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Olmecs, the Glossary

The Olmecs were the earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization.^[1]

221 relations: A History of the World in 100 Objects, Agave americana, Alfonso Caso, Alfred A. Knopf, Alluvium, Altepetl, American Anthropological Association, American Anthropologist, American Antiquity, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Anthropomorphism, Antiquities, Archaeology, Archaic period in Mesoamerica, Art history, Aventurine, Avocado, Aztec Empire, Aztecs, Basalt, Bay of Campeche, BBC, Bloodletting in Mesoamerica, Bog, Brigham Young University, British Museum, Cambridge University Press, Cascajal Block, Cassava, Castilla elastica, Celt (tool), Cerro de las Mesas, Chalcatzingo, Cinnabar, Civilization, Cleveland Museum of Art, Coatzacoalcos River, Common Era, Common sunflower, Compass, Cucurbitaceae, Dallas, Dallas Museum of Art, Deer, Deity, Duke University Press, Dumbarton Oaks, Egyptology, El Azuzul, El Baúl, ... Expand index (171 more) »
16th-century BC establishments
4th-century BC disestablishments
Formative period in the Americas
History of Guerrero
History of Tabasco
History of Veracruz
Hyperdiffusionism
Olmec
Pre-Columbian cultures of Mexico

A History of the World in 100 Objects

A History of the World in 100 Objects was a joint project of BBC Radio 4 and the British Museum, consisting of a 100-part radio series written and presented by British Museum director Neil MacGregor.

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Agave americana

Agave americana, commonly known as the century plant, maguey, or American aloe, is a flowering plant species belonging to the family Asparagaceae.

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Alfonso Caso

Alfonso Caso y Andrade (1 February 1896 – 30 November 1970) was an archaeologist who made important contributions to pre-Columbian studies in his native Mexico.

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Alfred A. Knopf

Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915.

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Alluvium

Alluvium is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings.

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The altepetl (āltepētl, plural altepeme or altepemeh) was the local, ethnically-based political entity, usually translated into English as "city-state", of pre-Columbian Nahuatl-speaking societiesSmith 1997 p. 37 in the Americas.

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American Anthropological Association

The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is an organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of anthropology.

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American Anthropologist

American Anthropologist is the flagship journal of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), published quarterly by Wiley.

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American Antiquity

The professional journal American Antiquity is published by Cambridge University Press for the Society for American Archaeology, an organization of professional archaeologists of the Americas.

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American Association for the Advancement of Science

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.

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Anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities.

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Antiquities

Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Persia (Iran), Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures.

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Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Archaic period in Mesoamerica

The Archaic period, also known as the preceramic period,Kennett 2012, p. 1.

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Art history

Art history is, briefly, the history of art—or the study of a specific type of objects created in the past.

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Aventurine

Aventurine is a form of quartzite, characterised by its translucency and the presence of platy mineral inclusions that give it a shimmering or glistening effect termed aventurescence.

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Avocado

The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (Persea americana) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae).

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Aztec Empire

The Aztec Empire or the Triple Alliance (Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān, ˈjéːʃkaːn̥ t͡ɬaʔtoːˈlóːjaːn̥) was an alliance of three Nahua city-states: italic, italic, and italic.

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Aztecs

The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. Olmecs and Aztecs are Mesoamerican cultures and pre-Columbian cultures of Mexico.

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Basalt

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon.

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Bay of Campeche

The Bay of Campeche (Bahía de Campeche), or Campeche Sound, is a bight in the southern area of the Gulf of Mexico, forming the north side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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Bloodletting in Mesoamerica

Bloodletting was the ritualized practice of self-cutting or piercing of an individual's body that served a number of ideological and cultural functions within ancient Mesoamerican societies, in particular the Maya.

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Bog

A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss.

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Brigham Young University

Brigham Young University (BYU) is a private research university in Provo, Utah, United States.

