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Northeastern Army, the Glossary

The Northeastern Army, also known as the Fengtian Army (see terminology), was a Chinese army that existed from 1911 to 1937.^[1]

193 relations: Abingdon-on-Thames, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, Allies of World War I, Anhui clique, Anti-Fengtian War, Arisaka, Army, Atglen, Pennsylvania, Banditry, Baoding Military Academy, Barnsley, Battle of Rehe, Beijing, Beijing Coup, Beijing–Hankou railway, Beijing–Zhangjiakou Railway, Beiyang Army, Beiyang government, Boxer Protocol, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Canton–Hong Kong strike, Cao Kun, Central Plains War, Chang Yinhuai, Chaoyang, Liaoning, Chiang Kai-shek, Chief of staff, China during World War I, China proper, Chinese Civil War, Chinese Communist Party, Chinese Eastern Railway, Chinese Red Army, Chu Yupu, Constitutional Protection Movement, Counter-Japanese resistance volunteers in China, Defense of the Great Wall, Dingzhou, Duan Qirui, Empire of Japan, Encirclement campaigns (Chinese Civil War), Enfilade and defilade, Europe, Feng Yuxiang, Fengtian clique, Field gun, First Zhili–Fengtian War, Flag of the Republic of China, French Third Republic, Gansu, ... Expand index (143 more) »
1910s in China
1920s in China
1930s in China
Factions in the Kuomintang
Military history of Manchuria
Military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
Military of the Republic of China
National Revolutionary Army
Northern Expedition
Warlord Era
Warlordism

Abingdon-on-Thames

Abingdon-on-Thames, commonly known as Abingdon, is a historic market town and civil parish on the River Thames in the Vale of the White Horse district of Oxfordshire, England.

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Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

The Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War consisted of a series of multi-national military expeditions that began in 1918.

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The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).

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Anhui clique

The Anhui clique was a military and political organization, one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang clique in the Republic of China's Warlord Era.

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Anti-Fengtian War

The Anti-Fengtian War was the last major civil war within the Republic of China's northern Beiyang government prior to the Northern Expedition. Northeastern Army and Anti-Fengtian War are military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949).

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Arisaka

The Arisaka rifle (Arisaka-jū) is a family of Japanese military bolt-action service rifles, which were produced and used since approximately 1897, when it replaced the Murata rifle (村田銃) family, until the end of World War II in 1945.

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Army

An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land.

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Atglen, Pennsylvania

Atglen is a borough in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Banditry

Banditry is a type of organized crime committed by outlaws typically involving the threat or use of violence.

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Baoding Military Academy

Baoding Military Academy or Paoting Military Academy was a military academy based in Baoding, during the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China, in the first two decades of the 20th century. Northeastern Army and Baoding Military Academy are military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949).

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Barnsley

Barnsley is a market town in South Yorkshire, England.

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Battle of Rehe

The Battle of Rehe (sometimes called the Battle of Jehol) was the second part of Operation Nekka, a campaign by which the Empire of Japan successfully captured the Inner Mongolian province of Rehe from the Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang and annexed it to the new state of Manchukuo.

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Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

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Beijing Coup

The Beijing Coup was the October 1924 coup d'état by Feng Yuxiang against Chinese President Cao Kun, leader of the Zhili warlord faction. Northeastern Army and Beijing Coup are warlord Era.

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Beijing–Hankou railway

The Beijing–Hankou or Jinghan railway, also Peking–Hankow railway, was the former name of the railway in China from Beijing to Hankou, on the northern bank of the Yangtze River.

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Beijing–Zhangjiakou Railway

The Beijing–Zhangjiakou Railway or Jingzhang Railway, also known as the Imperial Peking–Kalgan Railway, is China’s first railway that has been designed and built solely by Chinese, situated in the nation’s capital Beijing and Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province.

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Beiyang Army

The Beiyang Army, named after the Beiyang region,Hong Zhang (2019). Northeastern Army and Beiyang Army are warlord Era.

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Beiyang government

The Beiyang government was the internationally recognized government of the Republic of China between 1912 and 1928, based in Beijing. Northeastern Army and Beiyang government are 1910s in China, 1920s in China and warlord Era.

