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Nicole Oresme, the Glossary

Index Nicole Oresme

Nicole Oresme (1 January 1325 – 11 July 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a French philosopher of the later Middle Ages.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 110 relations: Absolute monarchy, Air (classical element), Albert of Saxony (philosopher), Albertus Magnus, Alfred Espinas, Anachronism, Ancient Diocese of Lisieux, Aristotle, Astrological aspect, Astrology, Astronomy, Axial precession, Caen, Cathedral, Catholic Church, Celestial spheres, Charles V of France, Charles VI of France, Christine de Pizan, Circle, College of Navarre, Common good, Conjunction (astronomy), Coordinate system, Curvature, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Divergent series, Earth (classical element), Earth's rotation, Economics, Economics (Aristotle), Economy, Fleury-sur-Orne, Free will, Galileo Galilei, George O'Brien (Irish politician), Gloss (annotation), Government, Grand Conseil, Hans Blumenberg, Harmonic series (mathematics), Henry Dunning Macleod, Henry of Langenstein, History of science, Humorism, Ibn al-Haytham, Integral test for convergence, Irrational number, Jean Buridan, Jean Gerson, ... Expand index (60 more) »

  2. 14th-century French Roman Catholic bishops
  3. 14th-century French mathematicians
  4. 14th-century Normans
  5. Bishops of Lisieux
  6. Medieval physicists

Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.

See Nicole Oresme and Absolute monarchy

Air (classical element)

Air or Wind is one of the four classical elements along with water, earth and fire in ancient Greek philosophy and in Western alchemy.

See Nicole Oresme and Air (classical element)

Albert of Saxony (philosopher)

Albert of Saxony (Latin: Albertus de Saxonia; c. 1320 – 8 July 1390) was a German philosopher and mathematician known for his contributions to logic and physics. Nicole Oresme and Albert of Saxony (philosopher) are 14th-century writers in Latin, Catholic clergy scientists and medieval physicists.

See Nicole Oresme and Albert of Saxony (philosopher)

Albertus Magnus

Albertus Magnus (– 15 November 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great, Albert of Swabia or Albert of Cologne, was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop, considered one of the greatest medieval philosophers and thinkers. Nicole Oresme and Albertus Magnus are Catholic clergy scientists.

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Alfred Espinas

Alfred Victor Espinas (23 May 1844 – 24 February 1922) was a French thinker noted for having been an influence on Nietzsche.

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Anachronism

An anachronism (from the Greek ἀνά ana, 'against' and χρόνος khronos, 'time') is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of people, events, objects, language terms and customs from different time periods.

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Ancient Diocese of Lisieux

The Diocese of Lisieux was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in France, centered on Lisieux, in Calvados.

See Nicole Oresme and Ancient Diocese of Lisieux

Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.

See Nicole Oresme and Aristotle

Astrological aspect

In astrology, an aspect is an angle that planets make to each other in the horoscope; as well as to the Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant, Lower Midheaven, and other points of astrological interest.

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Astrology

Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects.

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Astronomy

Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos.

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Axial precession

In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis.

See Nicole Oresme and Axial precession

Caen

Caen (Kaem) is a commune inland from the northwestern coast of France.

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Cathedral

A cathedral is a church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Celestial spheres

The celestial spheres, or celestial orbs, were the fundamental entities of the cosmological models developed by Plato, Eudoxus, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus, and others.

See Nicole Oresme and Celestial spheres

Charles V of France

Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise (le Sage; Sapiens), was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380.

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Charles VI of France

Charles VI (3 December 136821 October 1422), nicknamed the Beloved (le Bien-Aimé) and in the 19th century, the Mad (le Fol or le Fou), was King of France from 1380 until his death in 1422.

See Nicole Oresme and Charles VI of France

Christine de Pizan

Christine de Pizan or Pisan (born Cristina da Pizzano; September 1364 –), was an Italian-born French poet and court writer for King Charles VI of France and several French dukes.

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Circle

A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre.

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College of Navarre

The College of Navarre (Collège de Navarre) was one of the colleges of the historic University of Paris, rivaling the Sorbonne and renowned for its library.

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Common good

In philosophy, economics, and political science, the common good (also commonwealth, general welfare, or public benefit) is either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service.

See Nicole Oresme and Common good

Conjunction (astronomy)

In astronomy, a conjunction occurs when two astronomical objects or spacecraft appear to be close to each other in the sky.

See Nicole Oresme and Conjunction (astronomy)

Coordinate system

In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space.