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British Museum

The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Cascajal Block

The Cascajal Block is a tablet-sized slab serpentinite dated to the early first millennium BCE, incised with previously unknown characters that have been claimed to represent the earliest writing system in the New World. Olmecs and Cascajal Block are Olmec.

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Cassava

Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, manioc,--> or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes.

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Castilla elastica

Castilla elastica, the Panama rubber tree, is a tree native to the tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.

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In archaeology, a celt is a long, thin, prehistoric, stone or bronze tool similar to an adze, hoe, or axe.

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Cerro de las Mesas

Cerro de las Mesas, meaning "hill of the altars" in Spanish, is an archaeological site in the Mexican state of Veracruz, in the Mixtequilla area of the Papaloapan River basin.

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Chalcatzingo

Chalcatzingo is a Mesoamerican archaeological site in the Valley of Morelos (municipality of Jantetelco) dating from the Formative Period of Mesoamerican chronology.

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Cinnabar

Cinnabar, or cinnabarite, also known as mercurblende is the bright scarlet to brick-red form of mercury(II) sulfide (HgS).

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Civilization

A civilization (civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts).

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Cleveland Museum of Art

The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.

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Coatzacoalcos River

The Coatzacoalcos is a large river that feeds mainly the south part of the state of Veracruz; it originates in the Sierra de Niltepec and crosses the state of Oaxaca in the region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, flowing for toward the Gulf of Mexico.

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Common Era

Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.

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Common sunflower

The common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a species of large annual forb of the daisy family Asteraceae.

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Compass

A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation.

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Cucurbitaceae

The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in 101 genera.

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Dallas

Dallas is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the most populous metropolitan area in Texas and the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 million people.

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Dallas Museum of Art

The Dallas Museum of Art (DMA) is an art museum located in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas, along Woodall Rodgers Freeway between St.

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Deer

A deer (deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family).

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Deity

A deity or god is a supernatural being considered to be sacred and worthy of worship due to having authority over the universe, nature or human life.

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Duke University Press

Duke University Press is an academic publisher and university press affiliated with Duke University.

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Dumbarton Oaks

Dumbarton Oaks, formally the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, is a historic estate in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It was the residence and gardens of wealthy U.S. diplomat Robert Woods Bliss and his wife Mildred Barnes Bliss.

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Egyptology

Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; علمالمصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt.

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El Azuzul

El Azuzul is an Olmec archaeological site in Veracruz, Mexico, a few kilometers south of the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán complex and generally considered contemporary with it (perhaps 1100 to 800 BCE).

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El Baúl

El Baúl is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in present-day Escuintla Department, Guatemala. Olmecs and El Baúl are Formative period in the Americas.

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El Manatí

El Manatí is an archaeological site located approximately 60 km south of Coatzacoalcos, in the municipality of Hidalgotitlán 27 kilometers southeast of Minatitlán in the Mexican state of Veracruz.

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El Tajín

El Tajín is a pre-Columbian archeological site in southern Mexico and is one of the largest and most important cities of the Classic era of Mesoamerica.

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Epi-Olmec culture

The Epi-Olmec culture was a cultural area in the central region of the present-day Mexican state of Veracruz. Olmecs and Epi-Olmec culture are Formative period in the Americas, Mesoamerican cultures and pre-Columbian cultures of Mexico.

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Epicanthic fold

An epicanthic fold or epicanthus is a skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye.

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Epigraphy

Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.

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Ethnohistory (journal)

Ethnohistory is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1954 and published quarterly by Duke University Press on behalf of the American Society for Ethnohistory.

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Feathered Serpent

The Feathered Serpent is a prominent supernatural entity or deity, found in many Mesoamerican religions.

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Frank J. Yurco

Frank J. Yurco (July 31, 1944 – February 6, 2004), born to Czechoslovakian immigrants in New York, was an Egyptologist from Chicago.

