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Old Japanese, the Glossary

is the oldest attested stage of the Japanese language, recorded in documents from the Nara period (8th century).^[1]

121 relations: Ablative case, Accusative case, Adjectival noun (Japanese), Agglutinative language, Ainu language, Alexander Vovin, Allophone, Approximant, Asuka period, Auxiliary verb, Baekje, Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese, Bussokuseki-kahi, Ch'ŏphae Sinŏ, Chinese characters, Circular reasoning, Classical Chinese, Classical Japanese, Classifier (linguistics), Clitic, Close back rounded vowel, Comitative case, Conjunction (grammar), Coronal consonant, Dative case, Demonstrative, Diphthong, Early Middle Japanese, Early Modern Japanese, Eastern Old Japanese, Engishiki, Eta Funayama Kofun, Four tones (Middle Chinese), Fudoki, Genitive case, Grammatical aspect, Grammatical mood, Grammatical particle, Grammatical person, Grammatical tense, Haplology, Heian period, Heijō-kyō, Hideyo Arisaka, Idu script, Imperative mood, Inariyama Sword, Inchoative verb, Indefinite pronoun, Infinitive, ... Expand index (71 more) »
Ancient Japan
Ancient languages
Archaic Japanese language
Japonic languages
Languages attested from the 8th century
Old Japanese texts

Ablative case

In grammar, the ablative case (pronounced; sometimes abbreviated) is a grammatical case for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in the grammars of various languages; it is sometimes used to express motion away from something, among other uses.

See Old Japanese and Ablative case

Accusative case

In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb.

See Old Japanese and Accusative case

Adjectival noun (Japanese)

In descriptions of the Japanese language, an adjectival noun, adjectival, or na-adjective is a noun that can function as an adjective by taking the particle 〜な -na.

See Old Japanese and Adjectival noun (Japanese)

Agglutinative language

An agglutinative language is a type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination. Old Japanese and agglutinative language are agglutinative languages.

See Old Japanese and Agglutinative language

Ainu language

Ainu (アイヌ・イタㇰ), or more precisely Hokkaido Ainu (北海道アイヌ語), is a language spoken by a few elderly members of the Ainu people on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. Old Japanese and Ainu language are subject–object–verb languages.

See Old Japanese and Ainu language

Alexander Vovin

Alexander (Sasha) Vladimirovich Vovin (Александр Владимирович Вовин; 27 January 1961 – 8 April 2022) was a Soviet-born Russian-American linguist and philologist, and director of studies at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS) in Paris, France.

See Old Japanese and Alexander Vovin

Allophone

In phonology, an allophone (from the Greek ἄλλος,, 'other' and φωνή,, 'voice, sound') is one of multiple possible spoken soundsor phonesused to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language.

See Old Japanese and Allophone

Approximant

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.

See Old Japanese and Approximant

Asuka period

The was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period.

See Old Japanese and Asuka period

Auxiliary verb

An auxiliary verb (abbreviated) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.

See Old Japanese and Auxiliary verb

Baekje

Baekje or Paekche was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC to 660 AD.

See Old Japanese and Baekje

Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese

William H. Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese is an alphabetic notation recording phonological information from medieval sources, rather than a reconstruction.

See Old Japanese and Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese

Bussokuseki-kahi

The is a well-known monument in the Yakushi Temple in Nara, consisting of a traditional Buddha footprint inscribed with twenty-one poems, known as (also known as). Numbering twenty one poems in total, they are divided into two sections. Old Japanese and Bussokuseki-kahi are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Bussokuseki-kahi

Ch'ŏphae Sinŏ

Ch'ŏphae Sinŏ or is a Korean textbook of colloquial Japanese, written in 1618 and published by the Bureau of Interpreters in 1676.

See Old Japanese and Ch'ŏphae Sinŏ

Chinese characters

Chinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture.

See Old Japanese and Chinese characters

Circular reasoning

Circular reasoning (circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with.

See Old Japanese and Circular reasoning

Classical Chinese

Classical Chinese is the language in which the classics of Chinese literature were written, from.

