Neuromedin U, the Glossary
Neuromedin U (NmU or NMU) is a neuropeptide found in the brain of humans and other mammals, which has a number of diverse functions including contraction of smooth muscle, regulation of blood pressure, pain perception, appetite, bone growth, and hormone release.[1]
Table of Contents
47 relations: Allodynia, Amide, Amino acid, Blood plasma, Blood pressure, Brainstem, C-terminus, Cancer, Cell growth, Cell migration, Conserved sequence, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Dorsal root ganglion, Epithelium, Explant culture, Formaldehyde, Gene, Gene knockout, Hepatocyte growth factor, Hormone, Hyperalgesia, In vitro, MAPK/ERK pathway, Mesenchymal stem cell, Muscle contraction, Neuromedin S, Neuromedin U receptor, Neuromedin U receptor 1, Neuromedin U receptor 2, Neuron, Neuropeptide, Neurotransmission, Nociception, Oncogene, Paracrine signaling, Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, Peptide, Phosphatidylinositol, Posterior grey column, Preganglionic nerve fibers, Protein isoform, Receptor antagonist, Signal transduction, Spinal cord, Sympathetic nervous system.
Allodynia
Allodynia is a condition in which pain is caused by a stimulus that does not normally elicit pain.
See Neuromedin U and Allodynia
Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms.
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
See Neuromedin U and Amino acid
Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension.
See Neuromedin U and Blood plasma
Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.
See Neuromedin U and Blood pressure
Brainstem
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the stalk-like part of the brain that connects the forebrain (the cerebrum and diencephalon) with the spinal cord.
See Neuromedin U and Brainstem
C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
See Neuromedin U and C-terminus
Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cell growth
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume.
See Neuromedin U and Cell growth
Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
See Neuromedin U and Cell migration
Conserved sequence
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are identical or similar sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences), or within a genome (paralogous sequences), or between donor and receptor taxa (xenologous sequences).
See Neuromedin U and Conserved sequence
Corticosterone
Corticosterone, also known as 17-deoxycortisol and 11β,21-dihydroxyprogesterone, is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.
See Neuromedin U and Corticosterone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin; corticotropin may also be spelled corticotrophin) is a peptide hormone involved in stress responses. Neuromedin U and corticotropin-releasing hormone are neuropeptides.
See Neuromedin U and Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes.
See Neuromedin U and Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Dorsal root ganglion
A dorsal root ganglion (or spinal ganglion; also known as a posterior root ganglion) is a cluster of neurons (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve.
See Neuromedin U and Dorsal root ganglion
Epithelium
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.
See Neuromedin U and Epithelium
Explant culture
In biology, explant culture is a technique to organotypically culture cells from a piece or pieces of tissue or organ removed from a plant or animal.
See Neuromedin U and Explant culture
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde (systematic name methanal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula and structure, more precisely.
See Neuromedin U and Formaldehyde
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
Gene knockout
Gene knockouts (also known as gene deletion or gene inactivation) are a widely used genetic engineering technique that involves the targeted removal or inactivation of a specific gene within an organism's genome.
See Neuromedin U and Gene knockout
Hepatocyte growth factor
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or scatter factor (SF) is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor.
See Neuromedin U and Hepatocyte growth factor
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
Hyperalgesia
Hyperalgesia (or; 'hyper' from Greek ὑπέρ (huper, “over”), '-algesia' from Greek algos, ἄλγος (pain)) is an abnormally increased sensitivity to pain, which may be caused by damage to nociceptors or peripheral nerves and can cause hypersensitivity to stimulus.
See Neuromedin U and Hyperalgesia
In vitro
In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
MAPK/ERK pathway
The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.
See Neuromedin U and MAPK/ERK pathway
Mesenchymal stem cell
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).
See Neuromedin U and Mesenchymal stem cell
Muscle contraction
Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle cells.
See Neuromedin U and Muscle contraction
Neuromedin S
Neuromedin S is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide found in the brain of humans and other mammals. Neuromedin U and Neuromedin S are neuropeptides.
See Neuromedin U and Neuromedin S
Neuromedin U receptor
The neuromedin U receptors are two G-protein coupled receptors which bind the neuropeptide hormones neuromedin U and neuromedin S. There are two subtypes of the neuromedin U receptor, each encoded by a separate gene.
See Neuromedin U and Neuromedin U receptor
Neuromedin U receptor 1
Neuromedin-U receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NMUR1 gene.
See Neuromedin U and Neuromedin U receptor 1
Neuromedin U receptor 2
Neuromedin-U receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NMUR2 gene.
See Neuromedin U and Neuromedin U receptor 2
Neuron
A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.
Neuropeptide
Neuropeptides are chemical messengers made up of small chains of amino acids that are synthesized and released by neurons. Neuromedin U and Neuropeptide are neuropeptides.
See Neuromedin U and Neuropeptide
Neurotransmission
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through") is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron) a short distance away.
See Neuromedin U and Neurotransmission
Nociception
In physiology, nociception (/ˌnəʊsɪˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/), also nocioception) is the sensory nervous system's process of encoding noxious stimuli. It deals with a series of events and processes required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal to trigger an appropriate defensive response.
See Neuromedin U and Nociception
Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
Paracrine signaling
In cellular biology, paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling, a type of cellular communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behaviour of those cells.
See Neuromedin U and Paracrine signaling
Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN, PVA, or PVH) is a nucleus in the hypothalamus.
See Neuromedin U and Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
Peptide
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol or inositol phospholipid is a biomolecule.
See Neuromedin U and Phosphatidylinositol
Posterior grey column
The posterior grey column (posterior cornu, dorsal horn, spinal dorsal horn, posterior horn, sensory horn) is one of the three grey columns of the spinal cord.
See Neuromedin U and Posterior grey column
Preganglionic nerve fibers
In the autonomic nervous system, nerve fibers from the central nervous system to the ganglion are known as preganglionic nerve fibers.
See Neuromedin U and Preganglionic nerve fibers
Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
See Neuromedin U and Protein isoform
Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
See Neuromedin U and Receptor antagonist
Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events.
See Neuromedin U and Signal transduction
Spinal cord
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone) of vertebrate animals.
See Neuromedin U and Spinal cord
Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.
See Neuromedin U and Sympathetic nervous system