New Imperialism, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 324 relations: Aden, Africa, Afrikaners, Agadir Crisis, Alaska Purchase, Alexander Idenburg, Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner, Alfred Russel Wallace, Alsace–Lorraine, American imperialism, American Revolutionary War, American Samoa, Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan, Anglo-Russian Convention, Apartheid, Appeasement, Argentina, Asia, Aurangzeb, Australia, Banaba, Banda Islands, Beijing, Belgian Congo, Belle Époque, Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, Berlin Conference, Bernard Porter, Bohai Sea, Bombardment of Valparaíso, Bonin Islands, Boxer Rebellion, British Borneo, British Empire, British expedition to Tibet, British Honduras, British Malaya, British rule in Burma, British Somaliland, British South Africa Company, Brussels International Exposition (1897), C. L. Mowat, California, Cambodia, Cape Colony, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Cato Institute, Cecil Rhodes, Central Africa, ... Expand index (274 more) »

2. 19th century
3. European colonisation in Africa

Aden

Aden (Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩵𐩬) is a port city located in Yemen in the southern part of the Arabian peninsula, positioned near the eastern approach to the Red Sea.

See New Imperialism and Aden

Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.

See New Imperialism and Africa

Afrikaners

Afrikaners are a Southern African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652.Entry: Cape Colony. Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: Brain to Casting. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1933. James Louis Garvin, editor. Until 1994, they dominated South Africa's politics as well as the country's commercial agricultural sector.

See New Imperialism and Afrikaners

Agadir Crisis

The Agadir Crisis, Agadir Incident, or Second Moroccan Crisis was a brief crisis sparked by the deployment of a substantial force of French troops in the interior of Morocco in July 1911 and the deployment of the German gunboat to Agadir, a Moroccan Atlantic port. New Imperialism and Agadir Crisis are European colonisation in Africa.

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Alaska Purchase

The Alaska Purchase was the purchase of Alaska from the Russian Empire to the United States for a sum of $7.2 million in 1867 (equivalent to $ million in). On May 15 of that year, the United States Senate ratified a bilateral treaty that had been signed on March 30, and American sovereignty became legally effective across the territory on October 18.

See New Imperialism and Alaska Purchase

Alexander Idenburg

Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg (23 July 1861 – 28 February 1935) was a Dutch military officer and politician of the Anti Revolutionary Party who served as Governor-General of Suriname from 1905 until 1908, and the Dutch East Indies from 1909 until 1916.

See New Imperialism and Alexander Idenburg

Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner

Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner, (23 March 1854 – 13 May 1925) was a British statesman and colonial administrator who played a very important role in the formulation of British foreign and domestic policy between the mid-1890s and early 1920s.

See New Imperialism and Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner

Alfred Russel Wallace

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator.

See New Imperialism and Alfred Russel Wallace

Alsace–Lorraine

Alsace–Lorraine (German: Elsaß–Lothringen), officially the Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß–Lothringen), was a former territory of the German Empire, located in modern day France.

See New Imperialism and Alsace–Lorraine

American imperialism

American imperialism is the expansion of American political, economic, cultural, media, and military influence beyond the boundaries of the United States of America.

See New Imperialism and American imperialism

American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a military conflict that was part of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army.

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American Samoa

American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the Polynesia region of the South Pacific Ocean.

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Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan

The Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan in 1896–1899 was a reconquest of territory lost by the Khedives of Egypt in 1884–1885 during the Mahdist War.

See New Imperialism and Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan

Anglo-Russian Convention

The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (g.), or Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet (Конвенция между Соединенным Королевством и Россией относительно Персии, Афганистана, и Тибета; Konventsiya mezhdu Soyedinennym Korolevstvom i Rossiyey otnositel'no Persii, Afghanistana, i Tibeta), was signed on August 31, 1907, in Saint Petersburg.

See New Imperialism and Anglo-Russian Convention

Apartheid

Apartheid (especially South African English) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s.

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Appeasement

Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic negotiation policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power with intention to avoid conflict.

See New Imperialism and Appeasement

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Asia

Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.

See New Imperialism and Asia

Aurangzeb

Muhi al-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known as italics, was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707.

See New Imperialism and Aurangzeb

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

See New Imperialism and Australia

Banaba

BanabaThe correct spelling and etymology in Gilbertese should be Bwanaba but the Constitution of Kiribati writes Banaba.

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Banda Islands

The Banda Islands (Kepulauan Banda) are a volcanic group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about south of Seram Island and about east of Java, and constitute an administrative district (kecamatan) within the Central Maluku Regency in the Indonesian province of Maluku.

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Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

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Belgian Congo

The Belgian Congo (Congo belge,; Belgisch-Congo) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence in 1960 and became the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).

See New Imperialism and Belgian Congo

Belle Époque

The Belle Époque or La Belle Époque was a period of French and European history that began after the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 and continued until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. New Imperialism and Belle Époque are 19th century.

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Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna

Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna (August 25, 1831 – January 25, 1886) was a Chilean writer, journalist, historian and politician.

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Berlin Conference

The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 met on 15 November 1884 and, after an adjournment, concluded on 26 February 1885 with the signature of a General Act, by Keith, Arthur Berriedale, 1919, p. 52. New Imperialism and Berlin Conference are European colonisation in Africa.

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Bernard Porter

Bernard John Porter (born 5 February 1941) is a British historian and academic.

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Bohai Sea

The Bohai Sea is a gulf/inland sea approximately in area on the east coast of Mainland China.

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Bombardment of Valparaíso

The Bombardment of Valparaíso on 31 March 1866 took place during the Chincha Islands War, when a Spanish fleet shelled, burned and destroyed the undefended port of Valparaíso.