See Old Japanese and Classical Chinese

Classical Japanese

The classical Japanese language (bungo, "literary language"), also called and sometimes simply called "Medieval Japanese", is the literary form of the Japanese language that was the standard until the early Shōwa period (1926–1989). Old Japanese and classical Japanese are archaic Japanese language.

See Old Japanese and Classical Japanese

Classifier (linguistics)

A classifier (abbreviated or) is a word or affix that accompanies nouns and can be considered to "classify" a noun depending on some characteristics (e.g. humanness, animacy, sex, shape, social status) of its referent.

See Old Japanese and Classifier (linguistics)

Clitic

In morphology and syntax, a clitic (backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός "leaning" or "enclitic"Crystal, David. A First Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1980. Print.) is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase.

See Old Japanese and Clitic

Close back rounded vowel

The close back rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages.

See Old Japanese and Close back rounded vowel

Comitative case

In grammar, the comitative case is a grammatical case that denotes accompaniment.

See Old Japanese and Comitative case

Conjunction (grammar)

In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated or) is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses that are called the conjuncts of the conjunctions.

See Old Japanese and Conjunction (grammar)

Coronal consonant

Coronals, denominated point-and-blade consonants prior, are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue.

See Old Japanese and Coronal consonant

Dative case

In grammar, the dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink".

See Old Japanese and Dative case

Demonstrative

Demonstratives (abbreviated) are words, such as this and that, used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others.

See Old Japanese and Demonstrative

Diphthong

A diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel or a vowel glide, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

See Old Japanese and Diphthong

Early Middle Japanese

is a stage of the Japanese language between 794 and 1185, which is known as the Heian period. Old Japanese and Early Middle Japanese are archaic Japanese language and languages attested from the 8th century.

See Old Japanese and Early Middle Japanese

Early Modern Japanese

was the stage of the Japanese language after Middle Japanese and before Modern Japanese.

See Old Japanese and Early Modern Japanese

Eastern Old Japanese

Eastern Old Japanese (abbreviated as.) is a group of heterogenous varieties of Old Japanese, historically spoken in the east of Japan, in the area traditionally called Togoku or Azuma. Old Japanese and Eastern Old Japanese are archaic Japanese language and Japonic languages.

See Old Japanese and Eastern Old Japanese

Engishiki

The is a Japanese book about laws and customs.

See Old Japanese and Engishiki

Eta Funayama Kofun

Eta Funayama Kofun is a kofun, or burial mound, located in Nagomi, Kumamoto in Japan. Old Japanese and Eta Funayama Kofun are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Eta Funayama Kofun

Four tones (Middle Chinese)

The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology are four traditional tone classes of Chinese words.

See Old Japanese and Four tones (Middle Chinese)

Fudoki

are ancient reports on provincial culture, geography, and oral tradition presented to the reigning monarchs of Japan, also known as local gazetteers. Old Japanese and Fudoki are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Fudoki

Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun.

See Old Japanese and Genitive case

Grammatical aspect

In linguistics, aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how a verbal action, event, or state, extends over time.

See Old Japanese and Grammatical aspect

Grammatical mood

In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality.

See Old Japanese and Grammatical mood

Grammatical particle

In grammar, the term particle (abbreviated) has a traditional meaning, as a part of speech that cannot be inflected, and a modern meaning, as a function word (functor) associated with another word or phrase in order to impart meaning.

See Old Japanese and Grammatical particle

Grammatical person

In linguistics, grammatical person is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person).

See Old Japanese and Grammatical person

Grammatical tense

In grammar, tense is a category that expresses time reference.

See Old Japanese and Grammatical tense

Haplology

Haplology (from Greek "simple" and, "speech") is, in spoken language, the elision (elimination or deletion) of an entire syllable or a part of it through dissimilation (a differentiating shift that affects two neighboring similar sounds).

See Old Japanese and Haplology

Heian period

The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185.

See Old Japanese and Heian period

Heijō-kyō

was the Capital of Japan during most of the Nara period, from 710 to 740 and again from 745 to 784.

