Oncogene, the Glossary
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.[1]
Table of Contents
100 relations: ABL (gene), Acute leukemia, Allele, Anticancer gene, Apoptosis, Autocrine signaling, Bladder cancer, Bone marrow, Breast cancer, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, Burkitt lymphoma, C-Raf, Cancer, Cancer treatment, Cell (biology), Cell growth, Cellular differentiation, Chromosomal translocation, Chromosome abnormality, Coactivator (genetics), Cyclin-dependent kinase, DNA, DNA sequencing, Downregulation and upregulation, Enhancer (genetics), Enzyme, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Extracellular signal-regulated kinases, Fibrosarcoma, Fusion protein, Gene, Gene duplication, Gene expression, Genetic predisposition, Glioblastoma, Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z), Growth factor, GTPase, Harold E. Varmus, HER2, HRAS, J. Michael Bishop, Leukemia, Lymphoid leukemia, Mariano Barbacid, Melanoma, MicroRNA, Mitosis, Mutation, Myc, ... Expand index (50 more) »
- Carcinogenesis
ABL (gene)
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 also known as ABL1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ABL1 gene (previous symbol ABL) located on chromosome 9.
Acute leukemia
Acute leukemia or acute leukaemia is a family of serious medical conditions relating to an original diagnosis of leukemia.
See Oncogene and Acute leukemia
Allele
An allele, or allelomorph, is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule.
Anticancer gene
Anticancer genes exhibit a preferential ability to kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed.
See Oncogene and Anticancer gene
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.
Autocrine signaling
Autocrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell.
See Oncogene and Autocrine signaling
Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder.
See Oncogene and Bladder cancer
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones.
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is a cancer that develops from breast tissue.
See Oncogene and Breast cancer
Bruton's tyrosine kinase
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (abbreviated Btk or BTK), also known as tyrosine-protein kinase BTK, is a tyrosine kinase that is encoded by the BTK gene in humans.
See Oncogene and Bruton's tyrosine kinase
Burkitt lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center.
See Oncogene and Burkitt lymphoma
C-Raf
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf or even Raf-1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RAF1 gene.
Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer treatment
Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment.
See Oncogene and Cancer treatment
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
See Oncogene and Cell (biology)
Cell growth
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume.
Cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.
See Oncogene and Cellular differentiation
Chromosomal translocation
In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes.
See Oncogene and Chromosomal translocation
Chromosome abnormality
A chromosomal abnormality, chromosomal anomaly, chromosomal aberration, chromosomal mutation, or chromosomal disorder is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA.
See Oncogene and Chromosome abnormality
Coactivator (genetics)
A coactivator is a type of transcriptional coregulator that binds to an activator (a transcription factor) to increase the rate of transcription of a gene or set of genes.
See Oncogene and Coactivator (genetics)
Cyclin-dependent kinase
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a predominant group of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and its progression, ensuring the integrity and functionality of cellular machinery.
See Oncogene and Cyclin-dependent kinase
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See Oncogene and DNA
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA.
See Oncogene and DNA sequencing
Downregulation and upregulation
In biochemistry, in the biological context of organisms' regulation of gene expression and production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus.
See Oncogene and Downregulation and upregulation
Enhancer (genetics)
In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur.
See Oncogene and Enhancer (genetics)
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is a transmembrane protein that is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF family) of extracellular protein ligands. Oncogene and epidermal growth factor receptor are oncogenes.
See Oncogene and Epidermal growth factor receptor
In molecular biology, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells.
See Oncogene and Extracellular signal-regulated kinases
Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma (fibroblastic sarcoma) is a malignant mesenchymal tumour derived from fibrous connective tissue and characterized by the presence of immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells in a storiform pattern.
Fusion protein
Fusion proteins or chimeric (kī-ˈmir-ik) proteins (literally, made of parts from different sources) are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins.
See Oncogene and Fusion protein
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.
See Oncogene and Gene duplication
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Oncogene and Gene expression
Genetic predisposition
A genetic predisposition is a genetic characteristic which influences the possible phenotypic development of an individual organism within a species or population under the influence of environmental conditions.
See Oncogene and Genetic predisposition
Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive and most common type of cancer that originates in the brain, and has a very poor prognosis for survival. Initial signs and symptoms of glioblastoma are nonspecific. They may include headaches, personality changes, nausea, and symptoms similar to those of a stroke.
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, including molecular genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology.
See Oncogene and Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation.
See Oncogene and Growth factor
GTPase
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP).
Harold E. Varmus
Harold Eliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American Nobel Prize-winning scientist.
See Oncogene and Harold E. Varmus
HER2
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 is a protein that normally resides in the membranes of cells and is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Oncogene and HER2 are oncogenes.
