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Odrysian kingdom, the Glossary

The Odrysian kingdom (Ancient Greek: Βασίλειον Ὀδρυσῶν) was an ancient Thracian state that thrived between the early 5th century BC and the early 3rd / late 1st century BC.^[1]

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213 relations: Abdera, Thrace, Achaemenid dynasty, Achaemenid Empire, Acontisma, Aegean Sea, Alexander the Great, Amadocus I, Amadocus II, Amatokos III, Amphipolis, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Andron, Antiochus II Theos, Archaeology, Arda (Maritsa tributary), Ariapeithes, Artaxerxes III, Artillery, Ashlar, Asti (Thracian tribe), Balkans, Battle of Actium, Battle of Callinicus, Battle of Pydna, Berisades, Bithynia, Black Sea, Borovo Treasure, Bosporan Kingdom, Bosporus, Bulgaria, Byzantium, Cabyle, Carpathian Mountains, Cassander, Catapult, Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe, Celts, Cersobleptes, Cetriporis, Chalcidian helmet, Chalkidiki, Charidemus, Classical antiquity, Classical Athens, Common Era, Comontorius, Companion cavalry, Corinthian helmet, ... Expand index (163 more) »
5th-century BC establishments
Ancient Thrace
Ancient history of Romania
Ancient tribes in Bulgaria
Ancient tribes in the Balkans
Roman client kingdoms
States and territories disestablished in the 1st century BC
States and territories established in the 5th century BC

Abdera, Thrace

Abdera is a municipality in the Xanthi regional unit of Thrace, Greece.

See Odrysian kingdom and Abdera, Thrace

Achaemenid dynasty

The Achaemenid dynasty was a royal house that ruled the Persian Empire, which eventually stretched from Egypt and Thrace in the west to Central Asia and the Indus Valley in the east.

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The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.

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Acontisma

Acontisma or Akontisma (Ἀχόντισμα), also called Hercontroma or Herkontroma, was a settlement in ancient Macedon near the border of Thrace on the coast and on the Via Egnatia, 8 or 9 miles (13 to 15 km) eastward of Neapolis (modern Kavala), on a pass of the same name.

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Aegean Sea

The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

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Amadocus I

Amadocus I (Ἀμάδοκος, Amadokos, also Amatokos, perhaps more accurately Μήτοκος/Μήδοκος, Mētokos/Mēdokos, of which the Latin form would be Medocus) was a Thracian king of the Odrysae in the late 5th to early 4th century BC (attested from before 405 BC to after 390/389 BC).

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Amadocus II

Amadocus (Amadokos, also Amatokos) was an Odrysian ruler in Thrace, who ruled from 360 to c. 351 BC.

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Amatokos III

Amatokos III (Ancient Greek: Αμάδοκος) was king of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace.

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Amphipolis

Amphipolis (translit; translit) was an important ancient Greek polis (city), and later a Roman city, whose large remains can still be seen. Odrysian kingdom and Amphipolis are 5th-century BC establishments.

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.

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Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.

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Andron

Andron (Ἄνδρων) is the name of a number of different people in classical antiquity.

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Antiochus II Theos

Antiochus II Theos (Ἀντίοχος Θεός,; 286 – July 246 BC) was a Greek king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire who reigned from 261 to 246 BC.

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Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Arda (Maritsa tributary)

The Arda is a river in Bulgaria and Greece.

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Ariapeithes

Ariapeithes (Scythian:; translit) was a king of the Scythians in the early 5th century BCE.

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Artaxerxes III

Ochus (Ὦχος), known by his dynastic name Artaxerxes III (𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠; Ἀρταξέρξης), was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 359/58 to 338 BC.

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Artillery

Artillery are ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms.

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Ashlar

Ashlar is a cut and dressed stone, worked using a chisel to achieve a specific form, typically rectangular in shape.

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Asti (Thracian tribe)

Asti (Αστοί) is the name of a Thracian tribe which is mentioned by Livy.

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Balkans

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

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Battle of Actium

The Battle of Actium was a naval battle fought between Octavian's maritime fleet, led by Marcus Agrippa, and the combined fleets of both Mark Antony and Cleopatra.

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Battle of Callinicus

The Battle of Callinicus (μάχη τουΚαλλίνικου) was fought in 171 BC between Macedonia and the Roman Republic near a hill called Callinicus, close to the Roman camp at Tripolis Larisaia, five kilometres north of Larissa, the capital of Thessaly.