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Boxer Protocol

The Boxer Protocol was a diplomatic protocol signed in China's capital Beijing on September 7, 1901, between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance that had provided military forces (including France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Japan, Russia, and the United States) as well as Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands, after China's defeat in the intervention to put down the Boxer Rebellion.

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Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.

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Canton–Hong Kong strike

The Canton–Hong Kong strike was a strike and boycott that took place in British Hong Kong and Guangzhou (Canton), Republic of China, from June 1925 to October 1926.

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Cao Kun

General Cao Kun (courtesy name: Zhongshan (仲珊)) (December 12, 1862 – May 15, 1938) was a Chinese warlord and politician, who served as the President of the Republic of China from 1923 to 1924, as well as the military leader of the Zhili clique in the Beiyang Army; he also served as a trustee of the Catholic University of Peking.

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Central Plains War

The Central Plains War was a series of military campaigns in 1929 and 1930 that constituted a Chinese civil war between the Nationalist Kuomintang government in Nanjing led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and several regional military commanders and warlords who were former allies of Chiang. Northeastern Army and Central Plains War are warlord Era.

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Chang Yinhuai

Chang Yinhuai (1876–1888 - 1929) was a Chinese statesman and general active during the Warlord Era working under the Fengtian clique.

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Chaoyang, Liaoning

Chaoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Liaoning province, People's Republic of China.

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Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 18875 April 1975) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and military commander.

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Chief of staff

The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization such as the armed forces, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide-de-camp to an important individual, such as a president, or a senior military officer, or leader of a large organization.

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China during World War I

China participated in World War I from 1917 to 1918 in an alliance with the Entente Powers.

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China proper

China proper, also called Inner China are terms used primarily in the West in reference to the traditional "core" regions of China centered in the southeast.

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Chinese Civil War

The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a communist victory and control of mainland China. Northeastern Army and Chinese Civil War are 1920s in China, 1930s in China and military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949).

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Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Northeastern Army and Chinese Communist Party are Chinese Civil War.

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Chinese Eastern Railway

The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (Китайско-Восточная железная дорога, or КВЖД, Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga or KVZhD), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (also known as Manchuria).

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Chinese Red Army

The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army or just the Red Army, was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1937.

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Chu Yupu

Chu Yupu (1887–1929) was a Chinese general who served under Yuan Shikai and later Zhang Zongchang.

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Constitutional Protection Movement

The Constitutional Protection Movement was a series of movements led by Sun Yat-sen to resist the Beiyang government between 1917 and 1922, in which Sun established another government in Guangzhou as a result. Northeastern Army and Constitutional Protection Movement are warlord Era.

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Counter-Japanese resistance volunteers in China

After the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and until 1933, large volunteer armies waged war against Japanese and Manchukuo forces over much of Northeast China.

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Defense of the Great Wall

The defense of the Great Wall (January 1 – May 31, 1933) was a campaign between the armies of Republic of China and Empire of Japan, which took place before the Second Sino-Japanese War officially commenced in 1937 and after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Northeastern Army and defense of the Great Wall are military history of Manchuria.

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Dingzhou

Dingzhou, or Tingchow in Postal Map Romanization, and formerly called Ding County or Dingxian, is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Baoding, Hebei Province.

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Duan Qirui

Duan Qirui (pronounced) (March 6, 1865 – November 2, 1936) was a Chinese warlord, politician and commander of the Beiyang Army who ruled as the effective dictator of northern China in the late 1910s.

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Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan, also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947.

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Encirclement campaigns (Chinese Civil War)

The encirclement campaigns of the Chinese Civil War were Republic of China (ROC) offensives against Communist (CCP) enclaves in China from the late-1920s to 1934.

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Enfilade and defilade

Enfilade and defilade are concepts in military tactics used to describe a military formation's exposure to enemy fire.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Feng Yuxiang

Feng Yuxiang (6 November 1882 – 1 September 1948), courtesy name Huanzhang (焕章), was a Chinese warlord and a leader of the Republic of China from Chaohu, Anhui.

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Fengtian clique

The Fengtian clique was the faction that supported warlord Zhang Zuolin during China's Warlord Era. Northeastern Army and Fengtian clique are warlord Era and Warlordism.

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Field gun

A field gun is a field artillery piece.