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Frans Blom

Frans Blom (9 August 1893 – 23 June 1963) was a Danish explorer and archaeologist.

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Garland Science

Garland Science was a publishing group that specialized in developing textbooks in a wide range of life sciences subjects, including cell and molecular biology, immunology, protein chemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics.

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George Frederick Kunz

George Frederick Kunz (September 29, 1856 – June 29, 1932) was an American mineralogist and mineral collector.

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George Kubler

George Alexander Kubler (July 26, 1912 - October 3, 1996) was an American art historian and among the foremost scholars on the art of Pre-Columbian America and Ibero-American Art.

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Greenstone (archaeology)

Greenstone is a common generic term for valuable, green-hued minerals and metamorphosed igneous rocks and stones which early cultures used in the fashioning of hardstone carvings such as jewelry, statuettes, ritual tools, and various other artifacts.

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Grijalva River

Grijalva River, formerly known as Tabasco River, (Río Grijalva, known locally also as Río Grande de Chiapas, Río Grande and Mezcalapa River) is a long river in southeastern Mexico.

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Guatemala

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America.

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Guerrero

Guerrero, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero (Estado Libre y Soberano de Guerrero), is one of the 32 states that comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly surrounded by the North American continent.

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Hacienda

A hacienda (or; or) is an estate (or finca), similar to a Roman latifundium, in Spain and the former Spanish Empire.

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Hardstone carving

Hardstone carving, in art history and archaeology, is the artistic carving of semi-precious stones (and sometimes gemstones), such as jade, rock crystal (clear quartz), agate, onyx, jasper, serpentinite, or carnelian, and for objects made in this way.

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Hematite

Hematite, also spelled as haematite, is a common iron oxide compound with the formula, Fe2O3 and is widely found in rocks and soils.

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Hevea brasiliensis

Hevea brasiliensis, the Pará rubber tree, sharinga tree, seringueira, or most commonly, rubber tree or rubber plant, is a flowering plant belonging to the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, originally native to the Amazon basin, but is now pantropical in distribution due to introductions.

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In situ

In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts.

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Indigenous peoples of Mexico

Indigenous peoples of Mexico (gente indígena de México, pueblos indígenas de México), Native Mexicans (nativos mexicanos) or Mexican Native Americans (lit), are those who are part of communities that trace their roots back to populations and communities that existed in what is now Mexico before the arrival of Europeans. Olmecs and Indigenous peoples of Mexico are indigenous peoples in Mexico.

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Indus River

The Indus is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia.

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Ipomoea alba

Ipomoea alba, known in English as tropical white morning glory, moonflower or moonvine, is a species of night-blooming morning glory, native to tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America, from Argentina to northern Mexico, Arizona, Florida and the West Indies.

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Isthmian script

The Isthmian script is an early set of symbols found in inscriptions around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, dating to, though with dates subject to disagreement.

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Ivan Van Sertima

Ivan Gladstone Van Sertima (26 January 1935 – 25 May 2009) was a Guyanese-born British associate professor of Africana Studies at Rutgers University in the United States.

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Izapa

Izapa is a very large pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the Mexican state of Chiapas; it is best known for its occupation during the Late Formative period. Olmecs and Izapa are 16th-century BC establishments.

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J. Eric S. Thompson

Sir John Eric Sidney Thompson (31 December 1898 – 9 September 1975) was a leading English Mesoamerican archaeologist, ethnohistorian, and epigrapher.

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Jade

Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or ornaments.

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Jade use in Mesoamerica

The use of jade in Mesoamerica for symbolic and ideological ritual was highly influenced by its rarity and value among pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Olmec, the Maya, and the various groups in the Valley of Mexico.

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Jadeite

Jadeite is a pyroxene mineral with composition NaAlSi2O6.

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Jaguar

The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas.

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Juxtlahuaca

Juxtlahuaca is a cave and archaeological site in the Mexican state of Guerrero containing murals linked to the Olmec motifs and iconography.