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Battle of Pydna

The Battle of Pydna took place in 168 BC between Rome and Macedon during the Third Macedonian War.

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Berisades

Berisades (Bηρισάδης) was a ruler in Thrace, who inherited, in conjunction with Amadocus II and Cersobleptes, the dominions of the Thracian king Cotys on the death of the latter in 360 BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Berisades

Bithynia

Bithynia (Bithynía) was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. Odrysian kingdom and Bithynia are states and territories disestablished in the 1st century BC.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Borovo Treasure

The Borovo Treasure, also known as the Borovo Silver Treasure, is a Thracian hoard of five matching silver-gilt items discovered in late 1974 while ploughing a field in Borovo, Bulgaria.

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Bosporan Kingdom

The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (Basileía tou Kimmerikou Bospórou; Regnum Bospori), was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, centered in the present-day Strait of Kerch. Odrysian kingdom and Bosporan Kingdom are 5th-century BC establishments, former kingdoms, roman client kingdoms and states and territories established in the 5th century BC.

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Bosporus

The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait (Istanbul strait, colloquially Boğaz) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

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Byzantium

Byzantium or Byzantion (Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Thracian settlement and later a Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and which is known as Istanbul today.

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Cabyle

Cabyle or Kabile (Καβύλη), also known as Calybe or Kalibe (Καλύβη), is a town in the interior of ancient Thrace, west of Develtus, on the river Tonsus.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe.

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Cassander

Cassander (Kássandros; c. 355 BC – 297 BC) was king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 305 BC until 297 BC, and de facto ruler of southern Greece from 317 BC until his death.

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Catapult

A catapult is a ballistic device used to launch a projectile a great distance without the aid of gunpowder or other propellants – particularly various types of ancient and medieval siege engines.

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Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe

Gallic groups, originating from the various La Tène chiefdoms, began a southeastern movement into the Balkans from the 4th century BC.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.

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Cersobleptes

Cersobleptes (Kersobleptēs, also found in the form Cersebleptes, Kersebleptēs), was son of Cotys I, king of the Odrysians in Thrace, on whose death in September 360 BC he inherited the throne.

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Cetriporis

Cetriporis (Ketríporis), also known as Ketriporis, an anthroponym from the Thracian language, was a king of the Odrysian kingdom in western Thrace from c. 357-356 BC, in succession to his father Berisades, with whom he may already have been a co-ruler.

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Chalcidian helmet

A Chalcidian helmet or Chalcidian type helmet was a helmet made of bronze and worn by ancient warriors of the Hellenic world, especially popular in Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BC.

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Chalkidiki

Chalkidiki (Chalkidikḗ, alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece.

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Charidemus

Charidemus (or Kharidemos, Χαρίδημος), of Oreus in Euboea, was an ancient Greek mercenary leader of the 4th century BC.

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Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.

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Classical Athens

The city of Athens (Ἀθῆναι, Athênai a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯; Modern Greek: Αθήναι, Athine or, more commonly and in singular, Αθήνα, Athina) during the classical period of ancient Greece (480–323 BC) was the major urban centre of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League.

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Common Era

Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.

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Comontorius

Comontorius was a Celtic king in Thrace who in 278 BC founded the kingdom of Tylis, imposing a tribute on the city of Byzantium. Odrysian kingdom and Comontorius are ancient Thrace.

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Companion cavalry

The Companions (ἑταῖροι,, hetairoi) were the elite cavalry of the Macedonian army from the time of King Philip II of Macedon, achieving their greatest prestige under Alexander the Great, and regarded as the first or among the first shock cavalry used in Europe.

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Corinthian helmet

The Corinthian helmet originated in ancient Greece and took its name from the city-state of Corinth.

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Cothelas

Cothelas (Κοθήλας), also known as Gudila (fl. 4th century BC), was a king of the Getae who ruled an area near the Black Sea, between northern Thrace and the Danube.

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Cotys I (Odrysian)

Cotys I or Kotys I (Kotys) was a king of the Odrysians in Thrace from 384 BC to his murder in 360 BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Cotys I (Odrysian)

Cotys II (Odrysian)

Cotys II (Ancient Greek: Κότυς, Kotys) was a possible king of the Odrysians in Thrace in the late 4th or early 3rd century BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Cotys II (Odrysian)

Cotys III (Odrysian)

Cotys III (Ancient Greek: Κότυς, Kotys) was a king of the Odrysians in Thrace in the early 3rd-century BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Cotys III (Odrysian)

Cotys IV

Cotys IV (Ancient Greek: Κότυς, Kotys) was a king of the Odrysians in Thrace from before 171 until after 166 BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Cotys IV

Crenides (Macedonia)

Crenides or Krenides (Κρενίδες) was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, and later in ancient Macedonia located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos.

