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Non-homologous end joining, the Glossary

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA.^[1]

58 relations: Aprataxin, Artemis (protein), B cell, B-cell receptor, Bacillus subtilis, Bacteriophage, BRCA1, BRCA2, Chromosomal translocation, Cyclin-dependent kinase, Cyclin-dependent kinase 1, CYREN (protein), DNA damage theory of aging, DNA end resection, DNA ligase 4, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase mu, DNA repair protein XRCC4, DNA-PKcs, Escherichia coli, Fanconi anemia, G1 phase, G2 phase, Homologous recombination, Homology directed repair, Horizontal gene transfer, Immune system, Knockout mouse, Ku (protein), Ku70, Ku80, LigD, Mammal, Microhomology-mediated end joining, MRN complex, MRX complex, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neoplasm, Nibrin, Non-homologous end-joining factor 1, Nova Science Publishers, PNKP, Protein, Recombination-activating gene, S phase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sequence homology, Severe combined immunodeficiency, Sirtuin 1, ... Expand index (8 more) »
Telomeres

Aprataxin

Aprataxin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APTX gene.

See Non-homologous end joining and Aprataxin

Artemis (protein)

Artemis is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCLRE1C (DNA cross-link repair 1C) gene.

See Non-homologous end joining and Artemis (protein)

B cell

B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.

See Non-homologous end joining and B cell

B-cell receptor

The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell.

See Non-homologous end joining and B-cell receptor

Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges.

See Non-homologous end joining and Bacillus subtilis

Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.

See Non-homologous end joining and Bacteriophage

BRCA1

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1 gene. Non-homologous end joining and BRCA1 are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and BRCA1

BRCA2

BRCA2 and BRCA2 are human genes and their protein products, respectively. Non-homologous end joining and BRCA2 are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and BRCA2

Chromosomal translocation

In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes.

See Non-homologous end joining and Chromosomal translocation

Cyclin-dependent kinase

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a predominant group of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and its progression, ensuring the integrity and functionality of cellular machinery.

See Non-homologous end joining and Cyclin-dependent kinase

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 also known as CDK1 or cell division cycle protein 2 homolog is a highly conserved protein that functions as a serine/threonine protein kinase, and is a key player in cell cycle regulation.

See Non-homologous end joining and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1

CYREN (protein)

Cell cycle regulator of non-homologous end joining is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYREN gene. Non-homologous end joining and CYREN (protein) are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and CYREN (protein)

DNA damage theory of aging

The DNA damage theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of unrepaired accumulation of naturally occurring DNA damage.

See Non-homologous end joining and DNA damage theory of aging

DNA end resection

DNA end resection, also called 5′–3′ degradation, is a biochemical process where the blunt end of a section of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is modified by cutting away some nucleotides from the 5' end to produce a 3' single-stranded sequence. Non-homologous end joining and DNA end resection are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and DNA end resection

DNA ligase 4

DNA ligase 4 also DNA ligase IV, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIG4 gene. Non-homologous end joining and DNA ligase 4 are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and DNA ligase 4

DNA polymerase lambda

DNA polymerase lambda, also known as Pol λ, is an enzyme found in all eukaryotes. Non-homologous end joining and DNA polymerase lambda are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and DNA polymerase lambda

DNA polymerase mu

DNA polymerase mu is a polymerase enzyme found in eukaryotes. Non-homologous end joining and DNA polymerase mu are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and DNA polymerase mu

DNA repair protein XRCC4

DNA repair protein XRCC4 (hXRCC4) also known as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRCC4 gene. Non-homologous end joining and DNA repair protein XRCC4 are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and DNA repair protein XRCC4

DNA-PKcs

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, also known as DNA-PKcs, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks and has a number of other DNA housekeeping functions.

See Non-homologous end joining and DNA-PKcs

Escherichia coli

Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.

See Non-homologous end joining and Escherichia coli

Fanconi anemia

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetic disease resulting in impaired response to DNA damage in the FA/BRCA pathway.

See Non-homologous end joining and Fanconi anemia

G1 phase

The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division.

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G2 phase

G2 phase, Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis.

See Non-homologous end joining and G2 phase

Homologous recombination

Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses). Non-homologous end joining and Homologous recombination are DNA repair and telomeres.

