Nucleoplasm, the Glossary
The nucleoplasm, also known as karyoplasm, is the type of protoplasm that makes up the cell nucleus, the most prominent organelle of the eukaryotic cell.[1]
Table of Contents
68 relations: Acetyl-CoA, Adenosine diphosphate, Adenosine triphosphate, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, ATPase, Botany, Calcium, Cell division, Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, Chromosome, Citric acid cycle, Cofactor (biochemistry), Cytokinesis, Cytoplasm, Cytoplasmic streaming, DNA polymerase, DNA repair, DNA replication, Eduard Strasburger, Electron transport chain, Endoplasmic reticulum, Eukaryote, Franz Bauer, Germany, Glycolysis, Golgi apparatus, Homeostasis, Human genome, Human Protein Atlas, Importin, Intermediate filament, Linnean Society of London, Lipid bilayer, Magnesium, Metabolism, Mitosis, NAD+ synthase, National Human Genome Research Institute, Nuclear bodies, Nuclear envelope, Nuclear localization sequence, Nuclear pore, Nucleolus, Nucleoporin, Nucleotide, Organelle, Phosphoenolpyruvic acid, Phosphorus, Poland, ... Expand index (18 more) »
- Nuclear substructures
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
See Nucleoplasm and Acetyl-CoA
Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells.
See Nucleoplasm and Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
See Nucleoplasm and Adenosine triphosphate
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.
See Nucleoplasm and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
ATPase
ATPases (Adenosine 5'-TriPhosphatase, adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, SV40 T-antigen, ATP hydrolase, complex V (mitochondrial electron transport), (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, HCO3−-ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of ATP into ADP and a free phosphate ion or the inverse reaction.
Botany
Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
See Nucleoplasm and Cell division
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space). Nucleoplasm and cell membrane are cell anatomy.
See Nucleoplasm and Cell membrane
Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Nucleoplasm and cell nucleus are cell anatomy.
See Nucleoplasm and Cell nucleus
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Nucleoplasm and chromosome are nuclear substructures.
See Nucleoplasm and Chromosome
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
See Nucleoplasm and Citric acid cycle
Cofactor (biochemistry)
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst (a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction).
See Nucleoplasm and Cofactor (biochemistry)
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is the part of the cell division process and part of mitosis during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.
See Nucleoplasm and Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. Nucleoplasm and cytoplasm are cell anatomy.
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell, driven by forces from the cytoskeleton.
See Nucleoplasm and Cytoplasmic streaming
DNA polymerase
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA.
See Nucleoplasm and DNA polymerase
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
See Nucleoplasm and DNA repair
DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
See Nucleoplasm and DNA replication
Eduard Strasburger
Eduard Adolf Strasburger (1 February 1844 – 18 May 1912) was a Polish-German professor and one of the most famous botanists of the 19th century.
See Nucleoplasm and Eduard Strasburger
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.
See Nucleoplasm and Electron transport chain
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.
See Nucleoplasm and Endoplasmic reticulum
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Franz Bauer
Franz Andreas Bauer (later Francis) (14 March 1758 – 11 December 1840) was an Austrian microscopist and botanical artist.
See Nucleoplasm and Franz Bauer
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol).
See Nucleoplasm and Glycolysis
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
See Nucleoplasm and Golgi apparatus
Homeostasis
In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.
See Nucleoplasm and Homeostasis
Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
See Nucleoplasm and Human genome
Human Protein Atlas
The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) is a Swedish-based program started in 2003 with the aim to map all the human proteins in cells, tissues and organs using integration of various omics technologies, including antibody-based imaging, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, transcriptomics and systems biology.
See Nucleoplasm and Human Protein Atlas
Importin
Importin is a type of karyopherin that transports protein molecules from the cell's cytoplasm to the nucleus.
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates.
See Nucleoplasm and Intermediate filament
Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy.
See Nucleoplasm and Linnean Society of London
Lipid bilayer
The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.
See Nucleoplasm and Lipid bilayer
Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
See Nucleoplasm and Metabolism
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
NAD+ synthase
In enzymology, a NAD+ synthetase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, deamido-NAD+, and NH3, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and NAD+.
See Nucleoplasm and NAD+ synthase
National Human Genome Research Institute
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is an institute of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland.
See Nucleoplasm and National Human Genome Research Institute
Nuclear bodies
Nuclear bodies (also known as nuclear domains, or nuclear dots) are membraneless structures found in the cell nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Nucleoplasm and nuclear bodies are nuclear substructures.
See Nucleoplasm and Nuclear bodies
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material. Nucleoplasm and nuclear envelope are nuclear substructures.
See Nucleoplasm and Nuclear envelope
Nuclear localization sequence
A nuclear localization signal or sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence that 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport.
See Nucleoplasm and Nuclear localization sequence
Nuclear pore
A nuclear pore is a channel as part of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), a large protein complex found in the nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells.
See Nucleoplasm and Nuclear pore
Nucleolus
The nucleolus (nucleoli) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Nucleoplasm and nucleolus are nuclear substructures.
Nucleoporin
Nucleoporins are a family of proteins which are the constituent building blocks of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
See Nucleoplasm and Nucleoporin
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
See Nucleoplasm and Nucleotide
Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. Nucleoplasm and organelle are cell anatomy.
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the carboxylic acid derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate.
See Nucleoplasm and Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15.
See Nucleoplasm and Phosphorus
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.
Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number19.
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
See Nucleoplasm and Prokaryote
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Protein filament
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella.
See Nucleoplasm and Protein filament
Protoplasm
Protoplasm is the living part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane.
See Nucleoplasm and Protoplasm
Pyruvate kinase
X-ray Crystallography Derived --> Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme involved in the last step of glycolysis.
See Nucleoplasm and Pyruvate kinase
Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (IUPAC name: 2-oxopropanoic acid, also called acetoic acid) (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.
See Nucleoplasm and Pyruvic acid
Redox
Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.
Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
See Nucleoplasm and Regulation of gene expression
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation). Nucleoplasm and Ribosome are cell anatomy.
RNA polymerase
In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template.
See Nucleoplasm and RNA polymerase
RNA splicing
RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA).
See Nucleoplasm and RNA splicing
Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
Robert Brown (21 December 1773 – 10 June 1858) was a Scottish botanist and paleobotanist who made important contributions to botany largely through his pioneering use of the microscope.
See Nucleoplasm and Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
Sodium–potassium pump
The sodium–potassium pump (sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as -ATPase, pump, or sodium–potassium ATPase) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the membrane of all animal cells.
See Nucleoplasm and Sodium–potassium pump
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
See Nucleoplasm and Transcription (biology)
Transmembrane protein
A transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane.
See Nucleoplasm and Transmembrane protein
See also
Nuclear substructures
- Cajal body
- Chromatin
- Chromosome
- DAnCER (database)
- DNA condensation
- LINC complex
- Microchromosome
- Nuclear bodies
- Nuclear envelope
- Nuclear matrix
- Nuclear pore complex
- Nucleolus
- Nucleolus organizer region
- Nucleoplasm
- Nucleosome repeat length
- Paraspeckle
- Perinucleolar compartment
- Snurposome
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoplasm
Also known as Karyoplasm, Karyoplasma, Kryoplasm, Neucleoplasm, Nuclear sap, Nucleohyaloplasm, Nucleosol.
, Potassium, Prokaryote, Protein, Protein filament, Protoplasm, Pyruvate kinase, Pyruvic acid, Redox, Regulation of gene expression, Ribosome, RNA polymerase, RNA splicing, Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773), Secretion, Sodium, Sodium–potassium pump, Transcription (biology), Transmembrane protein.