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Dacia

Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. Odrysian kingdom and Dacia are ancient Thrace and ancient history of Romania.

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Dacians

The Dacians (Daci; loc Δάοι, Δάκαι) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. Odrysian kingdom and Dacians are ancient history of Romania.

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Danube

The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.

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Dardanelles

The Dardanelles (lit; translit), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after the Gallipoli peninsula) and in Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (Helle), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey.

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Darius the Great

Darius I (𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁; Δαρεῖος; – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE.

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Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Diódōros; 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian.

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Doriscus

Doriscus (Δορίσκος and Δωρίσκος, Dorískos) was a settlement in ancient Thrace (modern-day Greece), on the northern shores of Aegean Sea, in a plain west of the river Hebrus.

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Dromichaetes

Dromichaetes (Dromichaites) was king of the Getae on both sides of the lower Danube (present day Romania and Bulgaria) around 300 BC.

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East Thrace

East Thrace or eastern Thrace (Doğu Trakya or simply Trakya; Anatolikí Thráki; Iztochna Trakiya), also known as Turkish Thrace or European Turkey, is the part of Turkey that is geographically a part of Southeast Europe.

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Eion

Eion (Ἠϊών, Ēiṓn), ancient Chrysopolis, was an ancient Greek Eretrian colony in Thracian Macedonia specifically in the region of Edonis.

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Ephesus

Ephesus (Éphesos; Efes; may ultimately derive from Apaša) was a city in Ancient Greece on the coast of Ionia, southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. Odrysian kingdom and Ephesus are former kingdoms.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Flax

Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, Linum usitatissimum, in the family Linaceae.

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Gallipoli

The Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu Yarımadası; Chersónisos tis Kallípolis) is located in the southern part of East Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles strait to the east.

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Getae

The Getae or Gets (Γέται, singular Γέτης) were a Thracian-related tribe that once inhabited the regions to either side of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria and southern Romania. Odrysian kingdom and Getae are ancient tribes in Bulgaria.

See Odrysian kingdom and Getae

Great Morava

The Great Morava (Velika Morava) is the final section of the Morava (Морава), a major river system in Serbia.

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Greave

A greave (from the Old French greve "shin, shin armor") or jambeau is a piece of armor that protects the leg.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Greek language

Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.

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Hebryzelmis

Hebryzelmis (Ancient Greek: Εὐρύζελμις, Ἑβρύζελμις, Ἑβροζέλμης, Εὐρύτελμις) was an Odrysian king of Thrace, attested as ruling in 386/385 BC.

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Hellenistic period

In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.

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Hellenization

Hellenization (also spelled Hellenisation) or Hellenism is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language, and identity by non-Greeks.

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Hemp

Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use.

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Heraeum (Thrace)

Heraeum or Heraion (Ἥραιον), also known as Heraion Teichos (Ἡραῖον τεῖχος) was a Greek city in ancient Thrace, located on the Propontis, a little to the east of Bisanthe.

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Herodotus

Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος||; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy.

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Homer

Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.

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Illyria

In classical and late antiquity, Illyria (Ἰλλυρία, Illyría or Ἰλλυρίς, Illyrís; Illyria, Illyricum) was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by numerous tribes of people collectively known as the Illyrians.

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Illyrians

The Illyrians (Ἰλλυριοί, Illyrioi; Illyrii) were a group of Indo-European-speaking people who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times. Odrysian kingdom and Illyrians are ancient tribes in the Balkans.

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Ionia (satrapy)

Ionia, known in Old Persian as Yauna (𐎹𐎢𐎴), was a region within the satrapy of Lydia, with its capital at Sardis, within the First Persian Empire.

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Ionian Sea

The Ionian Sea (Iónio Pélagos,; Mar Ionio or Mar Jonio,; Deti Jon) is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Iphicrates

Iphicrates (Ιφικράτης) was an Athenian general, who flourished in the earlier half of the 4th century BC.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Iskar (river)

The Iskar (Искър,; Oescus) is a right tributary of the Danube.

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Jacket

A jacket is a garment for the upper body, usually extending below the hips.

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Kazanlak

Kazanlak (Казанлък, known as Seuthopolis (Σευθόπολις) in ancient times, is a town in Stara Zagora Province, Bulgaria. It is located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley.

