Oncology, the Glossary
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of cancer.[1]
Table of Contents
112 relations: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute myeloid leukemia, Adjuvant, Adolescent and young adult oncology, American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, American Cancer Society Center, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Anemia, Anorexia (symptom), Antibody, AstraZeneca, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, Biopsy, Blood test, Bone tumor, Breast cancer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Canadian Cancer Society, Cancer, Cancer immunotherapy, Cancer of unknown primary origin, Cancer prevention, Cancer research, Cancer Research UK, Cardiooncology, Chemotherapy, Childhood cancer, Clinic, Clinical research center, Clinical trial, Comparative oncology, CT scan, Diagnosis, Do not resuscitate, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, Doctor of Philosophy, Endoscopy, Ethics, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Eye neoplasm, Fatigue, Fever of unknown origin, Gastrointestinal cancer, Geriatric oncology, Gynecologic oncology, Head and neck cancer, Hormonal therapy (oncology), Hormone, ... Expand index (62 more) »
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the lymphoid line of blood cells characterized by the development of large numbers of immature lymphocytes.
See Oncology and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production.
See Oncology and Acute myeloid leukemia
Adjuvant
In pharmacology, an adjuvant is a drug or other substance, or a combination of substances, that is used to increase the efficacy or potency of certain drugs.
Adolescent and young adult oncology
Adolescent and young adult oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients aged 16–40.
See Oncology and Adolescent and young adult oncology
American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide non-profit organization dedicated to eliminating cancer.
See Oncology and American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network
The American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network (ACS CAN) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan advocacy affiliate of the American Cancer Society.
See Oncology and American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network
American Cancer Society Center
The American Cancer Society Center (ACS Center) is a large convention center and office building in downtown Atlanta, adjacent to Centennial Olympic Park.
See Oncology and American Cancer Society Center
American Society of Clinical Oncology
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) is a professional organization representing physicians of all oncology sub-specialties who care for people with cancer.
See Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology
Anemia
Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen.
Anorexia (symptom)
Anorexia is a medical term for a loss of appetite.
See Oncology and Anorexia (symptom)
Antibody
An antibody (Ab) is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term immunoglobulin (Ig) can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous.
AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca plc (AZ) is a British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with its headquarters at the Cambridge Biomedical Campus in Cambridge, England.
Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
A Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae; MBBS, also abbreviated as BM BS, MB ChB, MB BCh, or MB BChir) is a medical degree granted by medical schools or universities in countries that adhere to the United Kingdom's higher education tradition.
See Oncology and Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
Biopsy
A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, an interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist.
Blood test
A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick.
Bone tumor
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is a cancer that develops from breast tissue.
See Oncology and Breast cancer
Bristol Myers Squibb
The Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, doing business as Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), is an American multinational pharmaceutical company.
See Oncology and Bristol Myers Squibb
Canadian Cancer Society
The Canadian Cancer Society (Société canadienne du cancer) is Canada's largest national cancer charity and the largest national charitable funder of cancer research in Canada.
See Oncology and Canadian Cancer Society
Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease.
See Oncology and Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer of unknown primary origin
Cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is a cancer that is determined to be at the metastatic stage at the time of diagnosis, but a primary tumor cannot be identified.
See Oncology and Cancer of unknown primary origin
Cancer prevention
Cancer prevention is the practice of taking active measures to decrease the incidence of cancer and mortality.
See Oncology and Cancer prevention
Cancer research
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.
See Oncology and Cancer research
Cancer Research UK
Cancer Research UK (CRUK) is the world's largest independent cancer research organisation.
See Oncology and Cancer Research UK
Cardiooncology
Cardiooncology, cardio-oncology or cardiovascular oncology is an interdisciplinary field of medicine by which are studied the molecular and clinical alterations in cardiovascular system during the different methods of treatment of cancer, especially chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
See Oncology and Cardiooncology
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated chemo, sometimes CTX and CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen.
Childhood cancer
Childhood cancer is cancer in a child.
See Oncology and Childhood cancer
Clinic
A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients.
Clinical research center
The term "Clinical research center" (CRC) or "General clinical research center" (GCRC) refers to any designated medical facility used to conduct clinical research, such as at a hospital or medical clinic.
See Oncology and Clinical research center
Clinical trial
Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that warrant further study and comparison.
See Oncology and Clinical trial
Comparative oncology
Comparative oncology integrates the study of oncology in non-human animals into more general studies of cancer biology and therapy.
See Oncology and Comparative oncology
CT scan
A computed tomography scan (CT scan; formerly called computed axial tomography scan or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis (diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon.