See Old Japanese and Heijō-kyō

Hideyo Arisaka

was a Japanese linguist.

See Old Japanese and Hideyo Arisaka

Idu script

Idu ("official's reading") is an archaic writing system that represents the Korean language using Chinese characters ("hanja").

See Old Japanese and Idu script

Imperative mood

The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.

See Old Japanese and Imperative mood

Inariyama Sword

The iron or was excavated in 1968 at the Inariyama Kofun, a megalithic tomb located in Saitama Prefecture. Old Japanese and Inariyama Sword are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Inariyama Sword

Inchoative verb

An inchoative verb, sometimes called an "inceptive" verb, shows a process of beginning or becoming.

See Old Japanese and Inchoative verb

Indefinite pronoun

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun which does not have a specific, familiar referent.

See Old Japanese and Indefinite pronoun

Infinitive

Infinitive (abbreviated) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs.

See Old Japanese and Infinitive

Inflection

In linguistic morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and definiteness.

See Old Japanese and Inflection

Internal reconstruction

Internal reconstruction is a method of reconstructing an earlier state in a language's history using only language-internal evidence of the language in question.

See Old Japanese and Internal reconstruction

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

The, or Nichibunken (日文研), is an inter-university research institute in Kyoto.

See Old Japanese and International Research Center for Japanese Studies

Interrogative word

An interrogative word or question word is a function word used to ask a question, such as what, which, when, where, who, whom, whose, why, whether and how.

See Old Japanese and Interrogative word

Intransitive verb

In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object.

See Old Japanese and Intransitive verb

Iwanami Shoten

is a Japanese publishing company based in Tokyo.

See Old Japanese and Iwanami Shoten

Japanese dialects

The of the Japanese language fall into two primary clades, Eastern (including modern capital Tokyo) and Western (including old capital Kyoto), with the dialects of Kyushu and Hachijō Island often distinguished as additional branches, the latter perhaps the most divergent of all. Old Japanese and Japanese dialects are Japonic languages.

See Old Japanese and Japanese dialects

Japanese grammar

Japanese is an agglutinative, synthetic, mora-timed language with simple phonotactics, a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent.

See Old Japanese and Japanese grammar

Japanese language

is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. Old Japanese and Japanese language are agglutinative languages, Japonic languages, languages attested from the 8th century and subject–object–verb languages.

See Old Japanese and Japanese language

Japonic languages

Japonic or Japanese–Ryukyuan (Nichiryū gozoku), sometimes also Japanic, is a language family comprising Japanese, spoken in the main islands of Japan, and the Ryukyuan languages, spoken in the Ryukyu Islands.

See Old Japanese and Japonic languages

Kana

are syllabaries used to write Japanese phonological units, morae.

See Old Japanese and Kana

Kojiki

The, also sometimes read as or, is an early Japanese chronicle of myths, legends, hymns, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts down to 641 concerning the origin of the Japanese archipelago, the, and the Japanese imperial line. Old Japanese and Kojiki are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Kojiki

Kyōsuke Kindaichi

was a Japanese linguist, chiefly known for his dictations of yukar, or sagas of the Ainu people, as well as his study of the Matagi dialect.

See Old Japanese and Kyōsuke Kindaichi

Labial consonant

Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator.

See Old Japanese and Labial consonant

Late Middle Japanese

was a stage of the Japanese language following Early Middle Japanese and preceding Early Modern Japanese. Old Japanese and Late Middle Japanese are archaic Japanese language.

See Old Japanese and Late Middle Japanese

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Old Japanese and Latin are subject–object–verb languages.

See Old Japanese and Latin

Linguistic typology

Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison.

See Old Japanese and Linguistic typology

Liquid consonant

In linguistics, a liquid consonant or simply liquid is any of a class of consonants that consists of rhotics and voiced lateral approximants, which are also sometimes described as "R-like sounds" and "L-like sounds".

See Old Japanese and Liquid consonant

Logogram

In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek 'word', and 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme.

See Old Japanese and Logogram

Man'yōgana

is an ancient writing system that uses Chinese characters to represent the Japanese language. Old Japanese and Man'yōgana are archaic Japanese language.