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Labrys

Labrys (lábrys) is, according to Plutarch (Quaestiones Graecae 2.302a), the Lydian word for the double-bitted axe.

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Lingua franca

A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.

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List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia

This is a list of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia (Θρᾴκη, Δακία) including possibly or partly Thracian or Dacian tribes, and non-Thracian or non-Dacian tribes that inhabited the lands known as Thrace and Dacia.

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List of kings of Thrace and Dacia

This article lists kings of Thrace and Dacia, and includes Thracian, Paeonian, Celtic, Dacian, Scythian, Persian or Ancient Greek up to the point of its fall to the Roman Empire, with a few figures from Greek mythology. Odrysian kingdom and list of kings of Thrace and Dacia are ancient Thrace.

See Odrysian kingdom and List of kings of Thrace and Dacia

Livy

Titus Livius (59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy, was a Roman historian.

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Lukovit Treasure

The Lukovit Treasure (Луковитско съкровище) is a silver Thracian treasure.

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Lysimachia (Thrace)

Lysimachia (Λυσιμάχεια) was an important Hellenistic Greek town on the north-western extremity of the Thracian Chersonese (the modern Gallipoli peninsula) in the neck where the peninsula joins the mainland in what is now the European part of Turkey, not far from the bay of Melas (the modern Gulf of Saros).

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Lysimachus

Lysimachus (Greek: Λυσίμαχος,meaning: "the one that terminates the battle". Lysimachos; c. 360 BC – 281 BC) was a Thessalian officer and successor of Alexander the Great, who in 306 BC, became king of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedon.

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Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

Macedonia (Μακεδονία), also called Macedon, was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.

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Maisades

Maisades (Ancient Greek, "Μαισάδης") was a Thracian of the Odrysian kingdom and perhaps the father of Seuthes II.

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Mardonius (nephew of Darius I)

Mardonius (𐎶𐎼𐎯𐎢𐎴𐎡𐎹; Μαρδόνιος; died 479 BC) was a Persian military commander during the Greco-Persian Wars.

See Odrysian kingdom and Mardonius (nephew of Darius I)

Maritsa

Maritsa or Maritza (Марица), also known as Evros (Έβρος) and Meriç (Meriç), is a river that runs through the Balkans in Southeast Europe.

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Maroneia

Maroneia (Μαρώνεια) is a village and a former municipality in Rhodope regional unit, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece.

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Meda of Odessos

Meda of Odessos (Mḗda), died 336 BC, was a Thracian princess, daughter of the king Cothelas a Getae, and wife of king Philip II of Macedon.

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Megabazus

Megabazus (Old Persian: Bagavazdā or Bagabāzu, Μεγαβάζος and Μεγάβυζος), son of Megabates, was a highly regarded Persian general under Darius, to whom he was a first-degree cousin.

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Moldova

Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, on the northeastern corner of the Balkans.

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Moldova State University

Moldova State University (USM; Romanian: Universitatea de Stat din Moldova) is a university located in Chișinău, Moldova.

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Muntenia

Muntenia (also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the seldom used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian).

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Muscle cuirass

In classical antiquity, the muscle cuirass (lorica musculata), anatomical cuirass, or heroic cuirass is a type of cuirass made to fit the wearer's torso and designed to mimic an idealized male human physique.

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Mysia

Mysia (UK, US or; Μυσία; Mysia; Misya) was a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor (Anatolia, Asian part of modern Turkey).

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Naqsh-e Rostam

Naqsh-e Rostam (نقش رستم) is an ancient archeological site and necropolis located about 13 km northwest of Persepolis, in Fars Province, Iran.

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Northern Dobruja

Northern Dobruja (Dobrogea de Nord or simply Dobrogea; Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania.

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Northern Greece

Northern Greece (Voreia Ellada) is used to refer to the northern parts of Greece, and can have various definitions.

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Novinite

Novinite is a Bulgarian English-language news provider based in Sofia.

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Numismatics

Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects.

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Octamasadas

Octamasadas (Scythian; Ancient Greek: Ὀκταμασάδης, romanized:; Latin: Octamasades) was a Scythian king, the son of King Ariapeithes, who lived around 446 BC.

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Orestias

Orestias (Ὀρεστιάς), later refounded by Hadrian as Adrianople (Greek: Άδριανούπολις), was an ancient Greek settlement next to the Evros river in Thrace, near or at the site of present-day Edirne, and close to the current border between Turkey and Greece.

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Paeonia (kingdom)

In antiquity, Paeonia or Paionia (Paionía) was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians or Paionians (Paíones).