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Karl Taube

Karl Andreas Taube (born September 14, 1957) is an American Mesoamericanist, Mayanist, iconographer and ethnohistorian, known for his publications and research into the pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica and the American Southwest.

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La Democracia, Escuintla

italic is a town, with a population of 13,400 (2018 census), and a municipality, with a population of 23,017 (2018 census), in the Escuintla department of Guatemala.

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La Mojarra Stela 1

La Mojarra Stela 1 is a Mesoamerican carved monument (stela) dating from 156 CE (2nd century CE).

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La Venta

La Venta is a pre-Columbian archaeological site of the Olmec civilization located in the present-day Mexican state of Tabasco.

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Laguna de los Cerros

Laguna de los Cerros is a little-excavated Olmec and Classical era archaeological site, located in the vicinity of Corral Nuevo, within the municipality of Acayucan, in the Mexican state of Veracruz, in the southern foothills of the Tuxtla Mountains, some south of the Laguna Catemaco.

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Las Bocas

Las Bocas is a minor archaeological site in the Mexican state of Puebla, whose name has become attached, often erroneously, to a wide-ranging type of Olmec-style figurines and pottery.

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Las Limas Monument 1

Las Limas Monument 1, also known as the Las Limas figure or the Señor de las Limas, is a greenstone figure of a youth holding a limp were-jaguar baby.

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Latex

Latex is an emulsion (stable dispersion) of polymer microparticles in water.

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List of largest monoliths

This is a list of monoliths organized according to the size of the largest block of stone on the site.

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List of Mesoamerican pyramids

This is a list of Mesoamerican pyramids or ceremonial structures.

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List of pre-Columbian cultures

This is a list of pre-Columbian cultures.

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Lyle Campbell

Lyle Richard Campbell (born October 22, 1942) is an American scholar and linguist known for his studies of indigenous American languages, especially those of Central America, and on historical linguistics in general.

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Magnetite

Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula.

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Matthew Stirling

Matthew Williams Stirling (August 28, 1896 – January 23, 1975) was an American ethnologist, archaeologist and later an administrator at several scientific institutions in the field.

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Maya civilization

The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization that existed from antiquity to the early modern period. Olmecs and Maya civilization are Mesoamerican cultures and pre-Columbian cultures of Mexico.

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Maya mythology

Mayan or Maya mythology is part in of Mesoamerican mythology and comprises all of the Maya tales in which personified forces of nature, deities, and the heroes interacting with these play the main roles.

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Maya script

Maya script, also known as Maya glyphs, is historically the native writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican writing system that has been substantially deciphered.

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Merle Greene Robertson

Merle Greene Robertson (August 30, 1913 – April 22, 2011) was an American artist, art historian, archaeologist, lecturer and Mayanist researcher, renowned for her extensive work towards the investigation and preservation of the art, iconography, and writing of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Central America.

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Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the lands of central and southern Mexico, all of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Olmecs and Mesoamerica are indigenous peoples in Mexico.

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Mesoamerican ballgame

The Mesoamerican ballgame (ōllamalīztli,, pitz) was a sport with ritual associations played since at least 1650 BC by the pre-Columbian people of Ancient Mesoamerica.

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Mesoamerican calendars

The calendrical systems devised and used by the pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica, primarily a 260-day year, were used in religious observances and social rituals, such as divination.

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Mesoamerican chronology

Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Preclassic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic; as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present). Olmecs and Mesoamerican chronology are archaeological cultures of North America.

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Mesoamerican languages

Mesoamerican languages are the languages indigenous to the Mesoamerican cultural area, which covers southern Mexico, all of Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Olmecs and Mesoamerican languages are Mesoamerican cultures.

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Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is a non-repeating base-20 and base-18 calendar used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya.

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Mesoamerican writing systems

Mesoamerica, along with Mesopotamia and China, is one of three known places in the world where writing is thought to have developed independently.