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First Zhili–Fengtian War

The First Zhili–Fengtian War (First Chihli-Fengtien War) was a 1922 conflict in the Republic of China's Warlord Era between the Zhili and Fengtian cliques for control of Beijing. Northeastern Army and First Zhili–Fengtian War are warlord Era.

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Flag of the Republic of China

The flag of the Republic of China, commonly called the flag of Taiwan, consists of a red field with a blue canton bearing a white disk surrounded by twelve triangles; said symbols symbolize the sun and rays of light emanating from it, respectively.

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French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

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Gansu

Gansu is an inland province in Northwestern China.

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Gewehr 1888

The Gewehr 88 (commonly called the Model 1888 commission rifle) was a late 19th-century German bolt-action rifle, adopted in 1888.

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Guo Songling

Guo Songling (1883 – 24 December 1925) was a Chinese general who served in the Fengtian Army under Zhang Zuolin during the Chinese Warlord Era.

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Guominjun

The Guominjun, abbreviated as GMJ and KMC, was a military faction founded by Feng Yuxiang, Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue during China's Warlord Era. Northeastern Army and Guominjun are factions in the Kuomintang.

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Han Linchun

Han Linchun (1885–January 18, 1930), courtesy name Zi Fangchen, was a Chinese general during the Warlord Era affiliated with the Fengtian Clique.

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Hanyang 88

The Type 88, sometimes known as "Hanyang 88" or Hanyang Type 88 and Hanyang Zao (Which means Made in Hanyang), is a Chinese-made bolt-action rifle, based on the German Gewehr 88. Northeastern Army and Hanyang 88 are National Revolutionary Army.

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Hanyang Arsenal

Hanyang Arsenal was one of the largest and oldest modern arsenals in Chinese history. Northeastern Army and Hanyang Arsenal are National Revolutionary Army.

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He Zhuguo

He Zhuguo (1897– September 3, 1985) was a Chinese general from Rong County, Guangxi, who served in the Fengtian Army and later the National Revolutionary Army.

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He–Umezu Agreement

The was a secret agreement between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China that was concluded on 10 June 1935, two years prior to the outbreak of general hostilities during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Northeastern Army and He–Umezu Agreement are second Sino-Japanese War.

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Hebei

Hebei is a province in North China.

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Heilongjiang

Heilongjiang is a province in northeast China.

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Honghuzi

Honghuzi were armed Chinese robbers and bandits who operated in the areas of the eastern Russia-China borderland during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.

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Huanggutun incident

The Huanggutun incident, also known as the, was the assassination of the Fengtian warlord and Generalissimo of the Military Government of China Zhang Zuolin near Shenyang on 4 June 1928. Northeastern Army and Huanggutun incident are northern Expedition and warlord Era.

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Hubei

Hubei is an inland province of China, and is part of the Central China region.

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Imperial Japanese Army Academy

The was the principal officer's training school for the Imperial Japanese Army.

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Japanese invasion of Manchuria

The Empire of Japan's Kwantung Army invaded the Manchuria region of the Republic of China on 18 September 1931, immediately following the Mukden incident. Northeastern Army and Japanese invasion of Manchuria are military history of Manchuria and second Sino-Japanese War.

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Jiang Dengxuan

Jiang Dengxuan (188025 November 1925), courtesy name Chao Liu was a Chinese general and politician during the Warlord Era, most famous for his service in Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian Army.

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Jiangqiao campaign

The Jiangqiao campaign was a series of battles and skirmishes occurring after the Mukden Incident, during the invasion of Manchuria by the Imperial Japanese Army, prior to the Second Sino-Japanese War. Northeastern Army and Jiangqiao campaign are military history of Manchuria.

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Jiangsu

Jiangsu is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

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Jilin

Jilin is one of the three provinces of Northeast China.

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Jinan

Jinan is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China.

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Kanji Ishiwara

was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.

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Kenji Doihara

was a Japanese army officer.

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Kijūrō Shidehara

Baron was a pre–World War II Japanese diplomat and politician.

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.

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Konstantin Petrovich Nechaev

Konstantin Petrovich Nechaev (Константин Петрович Нечаев, Konstantin Pietrowicz Nieczajew; 31 May 1883 – 5 February 1946) was an Imperial Russian Army officer and White movement leader, who commanded a large Russian mercenary army in China from 1924 to 1929.