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Panagyurishte Treasure

The Panagyurishte Treasure (Панагюрско златно съкровище) is a Thracian treasure.

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Peloponnesian League

The Peloponnesian League was an alliance of ancient Greek city-states, dominated by Sparta and centred on the Peloponnese, which lasted from c.550 to 366 BC.

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Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War (translit) (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.

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Peltast

A peltast (πελταστής) was a type of light infantry originating in Thrace and Paeonia and named after the kind of shield he carried.

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Perdiccas II of Macedon

Perdiccas II (Perdíkkas) was the king of Macedonia from 454 BC until his death in 413 BC.

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Peretu

Peretu is a commune in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania.

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Perseus of Macedon

Perseus (Perséus; – 166 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 179 until 168BC.

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Philip II of Macedon

Philip II of Macedon (Φίλιππος; 382 BC – October 336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC.

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Philip V of Macedon

Philip V (Philippos; 238–179 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC.

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Philippi

Philippi (Φίλιπποι, Phílippoi) was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos.

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Philippopolis (Thrace)

Philippopolis (Φιλιππούπολις, Φιλιππόπολις) is one of the names of the ancient city (amongst which are Thracian Eumolpia/Pulpudeva, Roman Trimontium) situated where Plovdiv is today.

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Phrygian helmet

The Phrygian helmet, also known as the Thracian helmet, was a type of helmet that originated in ancient Greece and was widely used throughout the Hellenistic world until well into the period of the Roman Empire.

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Polybius

Polybius (Πολύβιος) was a Greek historian of the middle Hellenistic period.

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Pontic–Caspian steppe

The Pontic–Caspian Steppe is a steppe extending across Eastern Europe to Central Asia, formed by the Caspian and Pontic steppes.

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Ptolemaic dynasty

The Ptolemaic dynasty (Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), also known as the Lagid dynasty (Λαγίδαι, Lagidai; after Ptolemy I's father, Lagus), was a Macedonian Greek royal house which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Odrysian kingdom and Ptolemaic dynasty are states and territories disestablished in the 1st century BC.

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Ptolemy IV Philopator

Ptolemy IV Philopator (Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr; "Ptolemy, lover of his Father"; May/June 244 – July/August 204 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC.

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Raizdos

Raizdos (Ῥαίζδος, the Latin form would be Rhaezdus) was possibly a king of the Odrysians in Thrace in the early 3rd century BC.

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Rhescuporis I (Odrysian)

Rhescuporis I (Ancient Greek: Ραισκούπορις, Raiskouporis) was a possible king of the Odrysians in Thrace in the 3rd century BC.

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Rhodope Mountains

The Rhodopes (Родопи, Rodopi; Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, and the largest by area in Bulgaria, with over 83% of its area in the southern part of the country and the remainder in Greece.

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Rhoemetalces II (Greek: Ροιμητάλκης) was a Client Ruler in association with his mother Antonia Tryphaena of the Sapaean kingdom of Thrace under the Romans.

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Rhomphaia

The rhomphaia (ῥομφαία) was a close-combat bladed weapon used by the Thracians as early as 350-400 BC.

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Rogozen Treasure

The Rogozen Treasure (Рогозенско съкровище), called the find of the century, is a Thracian treasure.

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Roigos

Roigos (Ῥοιγος; the Latin form would be Rhoegus) was an Odrysian king in Thrace during the 3rd century BC.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

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Roman historiography

Roman historiography stretches back to at least the 3rd century BC and was indebted to earlier Greek historiography.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium. Odrysian kingdom and Roman Republic are states and territories disestablished in the 1st century BC.

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Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Sapaeans

Sapaeans, Sapaei or Sapaioi (Ancient Greek, "Σαπαίοι") were a Thracian tribe close to the Greek city of Abdera. Odrysian kingdom and Sapaeans are ancient Thrace and ancient tribes in the Balkans.

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Satrap

A satrap was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires.

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Scale armour

Scale armour is an early form of armour consisting of many individual small armour scales (plates) of various shapes attached to each other and to a backing of cloth or leather in overlapping rows.

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Scyles

Scyles, Skyles, or Scylas (Scythian:; Σκυλης, romanized:; Latin: Scyles), was a Scythian king who lived in the 5th century BC.

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Scythian campaign of Darius I

The Scythian campaign of Darius I was a military expedition into parts of European Scythia by Darius I, the king of the Achaemenid Empire, in 513 BC. Odrysian kingdom and Scythian campaign of Darius I are ancient history of Romania.