HRAS
GTPase HRas, from "Harvey Rat sarcoma virus", also known as transforming protein p21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene. Oncogene and HRAS are oncogenes.
J. Michael Bishop
John Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Harold E. Varmus.
See Oncogene and J. Michael Bishop
Leukemia
Leukemia (also spelled leukaemia; pronounced) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and produce high numbers of abnormal blood cells.
Lymphoid leukemia
Lymphoid leukemias are a group of leukemias affecting circulating lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.
See Oncogene and Lymphoid leukemia
Mariano Barbacid
Mariano Barbacid Montalbán (born 4 October 1949 in Madrid) is a Spanish molecular biochemist who discovered the first oncogene HRAS.
See Oncogene and Mariano Barbacid
Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer; it develops from the melanin-producing cells known as melanocytes.
MicroRNA
MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides.
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
Myc
Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. Oncogene and Myc are oncogenes.
See Oncogene and Myc
Myeloid leukemia
Myeloid leukemia is a type of leukemia affecting myeloid tissue.
See Oncogene and Myeloid leukemia
N-Myc
N-myc proto-oncogene protein also known as N-Myc or basic helix-loop-helix protein 37 (bHLHe37), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCN gene.
National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) coordinates the United States National Cancer Program and is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
See Oncogene and National Cancer Institute
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Oncogene and Nature (journal)
Neoplasm
A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a type of cancer that forms in certain types of nerve tissue. It most frequently starts from one of the adrenal glands but can also develop in the head, neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. Symptoms may include bone pain, a lump in the abdomen, neck, or chest, or a painless bluish lump under the skin.
See Oncogene and Neuroblastoma
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine.
See Oncogene and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nucleic acid sequence
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.
See Oncogene and Nucleic acid sequence
Oncogenomics
Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.
Oncometabolism is the field of study that focuses on the metabolic changes that occur in cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) and accompany oncogenesis and tumor progression toward a neoplastic state.
See Oncogene and Oncometabolism
Oncomir
An oncomir (also oncomiR) is a microRNA (miRNA) that is associated with cancer. Oncogene and oncomir are Carcinogenesis.
Oncovirus
An oncovirus or oncogenic virus is a virus that can cause cancer. Oncogene and oncovirus are Carcinogenesis.
Osteosarcoma
An osteosarcoma (OS) or osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) (or simply bone cancer) is a cancerous tumor in a bone.
Peter Nowell
Peter Carey Nowell (February 8, 1928 – December 26, 2016) was a cancer researcher and co-discoverer of the Philadelphia chromosome.
Philadelphia chromosome
The Philadelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation (Ph) is a specific genetic abnormality in chromosome 22 of leukemia cancer cells (particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells).
See Oncogene and Philadelphia chromosome
Platelet-derived growth factor
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one among numerous growth factors that regulate cell growth and division.
See Oncogene and Platelet-derived growth factor
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R) are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family.
See Oncogene and Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy (from Greek, 'more', and, 'way') occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
Prognosis
Prognosis (Greek: πρόγνωσις "fore-knowing, foreseeing";: prognoses) is a medical term for predicting the likelihood or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain stable over time; expectations of quality of life, such as the ability to carry out daily activities; the potential for complications and associated health issues; and the likelihood of survival (including life expectancy).
Prognosis marker
Prognostic markers are biomarkers used to measure the progress of a disease in the patient sample.
See Oncogene and Prognosis marker
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, also known as proto-oncogene c-Src, or simply c-Src (cellular Src; pronounced "sarc", as it is short for sarcoma), is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein that in humans is encoded by the SRC gene. Oncogene and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src are oncogenes.
See Oncogene and Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
Quantitative trait locus
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a locus (section of DNA) that correlates with variation of a quantitative trait in the phenotype of a population of organisms.
See Oncogene and Quantitative trait locus
Ras GTPase
Ras, from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs. Oncogene and Ras GTPase are oncogenes.
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones.
See Oncogene and Receptor tyrosine kinase
Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
See Oncogene and Regulation of gene expression
Retrovirus
A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA).
See Oncogene and RNA
Robert Huebner
Robert Joseph Huebner (February 23, 1914 – August 26, 1998), was an American physician and virologist whose research into viruses, their causes and treatment that led to his breakthrough insights into the connections between viruses and cancer, leading to new treatments, as well as his hypothesized oncogene, which was discovered to be a trigger for normal cells turning cancerous.
See Oncogene and Robert Huebner
Robert Weinberg (biologist)
Robert Allan Weinberg (born November 11, 1942) is a biologist, Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), director of the Ludwig Center of the MIT, and American Cancer Society Research Professor.
