Northern Wei, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 183 relations: An Shigao, Archaeology (magazine), Bactria, Battle of Canhe Slope, Battle of Fei River, Battle of Shayuan, Bengbu, Book of Northern Qi, Book of Wei, Book of Zhou, Brill Publishers, Buddhism, Buddhist art, Cash (Chinese coin), Chang'an, Change of Xianbei names to Han names, Chen Qingzhi, Chicheng County, China, Chinese nobility, Commentary on the Water Classic, Concubinage, Courtier, Crown prince, Cui Hao, Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms), Datong, Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei, Deportation, Disaster of Yongjia, Dugu (surname), Dunhuang, Dynasties of China, Eastern Wei, Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei, Emperor Gao of Southern Qi, Emperor Gong of Western Wei, Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei, Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei, Emperor Wen of Song, Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei, Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi, Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of Liang, Emperor Wu of Song, Emperor Wu of Southern Qi, Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei, ... Expand index (133 more) »

2. 386 establishments
3. 4th-century establishments in China
4. 6th-century disestablishments in China
5. History of Mongolia

An Shigao

An Shigao (Korean: An Sego, Japanese: An Seikō, Vietnamese: An Thế Cao) (fl. c. 148-180 CE) was an early Buddhist missionary to China, and the earliest known translator of Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese.

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Archaeology (magazine)

Archaeology is a bimonthly magazine for the general public, published by the Archaeological Institute of America.

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Bactria

Bactria (Bactrian: βαχλο, Bakhlo), or Bactriana, was an ancient Iranian civilization in Central Asia based in the area south of the Oxus River (modern Amu Darya) and north of the mountains of the Hindu Kush, an area within the north of modern Afghanistan.

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Battle of Canhe Slope

The Battle of Canhe Slope, alternatively the Battle of Canhebei, was a battle in the history of China in 395 where the Xianbei-led Later Yan dynasty, then ruling over northern and central China, had launched a punitive campaign against its former vassal, the Northern Wei dynasty, also of Xianbei extraction.

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Battle of Fei River

The Battle of Fei River, also known as the Battle of Feishui, took place in the autumn of 383 AD in China, where forces of the Di-led Former Qin dynasty were decisively defeated by the outnumbered army of the Eastern Jin dynasty.

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Battle of Shayuan

The Battle of Shayuan was fought in 537 AD and was the second battle between the two successor states of Northern Wei during the Southern and Northern Dynasty period.

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Bengbu

Bengbu is a city in northern Anhui Province, China.

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Book of Northern Qi

The Book of Northern Qi, was the official history of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi.

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Book of Wei

The Book of Wei, also known by its Chinese name as the Wei Shu, is a classic Chinese historical text compiled by Wei Shou from 551 to 554, and is an important text describing the history of the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei from 386 to 550.

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Book of Zhou

The Book of Zhou records the official history of the Xianbei-led Western Wei and Northern Zhou dynasties of China, and ranks among the official Twenty-Four Histories of imperial China.

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Brill Publishers

Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.

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Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

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Buddhist art

Buddhist art is visual art produced in the context of Buddhism.

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Cash (Chinese coin)

The cash or qian was a type of coin of China and the Sinosphere, used from the 4th century BC until the 20th century AD, characterised by their round outer shape and a square center hole.

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Chang'an

Chang'an is the traditional name of Xi'an.

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Change of Xianbei names to Han names

The change of Xianbei family names to Han names was part of a larger sinicization campaign.

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Chen Qingzhi

Chen Qingzhi (484 - November 539) was a prominent general of the Liang dynasty.

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Chicheng County

Chicheng, or Ch’ih-ch’eng, is a county under the administration of Zhangjiakou City, northwestern Hebei province, bordering Beijing to the southeast.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Chinese nobility

The nobility of China represented the upper strata of aristocracy in premodern China, acting as the ruling class until 1000, and remaining a significant feature of the traditional social structure until the end of the imperial period.

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The Commentary on the Water Classic, or Commentaries on the Water Classic, commonly known as Shui Jing Zhu, is a work on the Chinese geography in ancient times, describing the traditional understanding of its waterways and ancient canals, compiled by Li Daoyuan during the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534 AD).

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Concubinage

Concubinage is an interpersonal and sexual relationship between two people in which the couple does not want to, or cannot, enter into a full marriage.

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Courtier

A courtier is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty.

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Crown prince

A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

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Cui Hao

Cui Hao (died 450 CE), courtesy name Boyuan (伯淵), was a shangshu of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China.

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Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)

Dai, also rendered as Tai and sometimes known in historiography as the Tuoba Dai, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Tuoba clan of Xianbei descent, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms (although it is not listed as one of the 16). Northern Wei and Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms) are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Datong

Datong is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China.

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Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei

Empress Yuan (12 February 528 – after 1 April 528), personal name unknown, was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty.

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Deportation

Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a territory.