See New Imperialism and Bombardment of Valparaíso

Bonin Islands

The Bonin Islands, also known as the Ogasawara Islands (小笠原諸島), is a Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and tropical islands located around SSE of Tokyo and northwest of Guam.

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Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising or the Boxer Insurrection, was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known as the "Boxers" in English due to many of its members having practised Chinese martial arts, which at the time were referred to as "Chinese boxing".

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British Borneo

British Borneo comprised the four northern parts of the island of Borneo, which are now the country of Brunei, two Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, and the Malaysian federal territory of Labuan.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British expedition to Tibet

The British expedition to Tibet, also known as the Younghusband expedition, began in December 1903 and lasted until September 1904.

See New Imperialism and British expedition to Tibet

British Honduras

British Honduras was a Crown colony on the east coast of Central America, south of Mexico, from 1783 to 1964, then a self-governing colony, renamed Belize in June 1973,, Caribbean Community.

See New Imperialism and British Honduras

British Malaya

The term "British Malaya" (Tanah Melayu British) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century.

See New Imperialism and British Malaya

British rule in Burma

The British colonial rule in Burma lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the successive three Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of Burma as a province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence.

See New Imperialism and British rule in Burma

British Somaliland

British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate (Maxmiyadda Dhulka Soomaalida), was a protectorate of the United Kingdom in modern Somaliland.

See New Imperialism and British Somaliland

British South Africa Company

The British South Africa Company (BSAC or BSACo) was chartered in 1889 following the amalgamation of Cecil Rhodes' Central Search Association and the London-based Exploring Company Ltd, which had originally competed to capitalize on the expected mineral wealth of Mashonaland but united because of common economic interests and to secure British government backing.

See New Imperialism and British South Africa Company

Brussels International Exposition (1897)

The Brussels International Exposition (Exposition Internationale de Bruxelles, Wereldtentoonstelling te Brussel) of 1897 was a world's fair held in Brussels, Belgium, from 10 May 1897 through 8 November 1897.

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C. L. Mowat

Charles Loch Mowat (4 October 1911 – 23 June 1970) was a British-born American historian.

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California

California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.

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Cambodia

Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia.

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Cape Colony

The Cape Colony (Kaapkolonie), also known as the Cape of Good Hope, was a British colony in present-day South Africa named after the Cape of Good Hope.

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Captaincy General of the Philippines

The Captaincy General of the Philippines was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid.

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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military commander, aristocrat, and statesman.

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Cato Institute

The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1977 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Koch Industries.

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Cecil Rhodes

Cecil John Rhodes (5 July 185326 March 1902) was an English mining magnate and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896.

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Central Africa

Central Africa is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions.

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Central Asia

Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.

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Century of humiliation

The century of humiliation (百年国耻) was a period in Chinese history beginning with the First Opium War (1839–1842), and ending in 1945 with China (then the Republic of China) emerging out of the Second World War as one of the Big Four and established as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, or alternately, ending in 1949 with the founding of the People's Republic of China.

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Charles George Gordon

Major-General Charles George Gordon CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British Army officer and administrator.

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Chartered company

A chartered company is an association with investors or shareholders that is incorporated and granted rights (often exclusive rights) by royal charter (or similar instrument of government) for the purpose of trade, exploration, or colonization, or a combination of these.

See New Imperialism and Chartered company

Child marriage

Child marriage is a marriage or domestic partnership, formal or informal, between a child and an adult, or between a child and another child.

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Chilean Navy

The Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces.

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Chilean peso

The peso is the currency of Chile.

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Chincha Islands War

The Chincha Islands War, also known as Spanish–South American War (Guerra hispano-sudamericana), was a series of coastal and naval battles between Spain and its former colonies of Peru, Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia from 1865 to 1879.

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Christmas Island

The Territory of Christmas Island is an Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean comprising the island of the same name.

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Civilizing mission

The civilizing mission (misión civilizadora; Missão civilizadora; Mission civilisatrice) is a political rationale for military intervention and for colonization purporting to facilitate the Westernization or Japanization of indigenous peoples, especially in the period from the 15th to the 20th centuries.

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Clemens von Ketteler

Clemens August Freiherr von Ketteler (22 November 1853 – 20 June 1900) was a German career diplomat.

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Clipper

A clipper was a type of mid-19th-century merchant sailing vessel, designed for speed.

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Cocos (Keeling) Islands

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Pulu Kokos), officially the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Pulu Kokos), are an Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean, comprising a small archipelago approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka and relatively close to the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

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Cold war (term)

A cold war is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates.

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Colonial Nigeria

Colonial Nigeria was ruled by the British Empire from the mid-nineteenth century until 1 October 1960 when Nigeria achieved independence.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.

See New Imperialism and Colonialism

Colony of Fiji

The Colony of Fiji was a Crown colony that existed from 1874 to 1970 in the territory of the present-day nation of Fiji.

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Colony of New Zealand

The Colony of New Zealand was a colony of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that encompassed the islands of New Zealand which was proclaimed by its British settler population in 1841, and which lasted until 1907.

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Colony of Singapore

The Colony of Singapore was a Crown colony of the United Kingdom that encompassed what is modern-day Singapore from 1946 to 1958.

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Comoro Islands

The Comoro Islands or the Comoros (Comorian: Komori; Juzur al-Qomor; Les Comores) are an archipelago of volcanic islands situated off the southeastern coast of Africa, to the east of Mozambique and northwest of Madagascar.

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Concert of Europe

The Concert of Europe was a general agreement among the great powers of 19th-century Europe to maintain the European balance of power, political boundaries, and spheres of influence.