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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949. Northeastern Army and Kuomintang are Chinese Civil War.

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Kwantung Army

The Kwantung Army (Japanese: 関東軍, Kantō-gun) was a general army of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1919 to 1945.

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Leiden

Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.

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Li Jinglin

Li Jinglin, also known as Li Fangchen (1885–1931) was a deputy inspector-general and later army general for the Fengtian clique during the Chinese warlord era.

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Li Zongren

Li Zongren (13 August 1890 – 30 January 1969; also known as Li Tsung-jen), courtesy name Telin (Te-lin), was a prominent Chinese warlord based in Guangxi and Kuomintang (KMT) military commander during the Northern Expedition, Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War.

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Liaoning

Liaoning is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region.

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Lin Boqu

Lin Boqu (Pinyin: Lín Bóqú; Wade-Giles: Lin Po-ch'u; March 20, 1886 – May 29, 1960) was a Chinese politician and poet.

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List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era

The Warlord Era was a historical period of the Republic of China that began from 1916 and lasted until the mid-1930s, during which the country was divided and ruled by various military cliques following the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916. Northeastern Army and List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era are 1910s in China, 1920s in China, military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949) and warlord Era.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Long March

The Long March was a military retreat by the Chinese Red Army from advancing Nationalist forces during the Chinese Civil War in 1934 through to 1936.

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Lu Yongxiang (warlord)

Lu Yongxiang (October 22, 1867 – May 15, 1933) was an Anhui clique warlord and military governor of Zhejiang, Zhili, and Jiangsu.

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Luan River

The Luan River (formerly known as Lei Shui, or Ru Shui) is a river in China.

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Ma Zhanshan

Ma Zhanshan (November 30, 1885 – November 29, 1950) was a Chinese general famous for resisting the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

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Manchu Restoration

The Manchu Restoration or Dingsi Restoration, also known as Zhang Xun Restoration, or Xuantong Restoration, was an attempt to restore the Chinese monarchy by General Zhang Xun, whose army seized Beijing and briefly reinstalled the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, Puyi, to the throne.

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Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China that existed from 1932 until its dissolution in 1945. Northeastern Army and Manchukuo are second Sino-Japanese War.

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Manchuria

Manchuria is a term that refers to a region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China, and historically parts of the modern-day Russian Far East, often referred to as Outer Manchuria.

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Maxim gun

The Maxim gun is a recoil-operated machine gun invented in 1884 by Hiram Stevens Maxim.

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Mikhail Borodin

Mikhail Markovich Gruzenberg, known by the alias Borodin (9 July 1884 – 29 May 1951), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Communist International (Comintern) agent.

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Mixed Brigades (Imperial Japanese Army)

The Mixed Brigade was one of the military units of the Imperial Japanese Army.

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Mosin–Nagant

The Mosin–Nagant is a five-shot, bolt-action, internal magazine–fed military rifle.

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Mukden Arsenal Mauser

The Mukden Arsenal Mauser also known as the Model 13 Mauser and Liao Type 13 was a rifle that implemented characteristics of both the Mauser Type 4 and the Arisaka rifles.

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Mukden incident

The Mukden incident was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

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Murata rifle

The was the first indigenously produced Japanese service rifle adopted in 1880 as the Meiji Type 13 Murata single-shot rifle.

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Nanjing

Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of, and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports.

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Nanjing decade

The Nanjing decade (also Nanking decade,, or the Golden decade) is an informal name for the decade from 1927 (or 1928) to 1937 in the Republic of China. Northeastern Army and Nanjing decade are 1920s in China and 1930s in China.

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Nankou, Beijing

Nankou Area is an area and a town situated on the northwestern corner of Changping District, Beijing, China.

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National Pacification Army

The National Pacification Army (NPA), also known as the Anguojun or Ankuochun, was a warlord coalition led by Fengtian clique General Zhang Zuolin, and was the military arm of the Beiyang government of the Republic of China during its existence. Northeastern Army and National Pacification Army are 1920s in China and northern Expedition.