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Disaster of Yongjia

The Disaster of Yongjia (simplified Chinese: 永嘉之乱; traditional Chinese: 永嘉之亂) occurred in 311 CE (5th year of the Yongjia era of the reign of Emperor Huai of Jin), when forces of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty captured and sacked Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin dynasty.

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Dugu (surname)

Dugu (獨孤) is an extremely rare Chinese compound surname of Xianbei origin.

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Dunhuang

Dunhuang is a county-level city in northwestern Gansu Province, Western China.

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Dynasties of China

For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs. Northern Wei and Dynasties of China are former countries in Chinese history.

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Eastern Wei

Wei, known in historiography as the Eastern Wei, was an imperial dynasty of China that followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei dynasty. Northern Wei and Eastern Wei are 6th-century disestablishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei

Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei ((北)魏道武帝) (4 August 371 – 6 November 409), personal name Tuoba Gui (拓拔珪), né Tuoba Shegui (拓拔渉珪), was the founding emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty of China.

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Emperor Gao of Southern Qi

Emperor Gao of Southern Qi ((南)齊高帝; 427– 11 April 482), personal name Xiao Daocheng (蕭道成), courtesy name Shaobo (紹伯), childhood name Doujiang (鬥將), was the founding emperor of the Southern Qi dynasty of China.

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Emperor Gong of Western Wei

Emperor Gong of Western Wei ((西)魏恭帝) (537? – April 557), personal name né Yuan Kuo (元廓), later changed to Tuoba Kuo (拓拔廓), was the last emperor of the Western Wei dynasty of China. He was made emperor in March 554 after his older half-brother Yuan Qin was deposed by the paramount general Yuwen Tai.

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Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei

Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei ((北)魏節閔帝) (498 – 21 June 532), also known as Emperor Qianfei (前廢帝), at times referred to by pre-ascension title Prince of Guangling (廣陵王), personal name Yuan Gong (元恭), courtesy name Xiuye (脩業), was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China.

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Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei

Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei ((北)魏明元帝) (392 – 24 December 423), Chinese name Tuoba Si (拓拔嗣), Xianbei name Mumo (木末), was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China.

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Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei

Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei ((北)魏太武帝, 408 – 11 March 452), personal name Tuoba Tao (拓拔燾), Xianbei name Büri (佛貍), was the third emperor of China's Northern Wei dynasty.

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Emperor Wen of Song

Emperor Wen of Liu Song ((劉)宋文帝, (Liu) Song Wen-di; 407 – 16 March 453), personal name Liu Yilong (劉義隆), childhood name Che'er (車兒), was an emperor of the Liu Song dynasty of China.

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Emperor Wen of Sui

Emperor Wen of Sui (隋文帝; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (楊堅), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (普六茹堅), alias Narayana deriving from Buddhist terms, was the founding emperor of the Chinese Sui dynasty.

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Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei

Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei ((北)魏文成帝) (July or August 440 – 20 June 465), Han name Tuoba Jun (拓拔濬), Xianbei name Wulei (烏雷), was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China.

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Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi

Emperor Wenxuan of (Northern) Qi ((北)齊文宣帝) (526–559), personal name Gao Yang (高洋, Wade–Giles: Kao Yang), courtesy name Zijin (子進), Xianbei name Hounigan (侯尼干), was the founding emperor of the Northern Qi dynasty of China.

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Emperor Wu of Han

Emperor Wu of Han (156 – 29 March 87BC), born Liu Che and courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty from 141 to 87 BC. His reign lasted 54 years – a record not broken until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor more than 1,800 years later – and remains the record for ethnic Han emperors.

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Emperor Wu of Liang

Emperor Wu of Liang (464 – 12 June 549), personal name Xiao Yan (蕭衍), courtesy name Shuda (叔達), childhood name Lian'er (練兒), was the founding emperor of the Chinese Liang dynasty, during the Northern and Southern dynasties period.

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Emperor Wu of Song

Emperor Wu of (Liu) Song ((劉)宋武帝; 16 April 363– 26 June 422), personal name Liu Yu (劉裕), courtesy name Dexing (德興), childhood name Jinu (寄奴),(皇考以高祖生有奇異，名為奇奴。皇妣既殂，養于舅氏，改為寄奴焉。) Song Shu, vol.

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Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

Emperor Wu of Southern Qi (南齊武帝) (440– 27 August 493), personal name Xiao Ze (蕭賾), courtesy name Xuanyuan (宣遠), childhood name Long'er (龍兒), was the second emperor of the Chinese Southern Qi dynasty.

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Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei

Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei ((北)魏獻文帝) (August 454 – 20 July 476), personal name Tuoba Hong, Xianbei name Didouyin (第豆胤), courtesy name Wanmin (萬民), was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China.

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Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei

Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei ((東)魏孝靜帝) (524 – 21 January 552), personal name Yuan Shanjian (元善見), was the founder and the only emperor of China's Eastern Wei dynasty.