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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.

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Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an encyclopedic art museum in New York City.

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Mexico

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.

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Mexico City

Mexico City (Ciudad de México,; abbr.: CDMX; Central Nahuatl:,; Otomi) is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America.

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Mezcala culture

The Mezcala culture (sometimes referred to as the Balsas culture) is the name given to a Mesoamerican culture that was based in the southern Mexican state of Guerrero,Coe and Koontz 1962, 2002, p.55. Olmecs and Mezcala culture are Formative period in the Americas, history of Guerrero and Mesoamerican cultures.

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Michael D. Coe

Michael Douglas Coe (May 14, 1929 – September 25, 2019) was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, epigrapher, and author.

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Midden

A midden is an old dump for domestic waste.

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Miguel Covarrubias

Miguel Covarrubias, also known as José Miguel Covarrubias Duclaud (22 November 1904 — 4 February 1957) was a Mexican painter, caricaturist, illustrator, ethnologist and art historian.

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Miguel León-Portilla

Miguel León-Portilla (22 February 1926 – 1 October 2019) was a Mexican anthropologist and historian, specializing in Aztec culture and literature of the pre-Columbian and colonial eras.

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Mineralogy

Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.

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Minneapolis

Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota.

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Minneapolis Institute of Art

The Minneapolis Institute of Art (Mia) is an arts museum located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.

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Mint Museum

The Mint Museum, also referred to as The Mint Museums, is a cultural institution comprising two museums, located in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture

The use of mirrors in Mesoamerican culture was associated with the idea that they served as portals to a realm that could be seen but not interacted with.

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Mixe–Zoque languages

The Mixe–Zoque (also: Mixe–Zoquean, Mije–Soke, Mije–Sokean) languages are a language family whose living members are spoken in and around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico.

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Mokaya

Mokaya were pre-Olmec cultures of the Soconusco region in Mexico and parts of the Pacific coast of western Guatemala, an archaeological culture that developed a number of Mesoamerica’s earliest-known sedentary settlements. Olmecs and Mokaya are Formative period in the Americas, Mesoamerican cultures and pre-Columbian cultures of Mexico.

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Monte Albán

Monte Albán is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Municipality in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca (17.043° N, 96.767°W).

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Morelos

Morelos, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos (Estado Libre y Soberano de Morelos), is a landlocked state located in south-central Mexico.

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Motagua River

The Motagua River is a river in Guatemala.

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Motif (visual arts)

In art and iconography, a motif is an element of an image.

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Museo de Antropología de Xalapa

The Museo de Antropología de Xalapa (Xalapa Museum of Anthropology) is an anthropological museum in the city of Xalapa, capital of the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico.

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Nahuas

The Nahuas are one of the Indigenous people of Mexico, with Nahua minorities also in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Olmecs and Nahuas are indigenous peoples in Mexico and Mesoamerican cultures.

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Nahuatl

Nahuatl, Aztec, or Mexicano is a language or, by some definitions, a group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family.

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National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

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National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW.

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Natural rubber

Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho, or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds.

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Nile

The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.

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Obsidian

Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth.

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Obsidian use in Mesoamerica

Obsidian is a naturally formed volcanic glass that was an important part of the material culture of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.

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Oliver La Farge

Oliver Hazard Perry La Farge II (December 19, 1901 – August 2, 1963) was an American writer and anthropologist.

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Olmec colossal heads

The Olmec colossal heads are stone representations of human heads sculpted from large basalt boulders.

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Olmec figurine

Olmec figurines are archetypical figurines produced by the Formative Period inhabitants of Mesoamerica.

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Olmec heartland

The Olmec heartland is the southern portion of Mexico's Gulf Coast region between the Tuxtla mountains and the Olmec archaeological site of La Venta, extending roughly 80 km (50 mi) inland from the Gulf of Mexico coastline at its deepest. Olmecs and Olmec heartland are Olmec.

