breed".

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Rhineland bastard

Rhineland bastard (Rheinlandbastard.) was a derogatory term used in Nazi Germany to describe Afro-Germans, born of mixed-race relationships between German women and black African men of the French Army who were stationed in the Rhineland during its occupation by France after World War I. After 1933, under Nazi racial theories, Afro-Germans deemed to be Rheinlandbastarde were persecuted.

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Robert Jay Lifton

Robert Jay Lifton (born May 16, 1926) is an American psychiatrist and author, chiefly known for his studies of the psychological causes and effects of wars and political violence, and for his theory of thought reform.

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Robert N. Proctor

Robert Neel Proctor (born 1954) is an American historian of science and Professor of the History of Science at Stanford University, where he is also Professor by courtesy of Pulmonary Medicine.

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Rockefeller Foundation

The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

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Rutgers University Press

Rutgers University Press (RUP) is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reoccurring episodes of psychosis that are correlated with a general misperception of reality.

See Nazi eugenics and Schizophrenia

Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylised as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Selective breeding

Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.

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Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures.

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Social Darwinism is the study and implementation of various pseudoscientific theories and societal practices that purport to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics and politics.

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Social degeneration was a widely influential concept at the interface of the social and biological sciences in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Sparta

Sparta was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece.

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Sterilization of deaf people in Nazi Germany

During the era of National Socialism in Germany the discrimination towards the "Hereditarly Diseased" was at its peak.

See Nazi eugenics and Sterilization of deaf people in Nazi Germany

The American Journal of Psychiatry

The American Journal of Psychiatry is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of psychiatry, and is the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association.

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The New England Journal of Medicine

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.

See Nazi eugenics and The New England Journal of Medicine

Trans woman

A trans woman (short for transgender woman) is a woman who was assigned male at birth.

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Transgender

A transgender person (often shortened to trans person) is someone whose gender identity differs from that typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth.

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Transvestism

Transvestism is the practice of dressing in a manner traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender.

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Tubal ligation

Tubal ligation (commonly known as having one's "tubes tied") is a surgical procedure for female sterilization in which the fallopian tubes are permanently blocked, clipped or removed.

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Völkisch movement

The Völkisch movement (Völkische Bewegung, Folkist movement, also called Völkism) was a German ethnic nationalist movement active from the late 19th century through the dissolution of the German Reich in 1945, with remnants in the Federal Republic of Germany afterwards.

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Viktor Brack

Viktor Hermann Brack (9 November 1904 – 2 June 1948) was a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and a convicted Nazi war criminal and one of the prominent organisers of the involuntary euthanasia programme Aktion T4; this Nazi initiative resulted in the systematic murder of 275,000 to 300,000 disabled people.

See Nazi eugenics and Viktor Brack

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_eugenics

Also known as Eugenics in Nazi Germany, Law of 1933, Nazi eugenic, Racist eugenics.

, Heidelberg University, Henry Friedlander, Hereditary Health Court, Heredity, Herman Hollerith, Hitlers Zweites Buch, Humboldt University of Berlin, Ian Kershaw, IBM, IBM and the Holocaust, Infanticide, Insanity, Intersex, Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Press, Josef Mengele, Journal of Contemporary History, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, Landsberg Prison, Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, Lebensborn, Life unworthy of life, Loanword, Mass murder, Michael Berenbaum, Michael Burleigh, Muscular dystrophy, Nazi Germany, Nazi human experimentation, Nazi racial theories, Nazism, Nordic race, Nordicism, Nur für Deutsche, Nuremberg Laws, Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany, Peter Padfield, Philipp Bouhler, Physical disability, Psychiatric hospital, Racial hygiene, Racial policy of Nazi Germany, Rassenschande, Reinrassig, Rhineland bastard, Robert Jay Lifton, Robert N. Proctor, Rockefeller Foundation, Rutgers University Press, Schizophrenia, Schutzstaffel, Selective breeding, Social anthropology, Social Darwinism, Social degeneration, Sparta, Sterilization of deaf people in Nazi Germany, The American Journal of Psychiatry, The New England Journal of Medicine, Trans woman, Transgender, Transvestism, Tubal ligation, Völkisch movement, Viktor Brack, Visual impairment, Volksdeutsche, Wilhelm Schallmayer.

Nazi eugenics, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Ableism

References