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Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou

Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou ((北)周孝閔帝) (542 – early November 557), personal name Yuwen Jue (宇文覺), nickname Dharani (陀羅尼), was the founder of the Xianbei-led Northern Zhou dynasty of China, ruling as Heavenly Prince (Tian Wang).

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Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaoming of (Northern) Wei ((北)魏孝明帝) (510 – March 31, 528), personal name Yuan Xu (元詡), was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty.

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Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (October 13, 467 – April 26, 499), personal name Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), was an emperor of China's Northern Wei dynasty, reigning from September 20, 471 to April 26, 499.

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Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝武帝) (510 – February 3, 535), personal name Yuan Xiu (元脩 or 元修), courtesy name Xiaoze (孝則), at times known as Emperor Chu (出帝, "the emperor who fled"), was the last emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty.

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Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei (507 – 26 January 531; r. May 528 – Jan 531), personal name Yuan Ziyou, courtesy name Yanda (彥達), was an emperor of China's Northern Wei dynasty.

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Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei

Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei (May or June 483 – February 12, 515) was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty (499-515).

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Emperor Zhao of Han

Emperor Zhao of Han (94 – 5 June 74 BC), born Liu Fuling (劉弗陵), was the eighth emperor of the Han dynasty from 87 to 74 BC.

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Empress Dowager Feng

Empress (Dowager) Feng (馮皇(太)后) (442 – 17 October 490), formally Empress (Dowager) Wenming (文明皇后, literally "the civil and understanding empress") was an empress of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China.

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Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei)

Empress Dowager Hu (personal name unknown) (490s? – 17 May 528), formally Empress Ling (靈皇后), was an empress dowager of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty (515–528).

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Erzhu Rong

Erzhu Rong (爾朱榮) (493 – November 1, 530), courtesy name Tianbao (天寶), formally Prince Wu of Jin (晉武王), was a general of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty.

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Feng Hetu

Feng Hetu (封和突 Fēng Hétū, 438-501 CE) was a Chinese military official and a minister of the Northern Wei dynasty.

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Feng Hong

Feng Hong (died 438), courtesy name Wentong (文通), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Zhaocheng of Northern Yan (北燕昭成帝), was the last monarch of the Chinese Northern Yan dynasty.

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Former Qin

Qin, known as the Former Qin and Fu Qin (苻秦) in historiography, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Fu (Pu) clan of the Di peoples during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Northern Wei and Former Qin are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Former Yan

Yan, known in historiography as the Former Yan (337–370), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Murong clan of the Xianbei during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Northern Wei and Former Yan are 4th-century establishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Fu Jian (337–385)

Fu Jian (337–385), courtesy name Yonggu (永固) or Wenyu (文玉), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Xuanzhao of Former Qin (前秦宣昭帝), was the third monarch of the Di-led Chinese Former Qin dynasty, ruling as Heavenly King.

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Gao Huan

Gao Huan (496 – 13 February 547), Xianbei name Heliuhun (賀六渾), formally Prince Xianwu of Qi (齊獻武王), later further formally honored by Northern Qi initially as Emperor Xianwu (獻武皇帝), then as Emperor Shenwu (神武皇帝) with the temple name Gaozu (高祖), was the paramount general and a minister of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty and its branch successor state Eastern Wei dynasty.

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Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) (high castle; Old Korean: Guryeo) also later known as Goryeo (high and beautiful; Middle Korean: 고ᇢ롕〮, kwòwlyéy), was a Korean kingdom which was located on the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of modern-day Northeast China (Manchuria).

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Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China (literally "ten thousand ''li'' long wall") is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe.

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Guanzhong

Guanzhong (formerly romanised as Kwanchung) region, also known as the Guanzhong Basin, Wei River Basin, or uncommonly as the Shaanzhong region, is a historical region of China corresponding to the crescentic graben basin within present-day central Shaanxi, bounded between the Qinling Mountains in the south (known as Guanzhong's "South Mountains"), and the Huanglong Mountain, Meridian Ridge and Long Mountain ranges in the north (collectively known as its "North Mountains").

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Han Chinese

The Han Chinese or the Han people, or colloquially known as the Chinese are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China.

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Han-Zhao

The Han-Zhao (304–329 AD), or Former Zhao, was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Liu (Luandi) clan of Xiongnu ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Northern Wei and Han-Zhao are 4th-century establishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Hebei

Hebei is a province in North China.

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Hefei

Hefei is the capital and largest city of Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.

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Helian Ding

Helian Ding (died 432), nickname Zhifen (直獖), was the third and last emperor of the Xiongnu-led Chinese Hu Xia dynasty.

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Hexi Corridor

The Hexi Corridor (Xiao'erjing: حْسِ ظِوْلاْ), also known as the Gansu Corridor, is an important historical region located in the modern western Gansu province of China.

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History of the Northern Dynasties

The History of the Northern Dynasties is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon.