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Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures

The causes and degree of Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures has been a subject of debate over many decades. Olmecs and Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures are Olmec.

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Opossum

Opossums are members of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia endemic to the Americas.

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Oxtotitlán

Oxtotitlán is a natural rock shelter and archaeological site in Chilapa de Álvarez, Mexican state of Guerrero that contains murals linked to the Olmec motifs and iconography.

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Paso de la Amada

Paso de la Amada (from Spanish: "beloved's pass") is an archaeological site in the Mexican state of Chiapas on the Gulf of Tehuantepec, in the Mazatán part of Soconusco region of Mesoamerica.

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PDF

Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

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Peccary

Peccaries (also javelinas or skunk pigs) are pig-like ungulates of the family Tayassuidae (New World pigs).

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Penguin Books

Penguin Books Limited is a British publishing house.

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Popol Vuh

Popol Vuh (also Popul Vuh or Pop Vuj) is a text recounting the mythology and history of the Kʼicheʼ people of Guatemala, one of the Maya peoples who also inhabit the Mexican states of Chiapas, Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo, as well as areas of Belize, Honduras and El Salvador.

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Pre-Columbian art

Pre-Columbian art refers to the visual arts of indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, North, Central, and South Americas from at least 13,000 BCE to the European conquests starting in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.

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Puebla

Puebla (colony, settlement), officially Free and Sovereign State of Puebla (Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Raccoon

The raccoon (or, Procyon lotor), also spelled racoon and sometimes called the common raccoon or northern raccoon to distinguish it from the other species, is a mammal native to North America.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Richard Diehl

Richard A. Diehl (born 1940) is an American archaeologist, anthropologist, academic, and scholar of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures.

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Root cellar

A root cellar (American and Canadian English), fruit cellar (Mid-Western American English) or earth cellar (British English) is a structure, usually underground.

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San Andrés (Mesoamerican site)

San Andrés is an Olmec archaeological site in the present-day Mexican state of Tabasco.

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San Bartolo (Maya site)

San Bartolo is a small pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site located in the Department of Petén in northern Guatemala, northeast of Tikal and roughly fifty miles from the nearest settlement.

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San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán

San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán or San Lorenzo is the collective name for three related archaeological sites—San Lorenzo, Tenochtitlán and Potrero Nuevo—located in the southeast portion of the Mexican state of Veracruz.

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San Martín Jilotepeque

San Martín Jilotepeque is a town, with a population of 10,812 (2018 census), and a municipality in the Chimaltenango department of Guatemala.

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San Martín Pajapan Monument 1

San Martín Pajapan Monument 1 is a large Olmec basalt sculpture found on top of the San Martin Pajapan volcano, in the Tuxtla Mountains of the Mexican state of Veracruz.

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Søren Wichmann

Søren Wichmann (born 1964) is a Danish linguist specializing in historical linguistics, linguistic typology, Mesoamerican languages, and epigraphy.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Scientific American

Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.

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Serpentine subgroup

Serpentine subgroup (part of the kaolinite-serpentine group in the category of phyllosilicates) are greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals commonly found in serpentinite.

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Serpentinite

Serpentinite is a metamorphic rock composed predominantly of one or more serpentine group minerals formed by near to complete serpentinization of mafic to ultramafic rocks.

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Shamanism

Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance.

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Short ton

The short ton (abbreviation tn) is a measurement unit equal to.

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Sierra de los Tuxtlas

The Sierra de Los Tuxtlas (Tuxtlas Mountains) are a volcanic belt and mountain range along the southeastern Veracruz Gulf coast in Eastern Mexico.

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Siltation

Siltation is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay.

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Slash-and-burn

Slash-and-burn agriculture is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden.

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Smithsonian Institution

The Smithsonian Institution, or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge." Founded on August 10, 1846, it operates as a trust instrumentality and is not formally a part of any of the three branches of the federal government.