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Congo Free State

The Congo Free State, also known as the Independent State of the Congo (État indépendant du Congo), was a large state and absolute monarchy in Central Africa from 1885 to 1908.

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Congo River

The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third-largest river in the world by discharge volume, following the Amazon and Ganges rivers. It is the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths of around.

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Congress of Berlin

The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a diplomatic conference to reorganise the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), which had been won by Russia against the Ottoman Empire.

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Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Conquest of the Desert

The Conquest of the Desert (Conquista del desierto) was an Argentine military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca during the 1870s and 1880s with the intention of establishing dominance over Patagonia, inhabited primarily by indigenous peoples.

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Convention of Peking

The Convention of Peking or First Convention of Peking is an agreement comprising three distinct unequal treaties concluded between the Qing dynasty of China and Great Britain, France, and the Russian Empire in 1860.

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Corn Laws

The Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and corn enforced in the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1846.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.

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Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Dalian

Dalian is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China (after Shenyang and Harbin).

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Decolonization

independence. Decolonization is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby imperial nations establish and dominate foreign territories, often overseas.

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Developmental psychology

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives.

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Diego Portales

Diego José Pedro Víctor Portales y Palazuelos (June 16, 1793 – June 6, 1837) was a Chilean statesman and entrepreneur.

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Dollar diplomacy

Dollar diplomacy of the United States, particularly during the presidency of William Howard Taft (1909–1913) was a form of American foreign policy to minimize the use or threat of military force and instead further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through the use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.

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Drago Doctrine

The Drago Doctrine was announced in 1902 by Argentine Minister of Foreign Affairs Luis María Drago in a diplomatic note to the United States.

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Dutch colonial empire

The Dutch colonial empire (Nederlandse koloniale rijk) comprised the overseas territories and trading posts controlled and administered by Dutch chartered companies—mainly the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company—and subsequently by the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), and by the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands after 1815.

See New Imperialism and Dutch colonial empire

Dutch East India Company

The United East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, abbreviated as VOC), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world.

See New Imperialism and Dutch East India Company

Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (Nederlands(ch)-Indië) and Dutch Indonesia, was a Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which declared independence on 17 August 1945.

See New Imperialism and Dutch East Indies

East India Company

The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874.

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Easter Island

Easter Island (Isla de Pascua; Rapa Nui) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania.

See New Imperialism and Easter Island

Egba people

The Egba people are a subgroup of the Yoruba people, an ethnic group of western Nigeria, a majority of whom are from the central part of Ogun State, that is Ogun Central Senatorial District.

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Egba United Government

The Egba United Government (EUG) was a political entity in the late 19th century in what is today Nigeria.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

See New Imperialism and Egypt

Eight-Nation Alliance

The Eight-Nation Alliance was a multinational military coalition that invaded northern China in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion, with the stated aim of relieving the foreign legations in Beijing, which was being besieged by the popular Boxer militiamen, who were determined to remove foreign imperialism in China.

See New Imperialism and Eight-Nation Alliance

Emirate of Bukhara

The Emirate of Bukhara (امارت بخارا|Imārat-i Bukhārā, بخارا امیرلیگی|Bukhārā Amirligi) was a Muslim polity in Central Asia that existed from 1785 to 1920 in what is now Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.

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Emperor Meiji

Mutsuhito (3 November 185230 July 1912), posthumously honored as Emperor Meiji, was the 122nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

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Emperor of India

Emperor or Empress of India was a title used by British monarchs from 1 May 1876 (with the Royal Titles Act 1876) to 22 June 1948 Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the ('Section 7:...(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.').

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Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan, also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947.

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Encyclopedia Americana

Encyclopedia Americana is a general encyclopedia written in American English.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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European History Online

European History Online (Europäische Geschichte Online, EGO) is an academic website that publishes articles on the history of Europe between the period of 1450 and 1950 according to the principle of open access.

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In international law, extraterritoriality or exterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations.

See New Imperialism and Extraterritoriality

Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf.

See New Imperialism and Falkland Islands

Fashoda Incident

The Fashoda Incident, also known as the Fashoda Crisis (French: Crise de Fachoda), was the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and France in East Africa, occurring between 10 July to 3 November 1898. New Imperialism and Fashoda Incident are European colonisation in Africa.

See New Imperialism and Fashoda Incident

First French Empire

The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire after 1809 and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.

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First Moroccan Crisis

The First Moroccan Crisis or the Tangier Crisis was an international crisis between March 31, 1905, and April 7, 1906, over the status of Morocco.

See New Imperialism and First Moroccan Crisis

First Opium War

The First Opium War, also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the British Empire and the Qing dynasty of China between 1839 and 1842.

See New Imperialism and First Opium War

First Sino-Japanese War

The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 1894 – 17 April 1895) or the First China–Japan War was a conflict between the Qing dynasty and the Empire of Japan primarily over influence in Korea.

See New Imperialism and First Sino-Japanese War

First wave of European colonization

The first wave of European colonization began with Spanish and Portuguese conquests and explorations, and primarily involved the European colonization of the Americas, though it also included the establishment of European colonies in India and in Maritime Southeast Asia.

See New Imperialism and First wave of European colonization

Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

See New Imperialism and Franco-Prussian War

Free trade

Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports.

See New Imperialism and Free trade

French Cochinchina

French Cochinchina (sometimes spelled Cochin-China; Cochinchine française; Xứ thuộc địa Nam Kỳ, chữ Hán: 處屬地南圻) was a colony of French Indochina, encompassing the whole region of Lower Cochinchina or Southern Vietnam from 1862 to 1946.

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French conquest of Algeria

The French conquest of Algeria took place between 1830 and 1903.