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Curvature

In mathematics, curvature is any of several strongly related concepts in geometry that intuitively measure the amount by which a curve deviates from being a straight line or by which a surface deviates from being a plane.

See Nicole Oresme and Curvature

Dictionary of Scientific Biography

The Dictionary of Scientific Biography is a scholarly reference work that was published from 1970 through 1980 by publisher Charles Scribner's Sons, with main editor the science historian Charles Gillispie, from Princeton University.

See Nicole Oresme and Dictionary of Scientific Biography

Divergent series

In mathematics, a divergent series is an infinite series that is not convergent, meaning that the infinite sequence of the partial sums of the series does not have a finite limit.

See Nicole Oresme and Divergent series

Earth (classical element)

Earth is one of the classical elements, in some systems being one of the four along with air, fire, and water.

See Nicole Oresme and Earth (classical element)

Earth's rotation

Earth's rotation or Earth's spin is the rotation of planet Earth around its own axis, as well as changes in the orientation of the rotation axis in space.

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Economics

Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Economics (Aristotle)

The Economics (Οἰκονομικά; Oeconomica) is a work ascribed to Aristotle.

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Economy

An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services.

See Nicole Oresme and Economy

Fleury-sur-Orne

Fleury-sur-Orne (literally Fleury on Orne) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

See Nicole Oresme and Fleury-sur-Orne

Free will

Free will is the capacity or ability to choose between different possible courses of action.

See Nicole Oresme and Free will

Galileo Galilei

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.

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George O'Brien (Irish politician)

George Augustine Thomas O'Brien (26 January 1892 – 31 December 1973) was an Irish politician, economist and academic.

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Gloss (annotation)

A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal or interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text.

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Government

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.

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Grand Conseil

The term Grand Conseil or Great Council refers two different institutions during the Ancien Régime in France.

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Hans Blumenberg

Hans Blumenberg (born 13 July 1920, Lübeck – 28 March 1996, Altenberge) was a German philosopher and intellectual historian.

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Harmonic series (mathematics)

In mathematics, the harmonic series is the infinite series formed by summing all positive unit fractions: \sum_^\infty\frac.

See Nicole Oresme and Harmonic series (mathematics)

Henry Dunning Macleod

Henry Dunning Macleod (31 March 1821 – 16 July 1902) was a Scottish economist and lawyer.

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Henry of Langenstein

Henry of Langenstein, also known as Henry of Hesse the Elder (Heinrich von Langenstein; born Heinrich Heinbuche; c. 1325 – 11 February 1397), was a German scholastic philosopher, theologian and mathematician. Nicole Oresme and Henry of Langenstein are 1320s births and 14th-century writers in Latin.

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History of science

The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present.

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Humorism

Humorism, the humoral theory, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.

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Ibn al-Haytham

Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized as Alhazen;; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq. Nicole Oresme and Ibn al-Haytham are medieval physicists.

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Integral test for convergence

In mathematics, the integral test for convergence is a method used to test infinite series of monotonous terms for convergence.

See Nicole Oresme and Integral test for convergence

Irrational number

In mathematics, the irrational numbers (in- + rational) are all the real numbers that are not rational numbers.

See Nicole Oresme and Irrational number

Jean Buridan

Jean Buridan (Latin: Johannes Buridanus; –) was an influential 14thcentury French philosopher. Nicole Oresme and Jean Buridan are 14th-century writers in Latin, Catholic clergy scientists and medieval physicists.

See Nicole Oresme and Jean Buridan

Jean Gerson

Jean Charlier de Gerson (13 December 1363 – 12 July 1429) was a French scholar, educator, reformer, and poet, Chancellor of the University of Paris, a guiding light of the conciliar movement and one of the most prominent theologians at the Council of Constance.

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John Peckham

John Peckham (c. 1230 – 8 December 1292) was a Franciscan friar and Archbishop of Canterbury in the years 1279–1292. Nicole Oresme and John Peckham are Catholic clergy scientists.

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King

King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Law

Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate.

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Lisieux

Lisieux is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

See Nicole Oresme and Lisieux

List of Catholic clergy scientists

This is a list of Catholic clergy throughout history who have made contributions to science. Nicole Oresme and list of Catholic clergy scientists are Catholic clergy scientists.

See Nicole Oresme and List of Catholic clergy scientists

List of French monarchs

France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.

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Lower Normandy

Lower Normandy (Basse-Normandie,; Basse-Normaundie) is a former administrative region of France.