See Oncogene and Robert Weinberg (biologist)
Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
Sense (molecular biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids.
See Oncogene and Sense (molecular biology)
Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
A serine/threonine protein kinase is a kinase enzyme, in particular a protein kinase, that phosphorylates the OH group of the amino-acid residues serine or threonine, which have similar side chains.
See Oncogene and Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events.
See Oncogene and Signal transduction
Stem cell
In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can change into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell.
The Emperor of All Maladies
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer is a book written by Siddhartha Mukherjee, an Indian-born American physician and oncologist.
See Oncogene and The Emperor of All Maladies
Theodor Boveri
Theodor Heinrich Boveri (12 October 1862 – 15 October 1915) was a German zoologist, comparative anatomist and co-founder of modern cytology.
See Oncogene and Theodor Boveri
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
See Oncogene and Transcription (biology)
Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
See Oncogene and Transcription factor
Trk receptor
Trk receptors are a family of tyrosine kinases that regulates synaptic strength and plasticity in the mammalian nervous system.
Tumor suppressor gene
A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. Oncogene and tumor suppressor gene are Carcinogenesis.
See Oncogene and Tumor suppressor gene
Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residues of specific proteins inside a cell.
See Oncogene and Tyrosine kinase
Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK
Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK, also known as spleen tyrosine kinase, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the SYK gene.
See Oncogene and Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California.
See Oncogene and University of California, Berkeley
University of California, San Francisco
The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) is a public land-grant research university in San Francisco, California.
See Oncogene and University of California, San Francisco
V-Src
v-Src is a gene found in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) that encodes a tyrosine kinase that causes a type of cancer in chickens. Oncogene and v-Src are oncogenes.
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by many cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels.
See Oncogene and Vascular endothelial growth factor
Wnt signaling pathway
The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors.
See Oncogene and Wnt signaling pathway
WWTR1
WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (WWTR1), also known as Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WWTR1 gene.
YAP1
YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1), also known as YAP or YAP65, is a protein that acts as a transcription coregulator that promotes transcription of genes involved in cellular proliferation and suppressing apoptotic genes.
See also
Carcinogenesis
- Aneugen
- Anticancer genes
- Armitage–Doll multistage model of carcinogenesis
- Binucleated cells
- Cancer cell
- Cancer dormancy
- Cancer stem cell
- Carcinogen
- Carcinogenesis
- Carcinogens
- Clonally transmissible cancer
- Co-carcinogen
- Epidemiology of cancer
- Escherichia coli NC101
- Genotoxicity
- HUMARA assay
- Helicobacter bizzozeronii
- Helicobacter heilmannii s.s
- Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato
- Helicobacter salomonis
- Helicobacter suis
- Human papillomavirus infection
- Infectious causes of cancer
- Janus Experiments
- Kataegis
- M1G
- MIR22HG
- Malignant transformation
- Micrometastasis
- Oncoantigen
- Oncogene
- Oncogenes
- Oncomir
- Oncovirus
- Palmitoyl acyltransferase
- Peto's paradox
- Reactive oxygen species
- René Bernards
- Somatic evolution in cancer
- Tumor initiation
- Tumor metabolome
- Tumor progression
- Tumor promotion
- Tumor suppressor gene
- Tumor suppressor genes
- Tumour heterogeneity
- Two-hit hypothesis
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogene
Also known as Fusion oncogene protein, Neoplasm protein, Onco gene, Oncogene protein, Oncogene proteins, Oncogene proteins, viral, Oncogenes, Oncongenes, Oncoprotein, Oncoproteins, Onkogene, Proto oncogene, Proto oncogenes, Proto-oncogene, Proto-oncogene proteins, Proto-oncogene proteins c-fos, Proto-oncogene proteins c-jun, Proto-oncogenes, Protooncogene.
, Myeloid leukemia, N-Myc, National Cancer Institute, Nature (journal), Neoplasm, Neuroblastoma, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nucleic acid sequence, Oncogenomics, Oncometabolism, Oncomir, Oncovirus, Osteosarcoma, Peter Nowell, Philadelphia chromosome, Platelet-derived growth factor, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor, Pleiotropy, Prognosis, Prognosis marker, Protein, Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, Quantitative trait locus, Ras GTPase, Receptor tyrosine kinase, Regulation of gene expression, Retrovirus, RNA, Robert Huebner, Robert Weinberg (biologist), Secretion, Sense (molecular biology), Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, Signal transduction, Stem cell, The Emperor of All Maladies, Theodor Boveri, Transcription (biology), Transcription factor, Trk receptor, Tumor suppressor gene, Tyrosine kinase, Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Francisco, V-Src, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Wnt signaling pathway, WWTR1, YAP1.