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French Indochina

French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China), officially known as the Indochinese Union and after 1946 as the French Union, was a grouping of French colonial territories in Mainland Southeast Asia until its end in 1954. It comprised Cambodia, Laos (from 1899), the Chinese territory of Guangzhouwan (from 1898 until 1945), and the Vietnamese regions of Tonkin in the north, Annam in the centre, and Cochinchina in the south.

See New Imperialism and French Indochina

French Polynesia

French Polynesia (Polynésie française; Pōrīnetia Farāni) is an overseas collectivity of France and its sole overseas country.

See New Imperialism and French Polynesia

French Somaliland

French Somaliland (lit; Xeebta Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska) was a French colony in the Horn of Africa.

See New Imperialism and French Somaliland

French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

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French West Africa

French West Africa (Afrique-Occidentale française, italic) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger.

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Gansu

Gansu is an inland province in Northwestern China.

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Geopolitics

Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations.

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German East Africa

German East Africa (GEA; Deutsch-Ostafrika) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique.

See New Imperialism and German East Africa

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

See New Imperialism and German Empire

German Samoa

German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa; Samoan: Siamani-Sāmoa) was a German protectorate from 1900 to 1920, consisting of the islands of Upolu, Savai'i, Apolima and Manono, now wholly within the Independent State of Samoa, formerly Western Samoa.

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German South West Africa

German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

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Gilbert Islands

The Gilbert Islands (Tungaru;Reilly Ridgell. Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. 3rd. Ed. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1995. p. 95. formerly Kingsmill or King's-Mill IslandsVery often, this name applied only to the southern islands of the archipelago, the northern half being designated as the Scarborough Islands.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.

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Great Game

The Great Game was a rivalry between the 19th-century British and Russian empires over influence in Central Asia, primarily in Afghanistan, Persia, and Tibet.

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Great power

A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.

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Guam

Guam (Guåhan) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean.

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Guangzhou

Guangzhou, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.

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Gunboat diplomacy

Gunboat diplomacy is the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval power, implying or constituting a direct threat of warfare should terms not be agreeable to the superior force.

See New Imperialism and Gunboat diplomacy

Hans-Ulrich Wehler

Hans-Ulrich Wehler (September 11, 1931 – July 5, 2014) was a German left-liberal historian known for his role in promoting social history through the "Bielefeld School", and for his critical studies of 19th-century Germany.

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Hanyang Arsenal

Hanyang Arsenal was one of the largest and oldest modern arsenals in Chinese history.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is an island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland.

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Henan

Henan is an inland province of China.

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Henry Morton Stanley

Sir Henry Morton Stanley (born John Rowlands; 28 January 1841 – 10 May 1904) was a Welsh-American explorer, journalist, soldier, colonial administrator, author and politician who was famous for his exploration of Central Africa and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone.

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Herero Wars

The Herero Wars were a series of colonial wars between the German Empire and the Herero people of German South West Africa (present-day Namibia).

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Historical revisionism

In historiography, historical revisionism is the reinterpretation of a historical account.

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Historiography of the British Empire

The historiography of the British Empire refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to develop a history of the British Empire.

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History

History (derived) is the systematic study and documentation of the human past.

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History of Egypt under the British

The history of Egypt under the British lasted from 1882, when it was occupied by British forces during the Anglo-Egyptian War, until 1956 after the Suez Crisis, when the last British forces withdrew in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian agreement of 1954.

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History of the salt tax in British India

Taxation of salt has occurred in India since the earliest times.

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Hokkaido

is the second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region.

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Hong Kong Island

Hong Kong Island is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong.

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Hubei

Hubei is an inland province of China, and is part of the Central China region.

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Human cannibalism

Human cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings.

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Humanitarianism

Humanitarianism is an ideology centered on the value of human life, whereby humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans to reduce suffering and improve the conditions of humanity for moral, altruistic, and emotional reasons.

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Hunan

Hunan is an inland province of China.

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Idolatry

Idolatry is the worship of a cult image or "idol" as though it were a deity.

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Immanuel Wallerstein

Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein (September 28, 1930 – August 31, 2019) was an American sociologist and economic historian.

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Imperial overstretch

Imperial overstretch, also known as Imperial overreach, describes the situation in which an empire extends itself beyond its military-economic capabilities and often collapses as a result.

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Imperialism

Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism).

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Indian National Congress

|position.

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Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.

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Indo people

The Indo people (Indische Euraziatischen, Orang Indo) or Indos are Eurasian people living in or connected with Indonesia.

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Indonesia

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution. New Imperialism and Industrial Revolution are western culture.

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Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China.

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International African Association

The International African Association (in full, "International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of Central Africa"; in French Association Internationale Africaine, and in full Association Internationale pour l'Exploration et la Civilisation de l'Afrique Centrale) was a front organization established by the guests at the Brussels Geographic Conference of 1876, an event hosted by King Leopold II of Belgium.

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International relations (1814–1919)

This article covers worldwide diplomacy and, more generally, the international relations of the great powers from 1814 to 1919.

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Interventionism (politics)

Interventionism, in international politics, is the interference of a state or group of states into the domestic affairs of another state for the purposes of coercing that state to do something or refrain from doing something.

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Italian Eritrea

Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea, "Colony of Eritrea") was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy in the territory of present-day Eritrea.

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Ivan Eland

Ivan Eland (born February 23, 1958) is an American defense analyst and writer.

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J. A. Hobson

John Atkinson Hobson (6 July 1858 – 1 April 1940) was an English economist and social scientist.