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Marshall Clagett

Marshall Clagett (January 23, 1916, Washington, D.C. – October 21, 2005, Princeton, New Jersey) was an American historian of science who specialized in medieval science.

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Marsilius of Inghen

Marsilius of Inghen (c. 1340 – 20 August 1396) was a medieval Dutch Scholastic philosopher who studied with Albert of Saxony and Nicole Oresme under Jean Buridan. Nicole Oresme and Marsilius of Inghen are 14th-century writers in Latin and medieval physicists.

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Marsilius of Padua

Marsilius of Padua (Italian: Marsilio da Padova; born Marsilio Mainardi, Marsilio de i Mainardini or Marsilio Mainardini; c. 1270 – c. 1342) was an Italian scholar, trained in medicine, who practiced a variety of professions. Nicole Oresme and Marsilius of Padua are 14th-century writers in Latin.

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Master of Arts

A Master of Arts (Magister Artium or Artium Magister; abbreviated MA or AM) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries.

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Mathematics

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.

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Mean speed theorem

The mean speed theorem, also known as the Merton rule of uniform acceleration, was discovered in the 14th century by the Oxford Calculators of Merton College, and was proved by Nicole Oresme.

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Medieval philosophy

Medieval philosophy is the philosophy that existed through the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century until after the Renaissance in the 13th and 14th centuries.

See Nicole Oresme and Medieval philosophy

Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Middle French

Middle French (moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th century.

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Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication.

See Nicole Oresme and Monarchy

Natural philosophy

Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe.

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Nicomachean Ethics

The Nicomachean Ethics (Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is among Aristotle's best-known works on ethics: the science of the good for human life, that which is the goal or end at which all our actions aim.

See Nicole Oresme and Nicomachean Ethics

Nominalism

In metaphysics, nominalism is the view that universals and abstract objects do not actually exist other than being merely names or labels.

See Nicole Oresme and Nominalism

Normandy

Normandy (Normandie; Normaundie, Nouormandie; from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy.

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Opposition (astronomy)

In positional astronomy, two astronomical objects are said to be in opposition when they are on opposite sides of the celestial sphere, as observed from a given body (usually Earth).

See Nicole Oresme and Opposition (astronomy)

Order of succession

An order, line or right of succession is the line of individuals necessitated to hold a high office when it becomes vacated, such as head of state or an honour such as a title of nobility.

See Nicole Oresme and Order of succession

Oresme (crater)

Oblique Lunar Orbiter 2 view, facing south Oresme is a crater on the Moon's far side.

See Nicole Oresme and Oresme (crater)

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

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Pension

A pension is a fund into which amounts are paid regularly during an individual's working career, and from which periodic payments are made to support the person's retirement from work.

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People

A people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole.

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Peter of Auvergne

Peter of Auvergne (died 1304) was a French philosopher and theologian.

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Philosophy

Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Pietro Mengoli

Pietro Mengoli (1626, Bologna – June 7, 1686, Bologna) was an Italian mathematician and clergyman from Bologna, where he studied with Bonaventura Cavalieri at the University of Bologna, and succeeded him in 1647. Nicole Oresme and Pietro Mengoli are Catholic clergy scientists.

See Nicole Oresme and Pietro Mengoli

Politics (Aristotle)

Politics (Πολιτικά, Politiká) is a work of political philosophy by Aristotle, a 4th-century BC Greek philosopher.

See Nicole Oresme and Politics (Aristotle)

Popular sovereignty is the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy.

See Nicole Oresme and Popular sovereignty

Power of two

A power of two is a number of the form where is an integer, that is, the result of exponentiation with number two as the base and integer as the exponent.

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Public participation (decision making)

Citizen participation or public participation in social science refers to different mechanisms for the public to express opinions—and ideally exert influence—regarding political, economic, management or other social decisions.

See Nicole Oresme and Public participation (decision making)

Regent

In a monarchy, a regent is a person appointed to govern a state for the time being because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been determined.

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Regent master

Regent master (Magister regens) was a title conferred in the medieval universities upon a student who had acquired a master's degree.

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Right of revolution

In political philosophy, the right of revolution (or right of rebellion) is the right or duty of a people to "alter or abolish" a government that acts against their common interests or threatens the safety of the people without justifiable cause.