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Hohhot

Hohhot, formerly known as Kweisui, is the capital of Inner Mongolia in the north of the People's Republic of China, serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center.

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Hua Mulan

Hua Mulan is a legendary Chinese folk heroine from the Northern and Southern dynasties era (4th to 6th century CE) of Chinese history.

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Husi Chun

Husi Chun (495 – May 537), courtesy name Fashou (法壽), Xianbei name Daidun (貸敦), formally Prince Wenxuan of Changshan (常山文宣王), was a general and official of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei and Western Wei dynasties of China.

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Jacques Gernet

Jacques Gernet (22 December 1921, Algiers, French Algeria – 3 March 2018, Vannes) was an eminent French sinologist of the second half of the 20th century.

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Jataka tales

The Jātaka (Sanskrit for "Birth-Related" or "Birth Stories") are a voluminous body of literature native to the Indian subcontinent which mainly concern the previous births of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form.

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Jin dynasty (266–420)

The Jin dynasty or Jin Empire, sometimes distinguished as the or the, was an imperial dynasty in China that existed from 266 to 420. Northern Wei and Jin dynasty (266–420) are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Jinping Commandery

Jinping Commandery was the territory of Baekje in Liaoxi of China.

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Juqu Mujian

Juqu Mujian (before 420 – 447), named Juqu Maoqian (沮渠茂虔) in some sources, also known by his posthumous name as the Prince Ai of Northern Liang (北涼哀王), was a prince of the Xiongnu-led Northern Liang dynasty of China.

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Kashmir

Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Kizil Caves

The Kizil Caves (also romanized as Qizil or Qyzyl; translation; l) are a set of Buddhist rock-cut caves located near Kizil Township (labels) in Baicheng County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

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Kou Qianzhi

Kou Qianzhi (365–448) was a Taoist reformer who reenvisioned many of the ceremonies and rites of the Way of the Celestial Master form of Taoism and reformulated its theology into a new movement known as The Northern Celestial Masters.

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Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom

The Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (or Indo-Sasanians) was a polity established by the Sasanian Empire in Bactria during the 3rd and 4th centuries.

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Later Qin

Qin, known in historiography as the Later Qin (384–417) or Yao Qin (姚秦), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Yao clan of Qiang ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period in northern China. Northern Wei and Later Qin are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Later Yan

Yan, known in historiography as the Later Yan (384 – 407 or 409), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Xianbei people, located in modern-day northeast China, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms. Northern Wei and Later Yan are 4th-century establishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Later Zhao

Zhao, briefly known officially as Wei (衛) in 350, known in historiography as the Later Zhao (319–351) or Shi Zhao (石趙), was a dynasty of China ruled by the Shi family of Jie ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Northern Wei and Later Zhao are 4th-century establishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Liang dynasty

The Liang dynasty, alternatively known as the Southern Liang or Xiao Liang in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. Northern Wei and Liang dynasty are 6th-century disestablishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Liaoning

Liaoning is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region.

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Liu Song dynasty

Song, known as Liu Song, Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern dynasties (南朝宋) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. Northern Wei and Liu Song dynasty are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

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Liu Zixun

Liu Zixun (456 – 19 September 466), courtesy name Xiaode (孝德), was an imperial prince and pretender to the throne of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty, who received claims of allegiance from most provinces of the state during the year 466 after his staff made a claim to the throne on his behalf, rivaling that of his uncle Emperor Ming, following the assassination of his half-brother Emperor Qianfei in January 466.

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Live Science

Live Science is a science news website.

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Longmen Grottoes

The Longmen Grottoes or Longmen Caves are some of the finest examples of Chinese Buddhist art.

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Longxi Commandery

Longxi Commandery (Chinese: trad. 隴西郡, simp. 陇西郡, Lǒngxījùn) was a commandery of imperial China in present-day Gansu, named due to its location west of Mount Long (the southern portion of Mount Liupan).

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Luoyang

Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of the Luo River and the Yellow River in the west of Henan province.

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Maitreya

Maitreya (Sanskrit) or Metteyya (Pali), is a bodhisattva who is regarded as the future Buddha of this world in all schools of Buddhism, prophesied to become Maitreya Buddha or Metteyya Buddha.

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Middle Chinese

Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the Qieyun, a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions.

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Mogao Caves

The Mogao Caves, also known as the Thousand Buddha Grottoes or Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, form a system of 500 temples southeast of the center of Dunhuang, an oasis located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, in Gansu province, China.

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Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication.

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Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.

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Murong Bao

Murong Bao (355–398), courtesy name Daoyou (道佑), Xianbei name Kugou (庫勾), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Huimin of Later Yan (後燕惠愍帝), was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Later Yan dynasty.

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Murong Chui

Murong Chui (326 – 2 June 396), courtesy name Daoming (道明), Xianbei name Altun (阿六敦), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Chengwu of Later Yan (後燕成武帝), was the founding emperor of China's Later Yan dynasty.