See Old Japanese and Man'yōgana

Man'yōshū

The is the oldest extant collection of Japanese (poetry in Classical Japanese), compiled sometime after AD 759 during the Nara period. Old Japanese and Man'yōshū are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Man'yōshū

Middle Chinese

Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the Qieyun, a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions.

See Old Japanese and Middle Chinese

Miyakoan language

The Miyakoan language (宮古口/ミャークフツ Myākufutsu/Myākufutsї or 島口/スマフツ Sumafutsu/Sїmafutsї, Miyako-go) is a diverse dialect cluster spoken in the Miyako Islands, located southwest of Okinawa.

See Old Japanese and Miyakoan language

Modality (linguistics)

In linguistics and philosophy, modality refers to the ways language can express various relationships to reality or truth.

See Old Japanese and Modality (linguistics)

Mokkan

are wooden tablets found at Japanese archaeological sites. Old Japanese and Mokkan are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Mokkan

Nara (city)

is the capital city of Nara Prefecture, Japan.

See Old Japanese and Nara (city)

Nara period

The of the history of Japan covers the years from 710 to 794.

See Old Japanese and Nara period

Nasal consonant

In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.

See Old Japanese and Nasal consonant

Nihon Shoki

The, sometimes translated as The Chronicles of Japan, is the second-oldest book of classical Japanese history. Old Japanese and Nihon Shoki are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Nihon Shoki

Nominative case

In grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated), subjective case, straight case, or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb, or (in Latin and formal variants of English) a predicative nominal or adjective, as opposed to its object, or other verb arguments.

See Old Japanese and Nominative case

Norito

are liturgical texts or ritual incantations in Shinto, usually addressed to a given kami.

See Old Japanese and Norito

Obstruent

An obstruent is a speech sound such as,, or that is formed by obstructing airflow.

See Old Japanese and Obstruent

Old Chinese

Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese.

See Old Japanese and Old Chinese

Open vowel

An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.

See Old Japanese and Open vowel

Palatal consonant

Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).

See Old Japanese and Palatal consonant

Personal pronoun

Personal pronouns are pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they).

See Old Japanese and Personal pronoun

Pitch-accent language

A pitch-accent language is a type of language that, when spoken, has certain syllables in words or morphemes that are prominent, as indicated by a distinct contrasting pitch (linguistic tone) rather than by loudness or length, as in some other languages like English.

See Old Japanese and Pitch-accent language

Prenasalized consonant

Prenasalized consonants are phonetic sequences of a nasal and an obstruent (or occasionally a non-nasal sonorant) that behave phonologically like single consonants.

See Old Japanese and Prenasalized consonant

Principal parts

In language learning, the principal parts of a verb are those forms that a student must memorize in order to be able to conjugate the verb through all its forms.

See Old Japanese and Principal parts

Proto-Japonic language

Proto-Japonic, Proto-Japanese, or Proto-Japanese–Ryukyuan is the reconstructed language ancestral to the Japonic language family. Old Japanese and Proto-Japonic language are Japonic languages.

See Old Japanese and Proto-Japonic language

Records of the Three Kingdoms

The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE).

See Old Japanese and Records of the Three Kingdoms

Reflexive pronoun

A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun (its antecedent) within the same sentence.

See Old Japanese and Reflexive pronoun

Ruiju Myōgishō

The is a Japanese dictionary from the late Heian Period.

See Old Japanese and Ruiju Myōgishō

Ryukyuan languages

The, also Lewchewan or Luchuan, are the indigenous languages of the Ryukyu Islands, the southernmost part of the Japanese archipelago. Old Japanese and Ryukyuan languages are Japonic languages.

See Old Japanese and Ryukyuan languages

Sanseidō

is a Japanese publishing company known for publishing dictionaries and textbooks.

See Old Japanese and Sanseidō

Semivowel

In phonetics and phonology, a semivowel, glide or semiconsonant is a sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary, rather than as the nucleus of a syllable.

See Old Japanese and Semivowel

Shōsōin

The is the treasure house of Tōdai-ji Temple in Nara, Japan.