See Nicole Oresme and Right of revolution

Robert Grosseteste

Robert Grosseteste (Robertus Grosseteste; 8 or 9 October 1253), also known as Robert Greathead or Robert of Lincoln, was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist and Bishop of Lincoln. Nicole Oresme and Robert Grosseteste are Catholic clergy scientists and medieval physicists.

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Roger Bacon

Roger Bacon (Rogerus or Rogerius Baconus, Baconis, also Rogerus), also known by the scholastic accolade Doctor Mirabilis, was a medieval English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empiricism. Nicole Oresme and Roger Bacon are Catholic clergy scientists.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux and Lisieux

The Diocese of Bayeux and Lisieux (Latin: Dioecesis Baiocensis et Lexoviensis; French: Diocèse de Bayeux et Lisieux) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in France.

See Nicole Oresme and Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux and Lisieux

Roman law

Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables, to the (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.

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Rouen

Rouen is a city on the River Seine in northern France.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication.

See Nicole Oresme and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Symbol

A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship.

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Theology

Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity.

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Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas (Aquino; – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and priest, an influential philosopher and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.

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Translation

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.

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Tyrant

A tyrant, in the modern English usage of the word, is an absolute ruler who is unrestrained by law, or one who has usurped a legitimate ruler's sovereignty.

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University of Paris

The University of Paris (Université de Paris), known metonymically as the Sorbonne, was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution.

See Nicole Oresme and University of Paris

Victor Brants

Victor Leopold Jacques Louis Brants (1856–1917) was a Belgian economic and social historian, professor at the Catholic University of Leuven.

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Vitello

Vitello (Witelon; Witelo; – 1280/1314) was a Polish friar, theologian, natural philosopher and an important figure in the history of philosophy in Poland. Nicole Oresme and Vitello are Catholic clergy scientists.

See Nicole Oresme and Vitello

Water (classical element)

Water is one of the classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy along with air, earth and fire, in the Asian Indian system Panchamahabhuta, and in the Chinese cosmological and physiological system Wu Xing.

See Nicole Oresme and Water (classical element)

Western philosophy

Western philosophy, the part of philosophical thought and work of the Western world.

See Nicole Oresme and Western philosophy

Wilhelm Endemann

Wilhelm Endemann (24 April 1825, in Marburg – 13 June 1899, in Cassel) was a German jurist.

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Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscher

Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscher (21 October 18174 June 1894) was a German economist from Hanover.

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William Cunningham (economist)

William Cunningham (29 December 184910 June 1919) was a Scottish economic historian and Anglican priest.

See Nicole Oresme and William Cunningham (economist)

William of Ockham

William of Ockham or Occam (Gulielmus Occamus; 1287 – 10 April 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and Catholic theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. Nicole Oresme and William of Ockham are 14th-century writers in Latin and Catholic clergy scientists.

See Nicole Oresme and William of Ockham

Zodiac

The zodiac is a belt-shaped region of the sky that extends approximately 8° north and south (as measured in celestial latitude) of the ecliptic, the apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere over the course of the year.

See Nicole Oresme and Zodiac

See also

14th-century French Roman Catholic bishops

14th-century French mathematicians

14th-century Normans

Bishops of Lisieux

Medieval physicists

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Oresme

Also known as Nicholas Oresme, Nicholas Oresmus, Nicholas of Oresme, Nicolas Oresme, Nicolas d’Oresme, Nicolas of Oresme, Nicolaus Oresme, Nicolaus von Oresme, Nicole d' Oresme, Nicole d'Oresme, Oresme, Oresme, Nicole.

, John Peckham, King, Latin, Law, Lisieux, List of Catholic clergy scientists, List of French monarchs, Lower Normandy, Marshall Clagett, Marsilius of Inghen, Marsilius of Padua, Master of Arts, Mathematics, Mean speed theorem, Medieval philosophy, Middle Ages, Middle French, Monarchy, Natural philosophy, Nicomachean Ethics, Nominalism, Normandy, Opposition (astronomy), Order of succession, Oresme (crater), Paris, Pension, People, Peter of Auvergne, Philosophy, Physics, Pietro Mengoli, Politics (Aristotle), Popular sovereignty, Power of two, Public participation (decision making), Regent, Regent master, Right of revolution, Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux and Lisieux, Roman law, Rouen, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Symbol, Theology, Thomas Aquinas, Translation, Tyrant, University of Paris, Victor Brants, Vitello, Water (classical element), Western philosophy, Wilhelm Endemann, Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscher, William Cunningham (economist), William of Ockham, Zodiac.