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Naming taboo

A naming taboo is a cultural taboo against speaking or writing the given names of exalted persons, notably in China and within the Chinese cultural sphere.

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Northern and Southern dynasties

The Northern and Southern dynasties was a period of political division in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Eastern Jin dynasty. Northern Wei and Northern and Southern dynasties are 6th-century disestablishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Northern and Southern dynasties

Northern Celestial Masters

The Northern Celestial Masters are an evolution of the Daoist Way of the Celestial Master in the north of China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

See Northern Wei and Northern Celestial Masters

Northern Liang

The Northern Liang (397–439) was a dynastic state of China and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese history. Northern Wei and Northern Liang are 4th-century establishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Northern Liang

Northern Qi

Qi, known as the Northern Qi, Later Qi (後齊) or Gao Qi (高齊) in historiography, was a Chinese imperial dynasty and one of the Northern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties era. Northern Wei and Northern Qi are 6th-century disestablishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Northern Qi

Northern Yan

Yan, known in historiography as the Northern Yan (407 or 409–436), Eastern Yan or Huanglong, was a dynastic state of China during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms. Northern Wei and Northern Yan are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Northern Yan

Northern Zhou

Zhou, known in historiography as the Northern Zhou, was a Xianbei-led dynasty of China that lasted from 557 to 581. Northern Wei and Northern Zhou are 6th-century disestablishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Northern Zhou

Nurse empress dowager

Nurse empress dowager was an honorific title given to emperors' wet nurses of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Nurse empress dowager

Ordos Plateau

The Ordos Plateau, also known as the Ordos Basin or simply the Ordos, is a highland sedimentary basin in parts of most Northern China with an elevation of, and consisting mostly of land enclosed by the Ordos Loop, a large northerly rectangular bend of the Yellow River.

See Northern Wei and Ordos Plateau

Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.

See Northern Wei and Parthian Empire

Posthumous name

A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture.

See Northern Wei and Posthumous name

Qiang (historical people)

Qiang was a name given to various groups of people at different periods in ancient China.

See Northern Wei and Qiang (historical people)

Qimin Yaoshu

The Qimin Yaoshu, translated as the "Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People", is the most completely preserved of the ancient Chinese agricultural texts, and was written by the Northern Wei Dynasty official Jia Sixie, a native of Shouguang, Shandong province, which is a major agricultural producing region.

See Northern Wei and Qimin Yaoshu

Ray Huang

Ray Huang (25 June 19188 January 2000) was a Chinese-American historian and philosopher who was an officer in the National Revolutionary Army and fought in the Burma Campaign.

See Northern Wei and Ray Huang

Regnal year

A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin regnum meaning kingdom, rule.

See Northern Wei and Regnal year

Rouran Khaganate

The Rouran Khaganate, also known as Ruanruan or Juan-juan (or variously Jou-jan, Ruruan, Ju-juan, Ruru, Ruirui, Rouru, Rouruan or Tantan) was a tribal confederation and later state founded by a people of Proto-Mongolic Donghu origin. Northern Wei and Rouran Khaganate are former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Rouran Khaganate

Salary

A salary is a form of periodic payment from an employer to an employee, which may be specified in an employment contract.

See Northern Wei and Salary

Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.

See Northern Wei and Sasanian Empire

Scholar-official

The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats, were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

See Northern Wei and Scholar-official

Shandong

Shandong is a coastal province in East China.

See Northern Wei and Shandong

Shanxi

Shanxi is an inland province of China and is part of the North China region.

See Northern Wei and Shanxi

Shaolin Monastery

Shaolin Monastery (p), also known as Shaolin Temple, is a monastic institution recognized as the birthplace of Chan Buddhism and the cradle of Shaolin Kung Fu.

See Northern Wei and Shaolin Monastery

Shengle

Shengle was the capital of the Xianbei-led Dai state and the first capital of the Northern Wei dynasty in the 4th century.

See Northern Wei and Shengle

Shouyang County

Shouyang County is a county in Jinzhong, Shanxi province, China.

See Northern Wei and Shouyang County

Sima Jinlong

Sima Jinlong (after 420-484), courtesy name Rongze (榮則), was a Han–Xianbei prince and general of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China, whose tomb was discovered in the village of Shijia, Datong, Shanxi.

See Northern Wei and Sima Jinlong

Sinicization

Sinicization, sinofication, sinification, or sinonization (from the prefix, 'Chinese, relating to China') is the process by which non-Chinese societies or groups are acculturated or assimilated into Chinese culture or society, particularly the language, societal norms, culture, and ethnic identity of the Han Chinese—the largest ethnic group of China.

See Northern Wei and Sinicization

Six Frontier Towns

The Six Frontier Towns, also known as the Six Garrisons and the Northern Frontier Towns, were six military towns located in the Hetao region of the Northern Wei dynasty of China.