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Scythians

The Scythians or Scyths (but note Scytho- in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.

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Sea of Marmara

The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, is a small inland sea located entirely within the borders of Turkey.

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Second Macedonian War

The Second Macedonian War (200–197 BC) was fought between Macedon, led by Philip V of Macedon, and Rome, allied with Pergamon and Rhodes.

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Second Persian invasion of Greece

The second Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC) occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars, as King Xerxes I of Persia sought to conquer all of Greece.

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Seleucid Empire

The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period. Odrysian kingdom and Seleucid Empire are states and territories disestablished in the 1st century BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Seleucid Empire

Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.

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Sestos

Sestos (Σηστός, Sestus) was an ancient city in Thrace.

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Seuthes I

Seuthes I (Σεύθης, Seuthēs) was king of the Odrysians in Thrace from 424 BC until at least 411 BC.

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Seuthes II

Seuthes II (Σεύθης, Seuthēs) was a ruler in the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace, attested from 405 to 387 BC.

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Seuthes III

Seuthes III (Σεύθης, Seuthēs) was a king of Odrysia, a part of Thrace, during the late 4th century BC (securely attested between 324 and 312 BC).

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Seuthes IV

Seuthes IV (Ancient Greek: Σεύθης, Seuthēs) was a possible king of the Odrysians in Thrace during the 3rd century BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Seuthes IV

Seuthes V

Seuthes V (Ancient Greek: Σεύθης, Seuthēs) was a king of the Odrysians in Thrace in the late 3rd or early 2nd century BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Seuthes V

Seuthopolis

Seuthopolis (Ancient Greek: Σευθόπολις) was an ancient hellenistic-type city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes III between 325–315 BC which was the capital of the Odrysian kingdom.

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Sinemorets

Sinemorets (Синеморец; also Sinemorec, Sinemoretz, "place on the blue sea") is a village and seaside resort on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria.

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Sitalces

Sitalces (Sitalkes) (Ancient Greek: Σιτάλκης, reigned 431–424 BC) was one of the great kings of the Thracian Odrysian state.

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Skudra

Skudra (translit) was a province (satrapy) of the Persian Achaemenid Empire in Europe between 510s BC and 479 BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Skudra

Sozopol

Sozopol (Созопол; translit) is an ancient seaside town located 35 km south of Burgas on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.

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Sparatocos

Sparadocos (Ancient Greek, Σπαράδοκος) was a king of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace from ca.

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Sparta

Sparta was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece.

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Spartocus I

Spartocus I (Spartokos) was the founder and first ruler of the Spartocid dynasty in the Bosporan Kingdom.

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Sredna Gora

Sredna Gora (Средна гора) is a mountain range in central Bulgaria, situated south of and parallel to the Balkan Mountains and extending from the river Iskar to the west and the elbow of river Tundzha north of the city of Yambol to the east.

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Starosel

Starosel (Старосел) is a village in central Bulgaria, Hisarya Municipality, Plovdiv Province.

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Strabo

StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.

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Strandzha

Strandzha (Странджа, also transliterated as Strandja,; Istranca, or Yıldız) is a mountain massif in southeastern Bulgaria and East Thrace, the European part of Turkey.

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Strategos

Strategos, plural strategoi, Latinized strategus, (στρατηγός, pl.; Doric Greek: στραταγός, stratagos; meaning "army leader") is used in Greek to mean military general.

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Struma (river)

The Struma or Strymónas (Bulgarian: Струма; Στρυμόνας) is a river in Bulgaria and Greece.

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Stryama

The Stryama (Стряма, known in Antiquity as Syrmus) is a river in southern Bulgaria, an important left tributary of the Maritsa.

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Tacitus

Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (–), was a Roman historian and politician.

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Talent (measurement)

The talent (Ancient Greek: τάλαντον, talanton, Latin talentum) was a unit of weight used in the ancient world, often used for weighing gold and silver, but also mentioned in connection with other metals, ivory, and frankincense.

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Teres I

Teres I (reigned 460–445 BC) was the first king of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace.

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Teres II

Teres II or Teres III (Tḗrēs) was a king of the Odrysians in Thrace from 351 BC to 341 BC.

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Teres III

Teres III (Τήρης) was a king of the Odrysians in Thrace in 149 BC, the son of Cotys IV.

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Thasos

Thasos or Thassos (Θάσος, Thásos) is a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea.

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Third Macedonian War

The Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC) was a war fought between the Roman Republic and King Perseus of Macedon.