Do not resuscitate
A do-not-resuscitate order (DNR), also known as Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR), Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR), no code or allow natural death, is a medical order, written or oral depending on the jurisdiction, indicating that a person should not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if that person's heart stops beating.
See Oncology and Do not resuscitate
Doctor of Medicine
Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin Medicinae Doctor) is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions.
See Oncology and Doctor of Medicine
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO or D.O., or in Australia DO USA) is a medical degree conferred by the 38 osteopathic medical schools in the United States.
See Oncology and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil; philosophiae doctor or) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research.
See Oncology and Doctor of Philosophy
Endoscopy
An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body.
Ethics
Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena.
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) is a unique pan-European non-profit clinical cancer research organisation established in 1962 operating as an international association under Belgium law.
See Oncology and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer
Eye neoplasm
An eye neoplasm is a tumor of the eye.
Fatigue
Fatigue describes a state of tiredness (which is not sleepiness), exhaustion or loss of energy.
Fever of unknown origin
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) refers to a condition in which the patient has an elevated temperature (fever) but, despite investigations by one or more qualified physicians, no explanation is found.
See Oncology and Fever of unknown origin
Gastrointestinal cancer
Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
See Oncology and Gastrointestinal cancer
Geriatric oncology
Geriatric oncology is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the elderly, usually defined as aged 65 and older.
See Oncology and Geriatric oncology
Gynecologic oncology
Gynecologic oncology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer.
See Oncology and Gynecologic oncology
Head and neck cancer
Head and neck cancer is a general term encompassing multiple cancers that can develop in the head and neck region.
See Oncology and Head and neck cancer
Hormonal therapy (oncology)
Hormonal therapy in oncology is hormone therapy for cancer and is one of the major modalities of medical oncology (pharmacotherapy for cancer), others being cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy (biotherapeutics).
See Oncology and Hormonal therapy (oncology)
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
Hospital
A hospital is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system.
See Oncology and Immunotherapy
Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body.
See Oncology and Magnetic resonance imaging
Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.
See Oncology and Major depressive disorder
Malignancy
Malignancy is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse; the term is most familiar as a characterization of cancer.
Massive parallel sequencing
Massive parallel sequencing or massively parallel sequencing is any of several high-throughput approaches to DNA sequencing using the concept of massively parallel processing; it is also called next-generation sequencing (NGS) or second-generation sequencing.
See Oncology and Massive parallel sequencing
Medical ethics
Medical ethics is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research.
See Oncology and Medical ethics
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
The Medical Research Council (MRC) is responsible for co-coordinating and funding medical research in the United Kingdom.
See Oncology and Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
Medical specialty
A medical specialty is a branch of medical practice that is focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy.
See Oncology and Medical specialty
Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health.
Merck & Co.
Merck & Co., Inc. is an American multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Rahway, New Jersey, and is named for Merck Group, founded in Germany in 1668, of which it was once the American arm.
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the mesothelium).
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor.
Molecular oncology
Molecular oncology is an interdisciplinary medical specialty at the interface of medicinal chemistry and oncology that refers to the investigation of the chemistry of cancer and tumors at the molecular scale.
See Oncology and Molecular oncology
Monoclonal antibody
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell.
See Oncology and Monoclonal antibody
National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) coordinates the United States National Cancer Program and is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
See Oncology and National Cancer Institute
National Comprehensive Cancer Network
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is an alliance of 33 cancer centers in the United States, most of which are designated by the National Cancer Institute (one of the U.S. National Institutes of Health) as comprehensive cancer centers.
See Oncology and National Comprehensive Cancer Network
National Institute for Health and Care Research
The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) is the British government's major funder of clinical, public health, social care and translational research.
See Oncology and National Institute for Health and Care Research
Nausea
Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit.
Neoplasm
A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
Neuro-oncology
Neuro-oncology is the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are (at least eventually) very dangerous and life-threatening (astrocytoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumors are among the many examples of these).
See Oncology and Neuro-oncology
Novartis
Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland.
Nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine, or nucleology, is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
See Oncology and Nuclear medicine
Oncology nursing
An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for cancer patients.
See Oncology and Oncology nursing
Oncometabolism is the field of study that focuses on the metabolic changes that occur in cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) and accompany oncogenesis and tumor progression toward a neoplastic state.
See Oncology and Oncometabolism
Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
Pain management
Pain management is an aspect of medicine and health care involving relief of pain (pain relief, analgesia, pain control) in various dimensions, from acute and simple to chronic and challenging.