See Northern Wei and Six Frontier Towns

Sixteen Kingdoms

The Sixteen Kingdoms, less commonly the Sixteen States, was a chaotic period in Chinese history from AD 304 to 439 when northern China fragmented into a series of short-lived dynastic states. Northern Wei and Sixteen Kingdoms are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Sixteen Kingdoms

Sogdia

Sogdia or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and in present-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.

See Northern Wei and Sogdia

Songyue Pagoda

The Songyue Pagoda, constructed in 523 CE, is located at the Songyue Monastery on Mount Song, in Henan province, China.

See Northern Wei and Songyue Pagoda

Southern Qi

Qi, known in historiography as the Southern Qi or Xiao Qi, was a Chinese imperial dynasty and the second of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties era. Northern Wei and Southern Qi are 6th-century disestablishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Southern Qi

Southern Yan

Yan, known in historiography as the Southern Yan (398–410), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Murong clan of the Xianbei during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms. Northern Wei and Southern Yan are 4th-century establishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Southern Yan

Stele

A stele,From Greek στήλη, stēlē, plural στήλαι stēlai; the plural in English is sometimes stelai based on direct transliteration of the Greek, sometimes stelae or stelæ based on the inflection of Greek nouns in Latin, and sometimes anglicized to steles.) or occasionally stela (stelas or stelæ) when derived from Latin, is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected in the ancient world as a monument.

See Northern Wei and Stele

Sui dynasty

The Sui dynasty was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 581 to 618. Northern Wei and Sui dynasty are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Sui dynasty

Taihang Mountains

The Taihang Mountains are a Chinese mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces.

See Northern Wei and Taihang Mountains

Tan Daoji

Tan Daoji (before 394 - April 9, 436) was a high-level general of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Tan Daoji

Taoism

Taoism or Daoism is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao—generally understood as an impersonal, enigmatic process of transformation ultimately underlying reality.

See Northern Wei and Taoism

Taoist art

Taoist art (also spelled as Daoist art) relates to the Taoist philosophy and narratives of Lao-tzu (also spelled as Laozi) that promote "living simply and honestly and in harmony with nature." The artists were "Daoist masters, adepts, scholars-amateurs, and even emperors..." thus an eclectic group of art works were created over time that are as varied as their makers.

See Northern Wei and Taoist art

The Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha ('the awakened'), was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism.

See Northern Wei and The Buddha

Tiele people

The Tiele, also named Gaoche or Gaoju, were a tribal confederation of Turkic ethnic origins living to the north of China proper and in Central Asia, emerging after the disintegration of the confederacy of the Xiongnu. Chinese sources associate them with the earlier Dingling.

See Northern Wei and Tiele people

Tokyo National Museum

The or TNM is an art museum in Ueno Park in the Taitō ward of Tokyo, Japan.

See Northern Wei and Tokyo National Museum

Tongwancheng

Tongwancheng (p) was the capital of the Xiongnu-led Hu Xia dynasty in northern China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period in the early 5th century.

See Northern Wei and Tongwancheng

Tuoba

The Tuoba (Chinese) or Tabgatch (𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲, Tabγač), also known by other names, was an influential Xianbei clan in early imperial China.

See Northern Wei and Tuoba

Tuoba language

Tuoba (Tabγač or Tabghach; also Taγbač or Taghbach) is an extinct language spoken by the Tuoba people in northern China around the 5th century AD during the Northern Wei dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Tuoba language

Tuoba Shiyijian

Tuoba Shiyijian (320–376) was the last prince of the Xianbei-led Dai dynasty of China and ruled from 338 to 376 when Dai was conquered by the Former Qin dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Tuoba Shiyijian

Tuoba Yilu

Tuoba Yilu (died 316) was the chieftain of the western Tuoba territory from 295 to 307, supreme chieftain of the Tuoba from 307 to 316, Duke of Dai from 310 to 315, and first ruler of the Dai kingdom from 315 to 316.

See Northern Wei and Tuoba Yilu

Tuoba Yu

Tuoba Yu (拓拔余) (died 29 October 452), posthumous name Prince Yin of Nan'an (南安隱王), Xianbei name Kebozhen (可博真), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Tuoba Yu

Tuyuhun

Tuyuhun (LHC: *tʰɑʔ-jok-guənʔ; Wade-Giles: T'u-yühun), also known as Henan and Azha, was a dynastic monarchy established by the nomadic peoples related to the Xianbei in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley, in modern Qinghai, China. Northern Wei and Tuyuhun are former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Tuyuhun

Western Qin

The Western Qin (385–400, 409–431) was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Qifu clan of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms. Northern Wei and Western Qin are 4th-century establishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Western Qin

Western Wei

Wei, known in historiography as the Western Wei, was an imperial dynasty of China that followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei. Northern Wei and Western Wei are 6th-century disestablishments in China, dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Western Wei

Western Yan

Yan, known in historiography as the Western Yan (384–394) was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Xianbei ethnicity. Northern Wei and Western Yan are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Western Yan

Wet nurse

A wet nurse is a woman who breastfeeds and cares for another's child.