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National Revolutionary Army

The National Revolutionary Army (NRA), sometimes shortened to Revolutionary Army before 1928, and as National Army after 1928, was the military arm of the Kuomintang (KMT, or the Chinese Nationalist Party) from 1925 until 1947 in China during the Republican era. Northeastern Army and National Revolutionary Army are 1920s in China, 1930s in China, Chinese Civil War, military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949) and military of the Republic of China.

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New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Ningxia

Ningxia, officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region in Northwestern China.

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Northeast China

Northeast China, also historically called Manchuria or Songliao, is a geographical region of China.

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Northeast Flag Replacement

The Northeast Flag Replacement refers to Zhang Xueliang's announcement on 29 December 1928 that all banners of the Beiyang government in Manchuria would be replaced with the flag of the Nationalist government, thus nominally uniting China under one government. Northeastern Army and Northeast Flag Replacement are warlord Era.

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Northern Expedition

The Northern Expedition was a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the Kuomintang (KMT) against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926. Northeastern Army and Northern Expedition are National Revolutionary Army and warlord Era.

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Order of battle Defense of the Great Wall

The following units and commanders fought in the Defense of the Great Wall of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

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Outline of the Chinese Civil War

The following is a topical outline of English Wikipedia articles about the history of the Chinese Civil War (1912–1949) The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a CCP victory and control of mainland China in the Chinese Communist Revolution. Northeastern Army and outline of the Chinese Civil War are military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949).

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Oxford

Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.

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Pen and Sword Books

Pen and Sword Books, also stylised as Pen & Sword, is a British publisher which specialises in printing and distributing books in both hardback and softback on military history, militaria and other niche subjects, primarily focused on the United Kingdom.

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Premier of the Republic of China

The premier of the Republic of China, officially the president of the Executive Yuan (Chinese: 行政院院長), is the head of the government of the Republic of China of Taiwan and leader of the Executive Yuan.

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Pukou, Nanjing

Pukou District, is one of 11 districts of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, China, lying northwest across the Yangtze River from downtown Nanjing.

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Puppet state

A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.

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Qi Xieyuan

Qi Xieyuan (April 28, 1885 - December 18, 1946), born Qi Ying, with a courtesy name of Qi Fuwan and the art name of Yaoshan, was a general of the military of the Republic of China and a warlord of the Zhili clique.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Red Spear Society

The Red Spear Society began as a rural self-defense movement in Henan, Hebei and Shandong in northern China during the Warlord Era in the 1920s. Northeastern Army and Red Spear Society are second Sino-Japanese War.

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Rehe Province

Rehe Province, known at the time as Jehol Province from an earlier romanization, was a former Chinese special administrative region and province centered on the city of Rehe, now known as Chengde.

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Renault FT

The Renault FT (frequently referred to in post-World War I literature as the FT-17, FT17, or similar) is a French light tank that was among the most revolutionary and influential tank designs in history.

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Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China (ROC), or simply China, as a sovereign state was based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when the government retreated to Taiwan, where it continues to be based.

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Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the social-democratic Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Russian State (1918–1920)

The Russian State was a White Army anti-Bolshevik state proclaimed by the Act of the Ufa State Conference of September 23, 1918 (the Constitution of the Provisional All-Russian Government), “On the formation of the all-Russian supreme power” in the name of “restoring state unity and independence of Russia” affected by the revolutionary events of 1917, the October Revolution and the signing of the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany.

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Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Japanese Empire and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire. Northeastern Army and Russo-Japanese War are military history of Manchuria.

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Second United Front

The Second United Front (p) was the alliance between the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to resist the Japanese invasion of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, which suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1945. Northeastern Army and Second United Front are 1930s in China, Chinese Civil War, National Revolutionary Army and second Sino-Japanese War.

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Second Zhili–Fengtian War

The Second Zhili–Fengtian War (Second Chihli-Fengtien War) of 1924 was a conflict between the Japanese-backed Fengtian clique based in Manchuria, and the more liberal Zhili clique controlling Beijing and backed by Anglo-American business interests. Northeastern Army and Second Zhili–Fengtian War are warlord Era.

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Seishirō Itagaki

was a Japanese military officer and politician who served as a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II and War Minister from 1938 to 1939.

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Shaanxi

Shaanxi is an inland province in Northwestern China.