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Society for American Archaeology

The Society for American Archaeology (SAA) is a professional association for the archaeology of the Americas.

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Soconusco, Veracruz

Soconusco is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, about from the state capital Xalapa.

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Southern Maya area

The Southern Maya Area (also abbreviated as SMA) is a region of Pre-Columbian sites in Mesoamerica.

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Stele

A stele,From Greek στήλη, stēlē, plural στήλαι stēlai; the plural in English is sometimes stelai based on direct transliteration of the Greek, sometimes stelae or stelæ based on the inflection of Greek nouns in Latin, and sometimes anglicized to steles.) or occasionally stela (stelas or stelæ) when derived from Latin, is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected in the ancient world as a monument.

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Stephen D. Houston

Stephen Douglas Houston (born November 11, 1958) is an American anthropologist, archaeologist, epigrapher, and Mayanist scholar, who is particularly renowned for his research into the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica.

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Stingray

Stingrays are a group of sea rays, a type of cartilaginous fish.

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Sylvanus Morley

Sylvanus Griswold Morley (June 7, 1883September 2, 1948) was an American archaeologist and epigrapher who studied the pre-Columbian Maya civilization in the early 20th century.

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Tabasco

Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco (Estado Libre y Soberano de Tabasco), is one of the 32 Federal Entities of the United Mexican States.

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Takalik Abaj

Tak'alik Ab'aj is a pre-Columbian archaeological site in Guatemala.

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Tamoanchan

Tamōhuānchān is a mythical location of origin known to the Mesoamerican cultures of the central Mexican region in the Late Postclassic period.

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Tectonics

Tectonics are the processes that result in the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time.

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Tenochtitlan

italic, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City.

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Teopantecuanitlan

Teopantecuanitlan is an archaeological site in the Mexican state of Guerrero that represents an unexpectedly early development of complex society for the region.

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Terrence Kaufman

Terrence Kaufman (1937 – March 3, 2022) was an American linguist specializing in documentation of unwritten languages, lexicography, Mesoamerican historical linguistics and language contact phenomena.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Thames & Hudson

Thames & Hudson (sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books in all visually creative categories: art, architecture, design, photography, fashion, film, and the performing arts.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Wrestler (sculpture)

The Wrestler is a basalt statuette dating back to between 1500 BCE and 400 BCE, which some believe to be one of the most important sculptures of the Olmec culture.

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Theobroma cacao

Theobroma cacao (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small (tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae.

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Tlapacoya (archeological site)

Tlapacoya is an important archaeological site in Mexico, located at the foot of the Tlapacoya volcano, southeast of Mexico City, on the former shore of Lake Chalco.

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Tlatilco

Tlatilco was a large pre-Columbian village in the Valley of Mexico situated near the modern-day town of the same name in the Mexican Federal District.

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Tlatilco culture

Tlatilco culture is a culture that flourished in the Valley of Mexico between the years 1250 BCE and 800 BCE, during the Mesoamerican Early Formative period. Olmecs and Tlatilco culture are Mesoamerican cultures.

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Tonne

The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.

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Travertine

Travertine is a form of terrestrial limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs.

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Tres Zapotes

Tres Zapotes is a Mesoamerican archaeological site located in the south-central Gulf Lowlands of Mexico in the Papaloapan River plain.

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Tuxtla Gutiérrez

Tuxtla Gutiérrez, or Tuxtla, is the capital and the largest city of the Mexican southeastern state of Chiapas.

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University of Arizona Press

The University of Arizona Press, a publishing house founded in 1959 as a department of the University of Arizona, is a nonprofit publisher of scholarly and regional books.

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University of California

The University of California (UC) is a public land-grant research university system in the U.S. state of California.

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University of Oklahoma Press

The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma.

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University of Utah Press

The University of Utah Press is the independent publishing branch of the University of Utah and is a division of the J. Willard Marriott Library.