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Jan Willem Janssens

Jonkheer Jan Willem Janssens GCMWO (12 October 1762 – 23 May 1838) was a Dutch nobleman, soldier and statesman who served both as the governor of the Dutch Cape Colony and governor-general of the Dutch East Indies.

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Jiaozhou Bay

Jiaozhou Bay (Kiautschou Bucht) is a bay located in the prefecture-level city of Qingdao (Tsingtau), Shandong Province, China.

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Jingoism

Jingoism is nationalism in the form of aggressive and proactive foreign policy, such as a country's advocacy for the use of threats or actual force, as opposed to peaceful relations, in efforts to safeguard what it perceives as its national interests.

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Joaquín Prieto

Joaquín Prieto Vial (August 20, 1786 – November 22, 1854) was a Chilean military and political figure.

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John Robert Seeley

Sir John Robert Seeley, KCMG (10 September 1834 – 13 January 1895) was an English Liberal historian and political essayist.

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José Manuel Balmaceda

José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fernández (July 19, 1840 – September 19, 1891) served as the 10th President of Chile from September 18, 1886, to August 29, 1891.

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Joseph Chamberlain

Joseph Chamberlain (8 July 1836 – 2 July 1914) was a British statesman who was first a radical Liberal, then a Liberal Unionist after opposing home rule for Ireland, and eventually was a leading imperialist in coalition with the Conservatives.

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Juan Fernández Islands

The Juan Fernández Islands (Archipiélago Juan Fernández) are a sparsely inhabited series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean reliant on tourism and fishing.

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Jules Ferry

Jules François Camille Ferry (5 April 183217 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher.

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Julio Argentino Roca

Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz (July 17, 1843 – October 19, 1914) was an army general and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 1880 to 1886 and from 1898 to 1904.

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Juye Incident

The Juye Incident (Juye Vorfall) refers to the killing of two German Catholic missionaries, Richard Henle and Franz Xaver Nies, of the Society of the Divine Word, in Juye County Shandong Province, China in the night of 1–2 November 1897 (All Saints' Day to All Souls' Day).

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Karl Kautsky

Karl Johann Kautsky (16 October 1854 – 17 October 1938) was a Czech-Austrian philosopher, journalist, and Marxist theorist.

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Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory

The Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory was a German leased territory in Imperial and Early Republican China from 1898 to 1914.

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Kingdom of Portugal

The Kingdom of Portugal was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic.

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Korea

Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.

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Korean Empire

The Korean Empire, officially the Empire of Korea or Imperial Korea, was a Korean monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by King Gojong of the Joseon dynasty.

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Kuril Islands

The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (p; Japanese: or) are a volcanic archipelago administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast in the Russian Far East.

See New Imperialism and Kuril Islands

Laos

Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country and one of the two Marxist-Leninist states in Southeast Asia.

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Latin America

Latin America often refers to the regions in the Americas in which Romance languages are the main languages and the culture and Empires of its peoples have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural impact.

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Lüshunkou, Dalian

Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District) is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China.

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Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy as a whole or certain social hierarchies.

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Leibniz Institute of European History

The Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG) in Mainz, Germany, is an independent, public research institute that carries out and promotes historical research on the foundations of Europe in the early and late Modern period.

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Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold II (Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor; Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor; 9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909) was the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909, and the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908.

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Liberia

Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.

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Lin Zexu

Lin Zexu (30 August 1785 – 22 November 1850), courtesy name Yuanfu, was a Chinese political philosopher and politician.

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List of islands in the Pacific Ocean

The Pacific islands are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean.

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Long Depression

The Long Depression was a worldwide price and economic recession, beginning in 1873 and running either through March 1879, or 1896, depending on the metrics used.

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Madagascar

Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar and the Fourth Republic of Madagascar, is an island country comprising the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands.

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Maji Maji Rebellion

The Maji Maji Rebellion (Maji-Maji-Aufstand, Vita vya Maji Maji), was an armed rebellion of Africans against German colonial rule in German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania).

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Maldives

The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is a country and archipelagic state in South Asia in the Indian Ocean.

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Manchuria

Manchuria is a term that refers to a region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China, and historically parts of the modern-day Russian Far East, often referred to as Outer Manchuria.

See New Imperialism and Manchuria

Marshall Islands

The Marshall Islands (Ṃajeḷ), officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ), is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Meiji Restoration

The Meiji Restoration (Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the, and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.

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Mercantilism

Mercantilism is a nationalist economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy.

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Merchant navy

A merchant navy or merchant marine is the fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country.

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Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine is a United States foreign policy position that opposes European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere.

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Morocco

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

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Mount Wutai

Mount Wutai, also known by its Chinese name Wutaishan and as is a sacred Buddhist site at the headwaters of the Qingshui in Shanxi Province, China.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest.

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Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.

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Napoleon III

Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last monarch of France as the second Emperor of the French from 1852 until he was deposed on 4 September 1870.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.

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National Congress of Chile

The National Congress of Chile (Congreso Nacional de Chile) is the legislative branch of the Republic of Chile.

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Nauru

Nauru (or; Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru (Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Micronesia, part of Oceania in the Central Pacific.

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Navy League (Germany)

The Navy League or Fleet Association (Deutscher Flottenverein) in Imperial Germany was an interest group formed on April 30, 1898 on initiative of Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz through the German Imperial Naval Office (Reichsmarineamt) which he headed (1897–1916) to support the expansion of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine).

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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New Caledonia

New Caledonia (Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a ''sui generis'' collectivity of overseas France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, south of Vanuatu, about east of Australia, and from Metropolitan France.