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Shandong

Shandong is a coastal province in East China.

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Shanghai massacre

The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927, the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China, was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT). Northeastern Army and Shanghai massacre are Chinese Civil War and northern Expedition.

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Shanhai Pass

Shanhai Pass or Shanhaiguan is one of the major passes in the Great Wall of China, being the easternmost stronghold along the Ming Great Wall that commands the narrowest choke point in the strategic Liaoxi Corridor, a crucial coastal landway between the North and Northeast China.

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Shanxi

Shanxi is an inland province of China and is part of the North China region.

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Shenyang

Shenyang is a sub-provincial city in north-central Liaoning, China.

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Shi Yousan

Shi Yousan (December 12, 1891 – December 12, 1940) was a Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army who served as the 9th Governor of the Chahar and 3rd Governor of Anhui provinces during the Republican era of China.

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Shigeru Honjō

General Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the early period of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

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Shijiazhuang

Shijiazhuang is the capital and most populous city of China's Hebei Province.

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Shuozhou

Shuozhou is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the northwest.

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Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)

The Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929 (Конфликт на Китайско-Восточной железной дороге) was an armed conflict between the Soviet Union and the Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang of the Republic of China over the Chinese Eastern Railway (also known as the CER). Northeastern Army and Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) are military history of Manchuria and military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949).

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Songhua River

The Songhua or Sunghwa River (also Haixi or Xingal, Сунгари Sungari) is one of the primary rivers of China, and the longest tributary of the Amur.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.

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Status quo ante bellum

The term status quo ante bellum is a Latin phrase meaning "the situation as it existed before the war".

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Stroud

Stroud is a market town and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England.

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Sun Chuanfang

Sun Chuanfang (April 17, 1885 – November 13, 1935) was a Chinese warlord in the Zhili clique and protégé of the "Jade Marshal" Wu Peifu.

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Sun Dianying

Sun Dianying (1889–1948) was a Chinese bandit leader, warlord, and National Revolutionary Army commander who fought in the Warlord Era, Second Sino-Japanese War, and Chinese Civil War, earning notoriety for changing sides multiple times in course of these conflicts.

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Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925),Singtao daily.

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Synecdoche

Synecdoche is a type of metonymy; it is a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something is used to refer to the whole (pars pro toto), or vice versa (totum pro parte).

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T. V. Soong

Soong Tse-vung, more commonly romanized as Soong Tse-ven or Soong Tzu-wen (4 December 1894 – 25 April 1971), was a Chinese businessman, banker, and politician who served as Premier of the Republic of China in 1930 and between 1945 and 1947.

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Tang Yulin

Tang Yulin (1877–1937) was a Chinese general who served in the Northeastern Army.

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Tanggu Truce

The Tanggu Truce, sometimes called the, was a ceasefire unequal treaty that was signed between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan in Tanggu, Tianjin, on May 31, 1933. Northeastern Army and Tanggu Truce are second Sino-Japanese War.

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Tangshan

Tangshan is a coastal, industrial prefecture-level city in the northeast of Hebei province.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

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Tokyo Shinbu Gakko

The was a military preparatory school located in Tokyo, Japan.

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Toronto

Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Type 3 heavy machine gun

, also known as the Taishō 14 machine gun, was a Japanese air-cooled heavy machine gun.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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Vancouver

Vancouver is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia.

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Vasily Blyukher

Vasily Konstantinovich Blyukher (Vasiliy Konstantinovich Blyukher; 1 December 1889 – 9 November 1938) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

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Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces

The Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces, fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Three Eastern Provinces and Other Local Areas, and in Charge of Managing the Generals of the Three Provinces and the Governor of Fengtian, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty.

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Vladivostok

Vladivostok (Владивосток) is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai and the capital of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia, located in the far east of Russia.

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Wan Fulin

Wan Fulin (20 November 1880 – 15 July 1951) was the military governor of Heilongjiang province from 1928 and part of the Fengtian clique.

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Warlord Era

The Warlord Era was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions from 1916 to 1928. Northeastern Army and Warlord Era are 1910s in China, 1920s in China, military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949) and Warlordism.

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Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong

The Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong was an uprising of several allied Chinese warlord armies under the leadership of Zhang Zongchang in 1929. Northeastern Army and warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong are military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949) and warlord Era.