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Valley of Mexico

The Valley of Mexico (Valle de México; lit), sometimes also called Basin of Mexico, is a highlands plateau in central Mexico.

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Veracruz

Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmecs

Also known as Olmec, Olmec art, Olmec civilization, Olmec civillization, Olmec culture, Olmec language, Olmec languages, Olmec medicine, Olmeca civilization, Tenocelome, The Olmecs Tribe.

, El Manatí, El Tajín, Epi-Olmec culture, Epicanthic fold, Epigraphy, Ethnohistory (journal), Feathered Serpent, Frank J. Yurco, Frans Blom, Garland Science, George Frederick Kunz, George Kubler, Greenstone (archaeology), Grijalva River, Guatemala, Guerrero, Gulf of Mexico, Hacienda, Hardstone carving, Hematite, Hevea brasiliensis, In situ, Indigenous peoples of Mexico, Indus River, Ipomoea alba, Isthmian script, Ivan Van Sertima, Izapa, J. Eric S. Thompson, Jade, Jade use in Mesoamerica, Jadeite, Jaguar, Juxtlahuaca, Karl Taube, La Democracia, Escuintla, La Mojarra Stela 1, La Venta, Laguna de los Cerros, Las Bocas, Las Limas Monument 1, Latex, List of largest monoliths, List of Mesoamerican pyramids, List of pre-Columbian cultures, Lyle Campbell, Magnetite, Matthew Stirling, Maya civilization, Maya mythology, Maya script, Merle Greene Robertson, Mesoamerica, Mesoamerican ballgame, Mesoamerican calendars, Mesoamerican chronology, Mesoamerican languages, Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Mesoamerican writing systems, Mesopotamia, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Mexico, Mexico City, Mezcala culture, Michael D. Coe, Midden, Miguel Covarrubias, Miguel León-Portilla, Mineralogy, Minneapolis, Minneapolis Institute of Art, Mint Museum, Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture, Mixe–Zoque languages, Mokaya, Monte Albán, Morelos, Motagua River, Motif (visual arts), Museo de Antropología de Xalapa, Nahuas, Nahuatl, National Academy of Sciences, National Gallery of Art, Natural rubber, Nile, Obsidian, Obsidian use in Mesoamerica, Oliver La Farge, Olmec colossal heads, Olmec figurine, Olmec heartland, Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures, Opossum, Oxtotitlán, Paso de la Amada, PDF, Peccary, Penguin Books, Popol Vuh, Pre-Columbian art, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Puebla, Raccoon, Radiocarbon dating, Richard Diehl, Root cellar, San Andrés (Mesoamerican site), San Bartolo (Maya site), San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán, San Martín Jilotepeque, San Martín Pajapan Monument 1, Søren Wichmann, Science (journal), Scientific American, Serpentine subgroup, Serpentinite, Shamanism, Short ton, Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Siltation, Slash-and-burn, Smithsonian Institution, Society for American Archaeology, Soconusco, Veracruz, Southern Maya area, Stele, Stephen D. Houston, Stingray, Sylvanus Morley, Tabasco, Takalik Abaj, Tamoanchan, Tectonics, Tenochtitlan, Teopantecuanitlan, Terrence Kaufman, Texas, Thames & Hudson, The New York Times, The Wrestler (sculpture), Theobroma cacao, Tlapacoya (archeological site), Tlatilco, Tlatilco culture, Tonne, Travertine, Tres Zapotes, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, University of Arizona Press, University of California, University of Oklahoma Press, University of Utah Press, Valley of Mexico, Veracruz, Vigesimal, Votive offering, Werejaguar, Xalapa, Yellow River, Zapotec script, Zazacatla, 0, 10th century BC, 12th century BC, 14th century BC, 1530s BC, 16th century BC, 400 BC, 4th century BC, 6th millennium BC.

Olmecs, the Glossary

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