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New Hebrides

New Hebrides, officially the New Hebrides Condominium (Condominium des Nouvelles-Hébrides) and named after the Hebrides in Scotland, was the colonial name for the island group in the South Pacific Ocean that is now Vanuatu.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Newlands Resolution

The Newlands Resolution,, was a joint resolution passed on July 7, 1898, by the United States Congress to annex the independent Republic of Hawaii.

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Nicholas II

Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.

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Nile

The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.

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Novaya Zemlya

Novaya Zemlya (also,; Но́вая Земля́) is an archipelago in northern Russia.

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Orange Free State

The Orange Free State (Oranje Vrijstaat; Oranje-Vrystaat) was an independent Boer sovereign republic under British suzerainty in Southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which ceased to exist after it was defeated and surrendered to the British Empire at the end of the Second Boer War in 1902.

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Otto von Bismarck

Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898; born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck) was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany.

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Patagonia

Patagonia is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile.

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Paul Pelliot

Paul Eugène Pelliot (28 May 187826 October 1945) was a French Sinologist and Orientalist best known for his explorations of Central Asia and the Silk Road regions, and for his acquisition of many important Tibetan Empire-era manuscripts and Chinese texts at the Sachu printing center storage caves (Dunhuang), known as the Dunhuang manuscripts.

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Peking Legation Quarter

The Peking Legation Quarter was the area in Beijing (Peking), China where a number of foreign legations were located between 1861 and 1959.

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Penghu

The Penghu (Hokkien POJ: Phîⁿ-ô͘ or Phêⁿ-ô͘) or Pescadores Islands are an archipelago of 90 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait, located approximately west of the main island of Taiwan across the Penghu Channel, covering an area of.

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Perim

Perim (بريم), also called Mayyun in Arabic, is a Yemeni volcanic island in the Strait of Mandeb at the south entrance into the Red Sea, off the south-west coast of Yemen.

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Philippines

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Pitcairn Islands

The Pitcairn Islands (Pitkern: Pitkern Ailen), officially Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, are a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean that form the sole British Overseas Territory in the Pacific Ocean.

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Policarpo Toro

Policarpo Toro Hurtado (born in Melipilla, Chile on February 6, 1856 – died 1921 in Santiago, Chile) was a Chilean naval officer.

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Police action

In security studies and international relations, a police action is a military action undertaken without a formal declaration of war.

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Porfirio Díaz

José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori (15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as simply Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general, politician, and later dictator who served on three separate occasions as President of Mexico, a total of over 30 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 December 1876, 17 February 1877 to 1 December 1880, and 1 December 1884 to 25 May 1911.

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Power vacuum

In political science and political history, the term power vacuum, also known as a power void, is an analogy between a physical vacuum to the political condition "when someone in a place of power, has lost control of something and no one has replaced them." The situation can occur when a government has no identifiable central power or authority.

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Prussia

Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.

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Puerto Rico

-;.

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Punjab

Punjab (also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb), also known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is specifically located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern-Pakistan and northwestern-India.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.

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Racism

Racism is discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity.

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Regional power

In international relations, regional power, since the late 20thcentury has been used for a sovereign state that exercises significant power within its geographical region.

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Rhodesia

Rhodesia (Rodizha), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979.

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Right of conquest

The right of conquest was historically a right of ownership to land after immediate possession via force of arms.

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Robin Winks

Robin W. Winks (December 5, 1930 in Indiana – April 7, 2003 in New Haven, Connecticut) was an American academic, historian, diplomat, writer on the subject of fiction, especially detective novels, and advocate for the National Parks.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Russian Revolution of 1905

The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, began on 22 January 1905.

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Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Japanese Empire and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire.

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Ryukyu Islands

The, also known as the or the, are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ōsumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni the westernmost.

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Sakhalin

Sakhalin (p) is an island in Northeast Asia.

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Samoan Civil War

The turbulent decades of the late 19th century saw several conflicts between rival Samoan factions in the Samoan Islands of the South Pacific.

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Samoan Islands

The Samoan Islands (Motu o Sāmoa) are an archipelago covering in the central South Pacific, forming part of Polynesia and of the wider region of Oceania.

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San Francisco

San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, financial, and cultural center in Northern California.

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Scramble for Africa

The Scramble for Africa was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the era of "New Imperialism" (1833–1914): Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal and Spain. New Imperialism and Scramble for Africa are European colonisation in Africa and western culture.

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Sea of Japan

The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East.

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Second Boer War

The Second Boer War (Tweede Vryheidsoorlog,, 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and Orange Free State) over the Empire's influence in Southern Africa.

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Second French Empire

The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was an Imperial Bonapartist regime, ruled by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third French Republics.

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Second Opium War

The Second Opium War, also known as the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a colonial war lasting from 1856 to 1860, which pitted United Kingdom, France, and the United States against the Qing dynasty of China.

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Second Samoan Civil War

The Second Samoan Civil War was a conflict that reached a head in 1898 when Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States were locked in dispute over who should have control over the Samoan island chain, located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Self-governance

Self-governance, self-government, self-sovereignty, or self-rule is the ability of a person or group to exercise all necessary functions of regulation without intervention from an external authority.

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Sepoy

Sepoy, related to sipahi, is a term denoting professional Indian infantryman, traditionally armed with a musket, in the armies of the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Army.

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Shaanxi

Shaanxi is an inland province in Northwestern China.

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Shandong

Shandong is a coastal province in East China.

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Shanghai

Shanghai is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China.

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Shanxi

Shanxi is an inland province of China and is part of the North China region.