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Thrace

Thrace (Trakiya; Thráki; Trakya) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe.

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Thracia

Thracia or Thrace (Thrakē) is the ancient name given to the southeastern Balkan region, the land inhabited by the Thracians.

See Odrysian kingdom and Thracia

Thracian clothing

Thracian clothing refers to types of clothing worn mainly by Thracians, DaciansThe Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,, page 18 but also by some Greeks. Odrysian kingdom and Thracian clothing are ancient Thrace.

See Odrysian kingdom and Thracian clothing

Thracian kingdom (Roman vassal state)

The Thracian kingdom, also called the Sapaean kingdom, was an ancient Thracian state in the southeastern Balkans that existed from the middle of the 1st century BC to 46 AD. Odrysian kingdom and Thracian kingdom (Roman vassal state) are ancient Thrace, ancient tribes in Bulgaria, ancient tribes in the Balkans and roman client kingdoms.

See Odrysian kingdom and Thracian kingdom (Roman vassal state)

Thracian language

The Thracian language is an extinct and poorly attested language, spoken in ancient times in Southeast Europe by the Thracians.

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Thracian religion

The Thracian religion comprised the mythology, ritual practices and beliefs of the Thracians, a collection of closely related ancient Indo-European peoples who inhabited eastern and southeastern Europe and northwestern Anatolia throughout antiquity and who included the Thracians proper, the Getae, the Dacians, and the Bithynians.

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Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari

The Thracian Tomb of Svestari (Свещарска гробница, Sveshtarska grobnitsa) is southwest of the village of Sveshtari, Razgrad Province, which is northeast of Razgrad, in northeast Bulgaria.

See Odrysian kingdom and Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari

Thracians

The Thracians (translit; Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Southeast Europe in ancient history. Odrysian kingdom and Thracians are ancient Thrace, ancient history of Romania, ancient tribes in Bulgaria and ancient tribes in the Balkans.

See Odrysian kingdom and Thracians

Thraco-Illyrian

The term Thraco-Illyrian refers to a hypothesis according to which the Daco-Thracian and Illyrian languages comprise a distinct branch of Indo-European. Odrysian kingdom and Thraco-Illyrian are ancient Thrace.

See Odrysian kingdom and Thraco-Illyrian

Thrasybulus

Thrasybulus (Θρασύβουλος; 440 – 388 BC) was an Athenian general and democratic leader.

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Thucydides

Thucydides (Θουκυδίδης||; BC) was an Athenian historian and general.

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Tithe

A tithe (from Old English: teogoþa "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government.

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Tomb of Seuthes III

The Tomb of Seuthes III is located near Kazanlak, Bulgaria.

See Odrysian kingdom and Tomb of Seuthes III

Triballi

The Triballi (Triballoí, Triballi) were an ancient people who lived in northern Bulgaria in the region of Roman Oescus up to southeastern Serbia, possibly near the territory of the Morava Valley in the late Iron Age. Odrysian kingdom and Triballi are ancient tribes in Bulgaria.

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Trousers

Trousers (British English), slacks, or pants (American and Canadian English) are an item of clothing worn from the waist to anywhere between the knees and the ankles, covering both legs separately (rather than with cloth extending across both legs as in robes, skirts, dresses and kilts).

See Odrysian kingdom and Trousers

Tundzha

The Tundzha (Тунджа, Tunca, Τόνζος) is a river in Bulgaria and Turkey (known in antiquity as the Tonsus) and the most significant tributary of the Maritsa, emptying into it on Turkish territory near Edirne.

See Odrysian kingdom and Tundzha

Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

See Odrysian kingdom and Turkey

Tylis

Copper coin of Cavarus, the last king of Tylis Tylis (Greek: Τύλις) or Tyle was a capital of a short-lived Balkan state mentioned by Polybius that was founded by Celts led by Comontorius in the 3rd century BC. Odrysian kingdom and Tylis are ancient tribes in Bulgaria.

See Odrysian kingdom and Tylis

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

See Odrysian kingdom and Ukraine

Valea Nucarilor

Valea Nucarilor is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania.

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Varna, Bulgaria

Varna (Варна) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and in the Northern Bulgaria region.

See Odrysian kingdom and Varna, Bulgaria

Vazovo

Vazovo (Вазово, formerly Ески Балабанлар, Eski Balabanlar) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of the Isperih Municipality of Razgrad Province, located in the central part of the Ludogorie region.