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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Wu Junsheng

Wu Junsheng (or Wu Tsi-cheng; 11 October 1863 – 4 June 1928) was a Chinese general and commander-in-chief of the cavalry in the Fengtian Army.

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Wu Peifu

Wu Peifu (also spelled Wu P'ei-fu) (April 22, 1874 – December 4, 1939) was a Chinese warlord and major figure in the Warlord Era in China from 1916 to 1927.

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Wuchang, Wuhan

Wuchang is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China. It is the oldest of the three cities that merged into modern-day Wuhan, and stood on the right (southeastern) bank of the Yangtze River, opposite the mouth of the Han River. The two other cities, Hanyang and Hankou, were on the left (northwestern) bank, separated from each other by the Han River.

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Wuhan Nationalist government

The Wuhan Nationalist government, also known as the Wuhan government, Wuhan regime, or Hankow government, was a government dominated by the left-wing of the Nationalist or Kuomintang (KMT) Party of China that was based in Wuhan from 5 December 1926 to 21 September 1927, led first by Eugene Chen, and later by Wang Jingwei. Northeastern Army and Wuhan Nationalist government are northern Expedition.

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Xi'an

Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province.

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Xi'an Incident

The Xi'an Incident was a major Chinese political crisis from 12 to 26 December 1936. Northeastern Army and Xi'an Incident are Chinese Civil War.

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Xinmin, Liaoning

The city of Xinmin is a county-level city of Liaoning Province, Northeast China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shenyang.

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Xuzhou

Xuzhou, also known as Pengcheng (彭城) in ancient times, is a major city in northwestern Jiangsu province, China.

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Yan Xishan

Yan Xishan or Yen Hsi-shan (8 October 1883 – 22 July 1960) was a Chinese warlord who served in the government of the Republic of China.

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Yang Hucheng

Yang Hucheng (26 November 1893 – 6 September 1949) was a Chinese general during the Warlord Era of Republican China and Kuomintang general during the Chinese Civil War.

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Yang Yuting (warlord)

Yang Yuting (1886 – January 10, 1929) was a Chinese general in the Fengtian Army and Military Governor (warlord) of Jiangsu during the early period of the Republic of China (Beiyang government) from August to November 1925.

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Yu Xuezhong

Yu Xuezhong (1890–1964) was a general in the armed forces of the Republic of China during World War II, and later a pro-Communist politician in the People's Republic of China, after Mao Zedong took power.

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Yuan Shikai

Yuan Shikai (16 September 18596 June 1916) was a Chinese general and statesman who served as Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet, the second provisional president of the Republic of China, head of the Beiyang government from 1912 to 1916 and Emperor of China from 1915 to 1916. Northeastern Army and Yuan Shikai are 1910s in China.

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Zhang Jinghui

Zhang Jinghui (Chang Ching-hui;; Hepburn: Chō Keikei); (21 June 1871 – 1 November 1959) was a Chinese general, warlord and politician during the Warlord era.

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Zhang Xueliang

Zhang Xueliang (June 3, 1901 – October 15, 2001), also romanized as Chang Hsueh-liang and known later in life as Peter H. L. Chang, was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1928 to 1936 and the commander-in-chief of the Northeastern Army after the assassination of his father, Zhang Zuolin.

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Zhang Zongchang

Zhang Zongchang (also romanized as Chang Tsung-chang; 1881 – 3 September 1932), courtesy name Xiaokun, was a Chinese warlord who ruled Shandong from 1925 to 1928.

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Zhang Zuolin

Zhang Zuolin (March 19, 1875June 4, 1928) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1916 to 1928.

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Zhang Zuoxiang

Zhang Zuoxiang (8 March 1881 – 7 May 1949) was an important member of the Fengtian clique and general in the Fengtian Army.

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Zhangjiakou

Zhangjiakou, also known as Kalgan and by several other names, is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Hebei province in Northern China, bordering Beijing to the southeast, Inner Mongolia to the north and west, and Shanxi to the southwest.

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Zhao Erxun

Zhao Erxun (23 May 1844 – 3 September 1927), courtesy name Cishan, art name Wubu, was a Chinese political and military officeholder who lived in the late Qing dynasty.