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Sikh Empire

The Sikh Empire was a regional power based in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Sino-French War

The Sino-French War, also known as the Tonkin War, was a limited conflict fought from August 1884 to April 1885 between the French Third Republic and Qing China for influence in Vietnam. There was no declaration of war. The Chinese armies performed better than in their other nineteenth-century wars. Although French forces emerged victorious from most engagements, the Chinese scored noteworthy successes on land, notably forcing the French to hastily withdraw from occupied Lạng Sơn in the late stages of the war, thus regaining control of the town and its surroundings.

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Social Darwinism is the study and implementation of various pseudoscientific theories and societal practices that purport to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics and politics.

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As a political term, social imperialism is the political ideology of people, parties, or nations that are, according to Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin, "socialist in words, imperialist in deeds".

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Society Islands

The Society Islands (Îles de la Société, officially Archipel de la Société; Tōtaiete mā) are an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean that includes the major islands of Tahiti, Mookinaorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora and Huahine.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

See New Imperialism and South Africa

South African Republic

The South African Republic (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it was annexed into the British Empire as a result of the Second Boer War.

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Soviet empire

The term "Soviet empire" collectively refers to the world's territories that the Soviet Union dominated politically, economically, and militarily.

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976.

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Spanish–American War

The Spanish–American War (April 21 – December 10, 1898) began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.

See New Imperialism and Spanish–American War

Stamford Raffles

Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5July 17815July 1826) was a British colonial official who served as the governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816 and lieutenant-governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824.

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State (polity)

A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a territory.

See New Imperialism and State (polity)

Suez Canal

The Suez Canal (قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest of Egypt).

See New Imperialism and Suez Canal

Sultanate of Lahej

Lahej (لحج), the Sultanate of Lahej (سلطنة لحج), or, sometimes, the Abdali Sultanate (سلطنة العبدلي), was a Sheikdom based in Lahij in Southern Arabia.

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Supremacism

Supremacism is the belief that a certain group of people is superior to all others.

See New Imperialism and Supremacism

Tahiti

Tahiti (Tahitian) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia.

See New Imperialism and Tahiti

Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

See New Imperialism and Taiwan

Taiwan under Japanese rule

The island of Taiwan, together with the Penghu Islands, became an annexed territory of Japan in 1895, when the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province in the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War.

See New Imperialism and Taiwan under Japanese rule

Tariff

A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods.

See New Imperialism and Tariff

Tasmania

Tasmania (palawa kani: lutruwita) is an island state of Australia.

See New Imperialism and Tasmania

Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.

See New Imperialism and Thailand

The Malay Archipelago

The Malay Archipelago is a book by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace which chronicles his scientific exploration, during the eight-year period 1854 to 1862, of the southern portion of the Malay Archipelago including Malaysia, Singapore, the islands of Indonesia, then known as the Dutch East Indies, and the island of New Guinea.

See New Imperialism and The Malay Archipelago

Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or T.R., was an American politician, soldier, conservationist, historian, naturalist, explorer and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909.

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Tianjin

Tianjin is a municipality and metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea.

See New Imperialism and Tianjin

Timeline of European imperialism

This Timeline of European imperialism covers episodes of imperialism outside of Europe by western nations since 1400; for other countries, see. New Imperialism and Timeline of European imperialism are western culture.

See New Imperialism and Timeline of European imperialism

Tirpitz Plan

Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz's design for Germany to achieve world power status through naval power, while at the same time addressing domestic issues, is referred to as the Tirpitz Plan.

See New Imperialism and Tirpitz Plan

Tonga

Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania.

See New Imperialism and Tonga

Treaty of Gulistan

The Treaty of Gulistan (also spelled Golestan: translit; translit) was a peace treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (now in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian War (1804 to 1813).

See New Imperialism and Treaty of Gulistan

Treaty of Nanking

The Treaty of Nanking was an unequal treaty between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China to end the First Opium War (1839–1842), signed on 29 August 1842.

See New Imperialism and Treaty of Nanking

Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)

The Treaty of Saint Petersburg or Treaty of Ili was an unequal treaty between the Russian Empire and the Qing dynasty that was signed in Saint Petersburg, Russia, on.

See New Imperialism and Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)

Treaty of Shimonoseki

The, also known as the Treaty of Maguan in China and in the period before and during World War II in Japan, was an unequal treaty signed at the hotel, Shimonoseki, Japan on April 17, 1895, between the Empire of Japan and Qing China, ending the First Sino-Japanese War.

See New Imperialism and Treaty of Shimonoseki

Treaty of Tientsin

The Treaty of Tientsin, also known as the Treaty of Tianjin, is a collective name for several unequal treaties signed at Tianjin (then romanized as Tientsin) in June 1858.

See New Imperialism and Treaty of Tientsin

Treaty ports

Treaty ports (条約港) were the port cities in China and Japan that were opened to foreign trade mainly by the unequal treaties forced upon them by Western powers, as well as cities in Korea opened up similarly by the Qing dynasty of China (before the First Sino-Japanese War) and the Empire of Japan.

See New Imperialism and Treaty ports

Tributary system of China

The tributary system of China, or Cefeng system at its height was a network of loose international relations centered around China which facilitated trade and foreign relations by acknowledging China's hegemonic role within a Sinocentric world order.

See New Imperialism and Tributary system of China

Triple Entente

The Triple Entente (from French entente meaning "friendship, understanding, agreement") describes the informal understanding between the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

See New Imperialism and Triple Entente

Tunisia

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

See New Imperialism and Tunisia

Unequal treaties

The unequal treaties were a series of agreements made between Asian countries (including China and Korea) and foreign powers (including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States, Russia, and Japan) during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

See New Imperialism and Unequal treaties

Unification of Germany

The unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).

See New Imperialism and Unification of Germany

Unification of Italy

The unification of Italy (Unità d'Italia), also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 resulted in the consolidation of various states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy.