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Wars of the Delian League

The Wars of the Delian League (477–449 BC) were a series of campaigns fought between the Delian League of Athens and her allies (and later subjects), and the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.

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Western Thrace

Western Thrace or West Thrace (Θράκη, Thráki) also known as Greek Thrace or Aegean Thrace, is a geographic and historical region of Greece, between the Nestos and Evros rivers in the northeast of the country; East Thrace, which lies east of the river Evros, forms the European part of Turkey, and the area to the north, in Bulgaria, is known as Northern Thrace.

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Wool

Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids.

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Xenophon

Xenophon of Athens (Ξενοφῶν||; probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens.

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Xerxes I

Xerxes I (– August 465 BC), commonly known as Xerxes the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 486 BC until his assassination in 465 BC.

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Zalmoxis

Zalmoxis (Ζάλμοξις) also known as Salmoxis (Σάλμοξις), Zalmoxes (Ζάλμοξες), Zamolxis (Ζάμολξις), Samolxis (Σάμολξις), Zamolxes (Ζάμολξες), or Zamolxe (Ζάμολξε) is a divinity of the Getae and Dacians (a people of the lower Danube), mentioned by Herodotus in his ''Histories'' Book IV, 93–96, written before 425 BC.

See Odrysian kingdom and Zalmoxis

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odrysian_kingdom

Also known as Kingdom of Odrysia, Odrissia, Odrys, Odrysae, Odrysai, Odryses, Odrysi, Odrysia, Odrysian, Odrysian state, Odrysians.

, Cothelas, Cotys I (Odrysian), Cotys II (Odrysian), Cotys III (Odrysian), Cotys IV, Crenides (Macedonia), Dacia, Dacians, Danube, Dardanelles, Darius the Great, Diodorus Siculus, Doriscus, Dromichaetes, East Thrace, Eion, Ephesus, Europe, Flax, Gallipoli, Getae, Great Morava, Greave, Greece, Greek language, Hebryzelmis, Hellenistic period, Hellenization, Hemp, Heraeum (Thrace), Herodotus, Homer, Illyria, Illyrians, Ionia (satrapy), Ionian Sea, Iphicrates, Iran, Iskar (river), Jacket, Kazanlak, Labrys, Lingua franca, List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia, List of kings of Thrace and Dacia, Livy, Lukovit Treasure, Lysimachia (Thrace), Lysimachus, Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Maisades, Mardonius (nephew of Darius I), Maritsa, Maroneia, Meda of Odessos, Megabazus, Moldova, Moldova State University, Muntenia, Muscle cuirass, Mysia, Naqsh-e Rostam, Northern Dobruja, Northern Greece, Novinite, Numismatics, Octamasadas, Orestias, Paeonia (kingdom), Panagyurishte Treasure, Peloponnesian League, Peloponnesian War, Peltast, Perdiccas II of Macedon, Peretu, Perseus of Macedon, Philip II of Macedon, Philip V of Macedon, Philippi, Philippopolis (Thrace), Phrygian helmet, Polybius, Pontic–Caspian steppe, Ptolemaic dynasty, Ptolemy IV Philopator, Raizdos, Rhescuporis I (Odrysian), Rhodope Mountains, Rhoemetalces II, Rhomphaia, Rogozen Treasure, Roigos, Roman Empire, Roman historiography, Roman Republic, Romania, Sapaeans, Satrap, Scale armour, Scyles, Scythian campaign of Darius I, Scythians, Sea of Marmara, Second Macedonian War, Second Persian invasion of Greece, Seleucid Empire, Serbia, Sestos, Seuthes I, Seuthes II, Seuthes III, Seuthes IV, Seuthes V, Seuthopolis, Sinemorets, Sitalces, Skudra, Sozopol, Sparatocos, Sparta, Spartocus I, Sredna Gora, Starosel, Strabo, Strandzha, Strategos, Struma (river), Stryama, Tacitus, Talent (measurement), Teres I, Teres II, Teres III, Thasos, Third Macedonian War, Thrace, Thracia, Thracian clothing, Thracian kingdom (Roman vassal state), Thracian language, Thracian religion, Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari, Thracians, Thraco-Illyrian, Thrasybulus, Thucydides, Tithe, Tomb of Seuthes III, Triballi, Trousers, Tundzha, Turkey, Tylis, Ukraine, Valea Nucarilor, Varna, Bulgaria, Vazovo, Wars of the Delian League, Western Thrace, Wool, Xenophon, Xerxes I, Zalmoxis.

Odrysian kingdom, the Glossary

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