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Zhejiang

Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

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Zhili

Zhili, alternately romanized as Chihli, was a northern administrative region of China since the 14th-century that lasted through the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty until 1911, when the region was dissolved, converted to a province, and renamed Hebei in 1928.

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Zhili Army (Fengtian clique)

The Fengtian clique's Zhili Army was a Chinese Warlord Era fighting force that controlled the Republic of China's Zhili province from 1924 until 1928, with the exception of a few months in 1925/26. Northeastern Army and Zhili Army (Fengtian clique) are warlord Era.

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Zhili clique

The Zhili clique was a military faction that split from the Republic of China's Beiyang Army of the during the country's Warlord Era.

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Zhili–Anhui War

The Zhili–Anhui War was a 1920 conflict in the Republic of China between the Zhili and Anhui cliques for control of the Beiyang government. Northeastern Army and Zhili–Anhui War are warlord Era.

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Zhou Enlai

Zhou Enlai (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 until his death in January 1976.

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1911 Revolution

The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. Northeastern Army and 1911 Revolution are military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern_Army

Also known as Dongbei Army, Fengtian Army, Fengtien Army, Tung-p'ei Army.

, Gewehr 1888, Guo Songling, Guominjun, Han Linchun, Hanyang 88, Hanyang Arsenal, He Zhuguo, He–Umezu Agreement, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Honghuzi, Huanggutun incident, Hubei, Imperial Japanese Army Academy, Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Jiang Dengxuan, Jiangqiao campaign, Jiangsu, Jilin, Jinan, Kanji Ishiwara, Kenji Doihara, Kijūrō Shidehara, Kingdom of Italy, Konstantin Petrovich Nechaev, Kuomintang, Kwantung Army, Leiden, Li Jinglin, Li Zongren, Liaoning, Lin Boqu, List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era, London, Long March, Lu Yongxiang (warlord), Luan River, Ma Zhanshan, Manchu Restoration, Manchukuo, Manchuria, Maxim gun, Mikhail Borodin, Mixed Brigades (Imperial Japanese Army), Mosin–Nagant, Mukden Arsenal Mauser, Mukden incident, Murata rifle, Nanjing, Nanjing decade, Nankou, Beijing, National Pacification Army, National Revolutionary Army, New York City, Ningxia, Northeast China, Northeast Flag Replacement, Northern Expedition, Order of battle Defense of the Great Wall, Outline of the Chinese Civil War, Oxford, Pen and Sword Books, Premier of the Republic of China, Pukou, Nanjing, Puppet state, Qi Xieyuan, Qing dynasty, Red Army, Red Spear Society, Rehe Province, Renault FT, Republic of China (1912–1949), Russian Civil War, Russian Empire, Russian State (1918–1920), Russo-Japanese War, Second United Front, Second Zhili–Fengtian War, Seishirō Itagaki, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai massacre, Shanhai Pass, Shanxi, Shenyang, Shi Yousan, Shigeru Honjō, Shijiazhuang, Shuozhou, Sino-Soviet conflict (1929), Songhua River, Spanish Civil War, Status quo ante bellum, Stroud, Sun Chuanfang, Sun Dianying, Sun Yat-sen, Synecdoche, T. V. Soong, Tang Yulin, Tanggu Truce, Tangshan, Time (magazine), Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, Toronto, Type 3 heavy machine gun, United Kingdom, Vancouver, Vasily Blyukher, Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces, Vladivostok, Wan Fulin, Warlord Era, Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong, Weimar Republic, World War I, Wu Junsheng, Wu Peifu, Wuchang, Wuhan, Wuhan Nationalist government, Xi'an, Xi'an Incident, Xinmin, Liaoning, Xuzhou, Yan Xishan, Yang Hucheng, Yang Yuting (warlord), Yu Xuezhong, Yuan Shikai, Zhang Jinghui, Zhang Xueliang, Zhang Zongchang, Zhang Zuolin, Zhang Zuoxiang, Zhangjiakou, Zhao Erxun, Zhejiang, Zhili, Zhili Army (Fengtian clique), Zhili clique, Zhili–Anhui War, Zhou Enlai, 1911 Revolution.

Northeastern Army, the Glossary

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