See Northern Wei and Wet nurse

William John Francis Jenner

William John Francis "Bill" Jenner (born 1940) is an English sinologist and translator, specialising in Chinese history and culture, and translator of Chinese literature.

See Northern Wei and William John Francis Jenner

Wuwei, Gansu

Wuwei is a prefecture-level city in northwest central Gansu province.

See Northern Wei and Wuwei, Gansu

Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia

Wuyuan County (style), is a county with 224,809 inhabitants (2020) under the administration of Baynnur, Inner Mongolia.

See Northern Wei and Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia

Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)

Xia, known in historiography as Hu Xia (胡夏), Northern Xia (北夏), Helian Xia (赫連夏) or the Great Xia (大夏), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Helian clan of Xiongnu ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Northern Wei and Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms) are dynasties of China and former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)

Xianbei

The Xianbei were an ancient nomadic people that once resided in the eastern Eurasian steppes in what is today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeastern China. Northern Wei and Xianbei are former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Xianbei

Xiao Baojuan

Xiao Baojuan (蕭寶卷) (483 – 31 December 501), né Xiao Mingxian (蕭明賢), commonly known by his posthumously demoted title of Marquess of Donghun (東昏侯), courtesy name Zhizang (智藏), was an emperor of the Southern Qi dynasty of China, during the Northern and Southern dynasties period.

See Northern Wei and Xiao Baojuan

Xiao Baoyin

Xiao Baoyin (486 – 10 June 530), courtesy name Zhiliang (智亮), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Southern Qi dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Xiao Baoyin

Xiongnu

The Xiongnu were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Northern Wei and Xiongnu are former countries in Chinese history.

See Northern Wei and Xiongnu

Xuanhua, Zhangjiakou

Xuanhua is an urban district of Zhangjiakou in northwestern Hebei Province, China.

See Northern Wei and Xuanhua, Zhangjiakou

Xuzhou

Xuzhou, also known as Pengcheng (彭城) in ancient times, is a major city in northwestern Jiangsu province, China.

See Northern Wei and Xuzhou

Yan Hui

Yan Hui (–481 BC) was a Chinese philosopher.

See Northern Wei and Yan Hui

Yanqing, Beijing

Yanqing District, formerly known as Yanqing County before 2015, is a district of the municipality of Beijing located northwest of the city proper of Beijing, 74km away from the city center.

See Northern Wei and Yanqing, Beijing

Ye (Hebei)

Ye or Yecheng was an ancient Chinese city located in what is now Linzhang County, Handan, Hebei province and neighbouring Anyang, Henan province.

See Northern Wei and Ye (Hebei)

Yellow River

The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China, after the Yangtze; with an estimated length of it is the sixth-longest river system on Earth.

See Northern Wei and Yellow River

Yuan Hao

Yuan Hao (元顥) (495 - 29 August 530?), courtesy name Ziming (子明) was an imperial prince and pretender to the throne of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei, who briefly received allegiance from most of the provinces south of the Yellow River after he captured the capital Luoyang with support of neighboring Liang dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Yuan Hao

Yuan Lang

Yuan Lang (513 – 26 December 532), courtesy name Zhongzhe (仲哲), frequently known by his post-deposition title Prince of Anding (安定王), at times known in historiography as Emperor Houfei (後廢帝, "later deposed emperor"), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Yuan Lang

Yuan Ye (emperor)

Yuan Ye (509? – 26 December 532), courtesy name Huaxing (華興), nickname Penzi (盆子), often known by his pre-imperial title Prince of Changguang (長廣王), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China.

See Northern Wei and Yuan Ye (emperor)

Yuan Zhao

Yuan Zhao (526 – May 17, 528), also known in historiography as Youzhu of Northern Wei (北魏幼主; literally "the young lord"), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty.

See Northern Wei and Yuan Zhao

Yujiulü Shelun

Yujiulü Shelun (Simplified Chinese: 郁久闾社仑; pinyin: Yùjiǔlǘ Shèlún, Wade–Giles: Yü-chiu-lü She-lun) (c. 391–410) or Qiudoufa Khagan (丘豆伐可汗) was khagan of the Rouran from 402 to 410.

See Northern Wei and Yujiulü Shelun

Yungang Grottoes

The Yungang Grottoes, formerly the Wuzhoushan Grottoes, are ancient Chinese Buddhist temple grottoes built during the Northern Wei dynasty near the city of Datong, then called Pingcheng, in the province of Shanxi.

See Northern Wei and Yungang Grottoes

Yuwen Hu

Yuwen Hu (宇文護) (513 – 14 April 572), courtesy name Sabao (薩保, also a title, which can be traced back to sartpāw “caravan leader”, but was used as given name, in many cases by Buddhists - referring to the metaphorical meaning of wise leader), formally Duke Dang of Jin (晉蕩公), was a regent of the Xianbei-led Northern Zhou dynasty of China.