See Non-homologous end joining and Homologous recombination

Homology directed repair

Homology-directed repair (HDR) is a mechanism in cells to repair double-strand DNA lesions. Non-homologous end joining and Homology directed repair are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and Homology directed repair

Horizontal gene transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction).

See Non-homologous end joining and Horizontal gene transfer

Immune system

The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases.

See Non-homologous end joining and Immune system

Knockout mouse

A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse (Mus musculus) in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out", an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA.

See Non-homologous end joining and Knockout mouse

Ku (protein)

Ku is a dimeric protein complex that binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. Non-homologous end joining and Ku (protein) are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and Ku (protein)

Ku70

Ku70 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XRCC6 gene.

See Non-homologous end joining and Ku70

Ku80

Ku80 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XRCC5 gene.

See Non-homologous end joining and Ku80

LigD

LigD is a multifunctional ligase/polymerase/nuclease (3'-phosphoesterase) found in bacterial non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair systems. Non-homologous end joining and ligD are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and LigD

Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

See Non-homologous end joining and Mammal

Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), also known as alternative nonhomologous end-joining (Alt-NHEJ) is one of the pathways for repairing double-strand breaks in DNA. Non-homologous end joining and Microhomology-mediated end joining are DNA repair.

See Non-homologous end joining and Microhomology-mediated end joining

MRN complex

The MRN complex (MRX complex in yeast) is a protein complex consisting of Mre11, Rad50 and Nbs1 (also known as Nibrin in humans and as Xrs2 in yeast).

See Non-homologous end joining and MRN complex

MRX complex

The MRX complex is a heterotrimeric protein complex consisting of Mre11, Rad50, and Xrs2.

See Non-homologous end joining and MRX complex

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium smegmatis is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinomycetota and the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

See Non-homologous end joining and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Neoplasm

A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

See Non-homologous end joining and Neoplasm

Nibrin

Nibrin, also known as NBN or NBS1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NBN gene.

See Non-homologous end joining and Nibrin

Non-homologous end-joining factor 1

Non-homologous end-joining factor 1 (NHEJ1), also known as Cernunnos or XRCC4-like factor (XLF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NHEJ1 gene.

See Non-homologous end joining and Non-homologous end-joining factor 1

Nova Science Publishers

Nova Science Publishers is an academic publisher of books, encyclopedias, handbooks, e-books and journals, based in Hauppauge, New York.

See Non-homologous end joining and Nova Science Publishers

PNKP

Bifunctional polynucleotide phosphatase/kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PNKP gene.

See Non-homologous end joining and PNKP

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

See Non-homologous end joining and Protein

Recombination-activating gene

The recombination-activating genes (RAGs) encode parts of a protein complex that plays important roles in the rearrangement and recombination of the genes encoding immunoglobulin and T cell receptor molecules.

See Non-homologous end joining and Recombination-activating gene

S phase

S phase (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase.

See Non-homologous end joining and S phase

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms).

See Non-homologous end joining and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Sequence homology

Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life.

See Non-homologous end joining and Sequence homology

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), also known as Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the disturbed development of functional T cells and B cells caused by numerous genetic mutations that result in differing clinical presentations.

See Non-homologous end joining and Severe combined immunodeficiency

Sirtuin 1

Sirtuin 1, also known as NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIRT1 gene.

See Non-homologous end joining and Sirtuin 1

Sticky and blunt ends

DNA ends refer to the properties of the ends of linear DNA molecules, which in molecular biology are described as "sticky" or "blunt" based on the shape of the complementary strands at the terminus.

See Non-homologous end joining and Sticky and blunt ends

T cell

T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response.

See Non-homologous end joining and T cell

T-cell receptor

The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells, or T lymphocytes, that is responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.

See Non-homologous end joining and T-cell receptor

Telomere

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Non-homologous end joining and telomere are telomeres.

See Non-homologous end joining and Telomere

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), also known as DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) or terminal transferase, is a specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells.

See Non-homologous end joining and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-homologous_end_joining

Also known as NHEJ, Non-homologous end-joining, Nonhomologous end joining.

, Sticky and blunt ends, T cell, T-cell receptor, Telomere, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, V(D)J recombination, Vertebrate, Yeast.

Non-homologous end joining, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Telomeres

References