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Union of South Africa

The Union of South Africa (Unie van Zuid-Afrika; Unie van Suid-Afrika) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa.

See New Imperialism and Union of South Africa

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.

See New Imperialism and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See New Imperialism and United States

Valparaíso

Valparaíso is a major city, commune, seaport and naval base facility in Valparaíso Region, Chile.

See New Imperialism and Valparaíso

Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

See New Imperialism and Venezuela

Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903

The Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903 was a naval blockade imposed against Venezuela by Great Britain, Germany, and Italy from December 1902 to February 1903, after President Cipriano Castro refused to pay foreign debts and damages suffered by European citizens in recent Venezuelan civil wars.

See New Imperialism and Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903

Viceroys in China

Zongdu (Tsung-tu;; Manchu:; usually translated as Governor-General or Viceroy) were the managers supervising provincial governors in Ming and Qing China.

See New Imperialism and Viceroys in China

Victor Emmanuel III

Victor Emmanuel III (11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947), born Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia, was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946.

See New Imperialism and Victor Emmanuel III

Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.

See New Imperialism and Vietnam

Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

See New Imperialism and Vladimir Lenin

War of the Pacific

The War of the Pacific (Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Nitrate War (Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884.

See New Imperialism and War of the Pacific

Western Europe

Western Europe is the western region of Europe.

See New Imperialism and Western Europe

Western imperialism in Asia

The influence and imperialism of Western Europe and associated states (such as Russia, Japan, and the United States) peaked in Asian territories from the colonial period beginning in the 16th century and substantially reducing with 20th century decolonization. New Imperialism and Western imperialism in Asia are western culture.

See New Imperialism and Western imperialism in Asia

Wilhelmina of the Netherlands

Wilhelmina (Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948.

See New Imperialism and Wilhelmina of the Netherlands

Willard A. Hanna

Willard Anderson Hanna (August 3, 1911 – October 5, 1993) was an American writer of Southeast Asian history and works of fiction as well as a teacher.

See New Imperialism and Willard A. Hanna

Williamson-Balfour Company

The Williamson-Balfour Company (or Williamson, Balfour and Company) was a Scottish owned Chilean company.

See New Imperialism and Williamson-Balfour Company

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See New Imperialism and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See New Imperialism and World War II

Xenophobia

Xenophobia (from ξένος (xénos), "strange, foreign, or alien", and (phóbos), "fear") is the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange.

See New Imperialism and Xenophobia

Xinjiang

Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.

See New Imperialism and Xinjiang

Zanzibar

Zanzibar is an insular semi-autonomous region which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.

See New Imperialism and Zanzibar

13th Dalai Lama

Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal, abbreviated to Thubten Gyatso (12 February 1876 – 17 December 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet, enthroned during a turbulent era and the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.

See New Imperialism and 13th Dalai Lama

See also

19th century

• 1800s
• 1810s
• 1820s
• 1830s
• 1840s
• 1850s
• 1860s
• 1880s
• 1890s
• 1900s
• 19th century
• 19th century in games
• 19th century in music
• 19th century in philosophy
• 19th century in religion
• 19th century in science
• 19th-century fashion
• Age of Enlightenment
• Age of Sail
• Armazine
• Belle Époque
• Brazilian Belle Époque
• Dalton Minimum
• Dark Romanticism
• List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century
• List of political entities in the 19th century
• Long nineteenth century
• Lost Generation
• Neo-Babouvism
• New Imperialism
• Pompeian red
• Racial century
• Retreat of glaciers since 1850
• Romanticism
• Singing bird box
• The Babin Republic
• Timeline of the 19th century
• Utopian socialism
• Women's suffrage in film

European colonisation in Africa

• Africa–Europe relations
• African Origins
• African independence movements
• Agadir Crisis
• Assault on Osu
• Atlantic slave trade
• Berlin Conference
• Bombardment of Casablanca
• Christian Thams
• Colonial Africa
• Colonisation of Africa
• Colonization of the Congo Basin
• Curonian colonisation
• Danish Gold Coast
• Decolonisation of Africa
• European enclaves in North Africa before 1830
• European exploration of Africa
• Fashoda Incident
• Gentlemanly capitalism
• German attempts to colonise the Somali Coast
• German colonial projects before 1871
• History of Seychelles
• Igbo people in the Atlantic slave trade
• Jellaz Affair
• List of African dependencies
• List of European colonies in Africa
• List of colonial governors and administrators of Seychelles
• List of colonial governors of the Danish Gold Coast
• Loango slavery harbour
• Maafa
• Military history of Africa
• Neocolonialism
• New Imperialism
• Sagallo
• Scramble for Africa
• Spanish Africa
• Suez Crisis
• Thala-Kasserine Disturbances
• Tunis tram boycott
• Uganda Martyrs
• Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database
• Wars of national liberation
• White Africans of European ancestry
• White settlement in Zimbabwe before 1923

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Imperialism

Also known as Age of New Imperialism, Causes of Imperialism, Causes of New Imperialism, High Imperialism, History of New Imperialism, Imperial rivalry, Industrial imperialism, Neo Imperialism, Neo Imperialist, Neo-imperial, Neo-imperialism, Neoimperialism, Neoimperialist, New Imperialism (1871-1914), New Imperialisms, New Imperialist, New Imperialistic, New Imperialists, New Imperialsm, Rise of the New Imperialism, Second European colonisation wave, Second European colonization wave, Second European colonization wave (19th century - 20th century), Second European colonization wave (19th century-20th century), Second wave of European colonisation, The Second European colonization wave, The Second European colonization wave (19th-20th century), The rise of the New Imperialism, The transition from informal control to formal rule.

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