See Northern Wei and Yuwen Hu

Yuwen Tai

Yuwen Tai (505/7 – 21 November 556), nickname Heita (黑獺), formally Duke Wen of Anding (安定文公), later further posthumously honored by Northern Zhou initially as Prince Wen (文王) then as Emperor Wen (文皇帝) with the temple name Taizu (太祖), was the de facto ruler and paramount general of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Wei dynasty, a branch successor state of the Northern Wei.

See Northern Wei and Yuwen Tai

Zhao (state)

Zhao was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China.

See Northern Wei and Zhao (state)

Zhongyuan

Zhongyuan, the Central Plain(s), also known as Zhongtu (lit. 'central land') and Zhongzhou (lit. 'central region'), commonly refers to the part of the North China Plain surrounding the lower and middle reaches of the Yellow River, centered on the region between Luoyang and Kaifeng.

See Northern Wei and Zhongyuan

Zizhi Tongjian

The Zizhi Tongjian (1084) is a chronicle published during the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127) that provides a record of Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning almost 1400 years.

See Northern Wei and Zizhi Tongjian

See also

386 establishments

• Donglin Temple (Jiujiang)
• Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
• Northern Wei
• Sumela Monastery

4th-century establishments in China

• Cheng-Han
• Donglin Temple (Jiujiang)
• Former Liang
• Former Yan
• Han-Zhao
• Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
• Later Yan
• Later Zhao
• Lingyin Temple
• Nanning
• Northern Liang
• Northern Wei
• Ran Wei
• Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
• Southern Yan
• Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
• Western Qin
• Zhai Wei

6th-century disestablishments in China

• Chen dynasty
• Eastern Wei
• Liang dynasty
• Military history of the Northern and Southern dynasties
• Northern Qi
• Northern Wei
• Northern Zhou
• Northern and Southern dynasties
• Southern Qi
• Western Liang (555–587)
• Western Wei

History of Mongolia

• History of Mongolia
• History of the Khitans
• History of the eastern steppe
• Mongols
• Murong
• Northern Wei
• Proto-Mongols

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Wei

Also known as Bei Wei, Emperor of Northern Wei, Empress of Northern Wei, Later Wei, North Wei, Northern Wei Dynasty, Northern Wei Empire, Northern Wei period, T'o pa dynasty, T'o-pa Wei, Toba state, Tuoba Empire, Tuoba Wei, Tuoba dynasty, Yuan Wei, .

, Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou, Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei, Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei, Emperor Zhao of Han, Empress Dowager Feng, Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei), Erzhu Rong, Feng Hetu, Feng Hong, Former Qin, Former Yan, Fu Jian (337–385), Gao Huan, Goguryeo, Great Wall of China, Guanzhong, Han Chinese, Han-Zhao, Hebei, Hefei, Helian Ding, Hexi Corridor, History of the Northern Dynasties, Hohhot, Hua Mulan, Husi Chun, Jacques Gernet, Jataka tales, Jin dynasty (266–420), Jinping Commandery, Juqu Mujian, Kashmir, Kizil Caves, Kou Qianzhi, Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom, Later Qin, Later Yan, Later Zhao, Liang dynasty, Liaoning, Liu Song dynasty, Liu Zixun, Live Science, Longmen Grottoes, Longxi Commandery, Luoyang, Maitreya, Middle Chinese, Mogao Caves, Monarchy, Mongolia, Murong Bao, Murong Chui, Naming taboo, Northern and Southern dynasties, Northern Celestial Masters, Northern Liang, Northern Qi, Northern Yan, Northern Zhou, Nurse empress dowager, Ordos Plateau, Parthian Empire, Posthumous name, Qiang (historical people), Qimin Yaoshu, Ray Huang, Regnal year, Rouran Khaganate, Salary, Sasanian Empire, Scholar-official, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaolin Monastery, Shengle, Shouyang County, Sima Jinlong, Sinicization, Six Frontier Towns, Sixteen Kingdoms, Sogdia, Songyue Pagoda, Southern Qi, Southern Yan, Stele, Sui dynasty, Taihang Mountains, Tan Daoji, Taoism, Taoist art, The Buddha, Tiele people, Tokyo National Museum, Tongwancheng, Tuoba, Tuoba language, Tuoba Shiyijian, Tuoba Yilu, Tuoba Yu, Tuyuhun, Western Qin, Western Wei, Western Yan, Wet nurse, William John Francis Jenner, Wuwei, Gansu, Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia, Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms), Xianbei, Xiao Baojuan, Xiao Baoyin, Xiongnu, Xuanhua, Zhangjiakou, Xuzhou, Yan Hui, Yanqing, Beijing, Ye (Hebei), Yellow River, Yuan Hao, Yuan Lang, Yuan Ye (emperor), Yuan Zhao, Yujiulü Shelun, Yungang Grottoes, Yuwen Hu, Yuwen Tai, Zhao (state), Zhongyuan, Zizhi Tongjian.