See Old Japanese and Shōsōin

Shinkichi Hashimoto

was a Japanese linguist, born in Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.

See Old Japanese and Shinkichi Hashimoto

Shoku Nihongi

The is an imperially-commissioned Japanese history text.

See Old Japanese and Shoku Nihongi

Sino-Japanese vocabulary

Sino-Japanese vocabulary, also known as, is a subset of Japanese vocabulary that originated in Chinese or was created from elements borrowed from Chinese. Old Japanese and Sino-Japanese vocabulary are archaic Japanese language.

See Old Japanese and Sino-Japanese vocabulary

Southern Ryukyuan languages

The form one of two branches of the Ryukyuan languages.

See Old Japanese and Southern Ryukyuan languages

Stative verb

According to some linguistics theories, a stative verb is a verb that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb, which describes an action.

See Old Japanese and Stative verb

Subject–object–verb word order

In linguistic typology, a subject–object–verb (SOV) language is one in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence always or usually appear in that order. Old Japanese and subject–object–verb word order are subject–object–verb languages.

See Old Japanese and Subject–object–verb word order

Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror

The in Hashimoto, Wakayama, Japan is a National Treasure of Japan. Old Japanese and Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror are old Japanese texts.

See Old Japanese and Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror

Suiko period

The Suiko period is a chronological timeframe during the Asuka period of Japanese history.

See Old Japanese and Suiko period

Syllable

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds, typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).

See Old Japanese and Syllable

Syllabogram

Syllabograms are graphemes used to write the syllables or morae of words.

See Old Japanese and Syllabogram

Tone pattern

Tone patterns are common constraints in classical Chinese poetry.

See Old Japanese and Tone pattern

Transitive verb

A transitive verb is a verb that entails one or more transitive objects, for example, 'enjoys' in Amadeus enjoys music.

See Old Japanese and Transitive verb

Turkic languages

The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia. Old Japanese and Turkic languages are agglutinative languages.

See Old Japanese and Turkic languages

University of Tokyo Press

The is a university press affiliated with the University of Tokyo in Japan.

See Old Japanese and University of Tokyo Press

Velar consonant

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (also known as the "velum").

See Old Japanese and Velar consonant

Voice (grammar)

In grammar, the voice (aka diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice.

See Old Japanese and Voice (grammar)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Japanese

Also known as Archaic Japanese language, ISO 639:ojp, Jōdai nihongo, Old Japanese language, Pre-Old Japanese, .

, Inflection, Internal reconstruction, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Interrogative word, Intransitive verb, Iwanami Shoten, Japanese dialects, Japanese grammar, Japanese language, Japonic languages, Kana, Kojiki, Kyōsuke Kindaichi, Labial consonant, Late Middle Japanese, Latin, Linguistic typology, Liquid consonant, Logogram, Man'yōgana, Man'yōshū, Middle Chinese, Miyakoan language, Modality (linguistics), Mokkan, Nara (city), Nara period, Nasal consonant, Nihon Shoki, Nominative case, Norito, Obstruent, Old Chinese, Open vowel, Palatal consonant, Personal pronoun, Pitch-accent language, Prenasalized consonant, Principal parts, Proto-Japonic language, Records of the Three Kingdoms, Reflexive pronoun, Ruiju Myōgishō, Ryukyuan languages, Sanseidō, Semivowel, Shōsōin, Shinkichi Hashimoto, Shoku Nihongi, Sino-Japanese vocabulary, Southern Ryukyuan languages, Stative verb, Subject–object–verb word order, Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror, Suiko period, Syllable, Syllabogram, Tone pattern, Transitive verb, Turkic languages, University of Tokyo Press, Velar consonant, Voice (grammar), Voice (phonetics), Voiceless bilabial fricative, Voiceless bilabial plosive, Voicelessness, Vowel harmony, Word order, Yaeyama language, Yonaguni language.

Old Japanese, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Ancient Japan

Ancient languages

Archaic Japanese language

Japonic languages

Languages attested from the 8th century

Old Japanese texts

References