See Oncology and Pain management
Palliative care
Palliative care (derived from the Latin root, or 'to cloak') is an interdisciplinary medical caregiving approach aimed at optimizing quality of life and mitigating suffering among people with serious, complex, and often terminal illnesses.
See Oncology and Palliative care
Paraneoplastic syndrome
A paraneoplastic syndrome is a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) that is the consequence of a tumor in the body (usually a cancerous one).
See Oncology and Paraneoplastic syndrome
Pfizer
Pfizer Inc. is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered at The Spiral in Manhattan, New York City.
Positron emission tomography
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes, and in other physiological activities including blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.
See Oncology and Positron emission tomography
Prognosis
Prognosis (Greek: πρόγνωσις "fore-knowing, foreseeing";: prognoses) is a medical term for predicting the likelihood or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain stable over time; expectations of quality of life, such as the ability to carry out daily activities; the potential for complications and associated health issues; and the likelihood of survival (including life expectancy).
Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy
Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (PACT) is a programme created by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 2004 to build upon the Agency’s experience in radiation medicine and technology, and enable developing countries to introduce, expand or improve their cancer care capacity and services in a sustainable manner by integrating radiotherapy into a comprehensive cancer control programme that maximizes its therapeutic effectiveness and impact.
See Oncology and Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy
Psycho-oncology
Psycho-oncology is an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of physical, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of the cancer experience for both patients and caregivers.
See Oncology and Psycho-oncology
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT) is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells.
See Oncology and Radiation therapy
Radiopharmaceutical
Radiopharmaceuticals, or medicinal radiocompounds, are a group of pharmaceutical drugs containing radioactive isotopes.
See Oncology and Radiopharmaceutical
Remission (medicine)
Remission is either the reduction or disappearance of the signs and symptoms of a disease.
See Oncology and Remission (medicine)
Rituximab
Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer.
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Scintigraphy
Scintigraphy (from Latin scintilla, "spark"), also known as a gamma scan, is a diagnostic test in nuclear medicine, where radioisotopes attached to drugs that travel to a specific organ or tissue (radiopharmaceuticals) are taken internally and the emitted gamma radiation is captured by gamma cameras, which are external detectors that form two-dimensional images in a process similar to the capture of x-ray images.
Screening (medicine)
Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used to look for as-yet-unrecognised conditions or risk markers.
See Oncology and Screening (medicine)
Segmental resection
Segmental resection, or segmentectomy, is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland as a sub-type of resection, which might involve removing the whole body part.
See Oncology and Segmental resection
Single-photon emission computed tomography
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, or less commonly, SPET) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays.
See Oncology and Single-photon emission computed tomography
Skin cancer
Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin.
Surgery
Surgery is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (i.e., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass), to reconstruct or improve aesthetics and appearance (cosmetic surgery), or to remove unwanted tissues (body fat, glands, scars or skin tags) or foreign bodies.
Surgical oncology
Surgical oncology is the branch of surgery applied to oncology; it focuses on the surgical management of tumors, especially cancerous tumors.
See Oncology and Surgical oncology
Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy or molecularly targeted therapy is one of the major modalities of medical treatment (pharmacotherapy) for cancer, others being hormonal therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy.
See Oncology and Targeted therapy
Terminal illness
Terminal illness or end-stage disease is a disease that cannot be cured or adequately treated and is expected to result in the death of the patient.
See Oncology and Terminal illness
Thorax
The thorax (thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.
TNM staging system
The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM) is a globally recognised standard for classifying the anatomical extent of the spread of malignant tumours (cancer).
See Oncology and TNM staging system
Trastuzumab
Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer.
Tumor marker
A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy).
Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (American English) or tumours of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (British English) are tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system.
See Oncology and Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Tumour heterogeneity
Tumour heterogeneity describes the observation that different tumour cells can show distinct morphological and phenotypic profiles, including cellular morphology, gene expression, metabolism, motility, proliferation, and metastatic potential.
See Oncology and Tumour heterogeneity
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz.
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease.
Veterinary oncology
Veterinary oncology is a subspecialty of veterinary medicine that deals with cancer diagnosis and treatment in animals.
See Oncology and Veterinary oncology
Warburg effect (oncology)
In oncology, the Warburg effect is the observation that most cancer use aerobic glycolysis for energy generation rather than the mechanisms used by non-cancerous cells.
See Oncology and Warburg effect (oncology)
Weight loss
Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue).
Whole genome sequencing
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time.
See Oncology and Whole genome sequencing
X-ray
X-rays (or rarely, X-radiation) are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncology
Also known as AllergoOncology, Cancer care, Clinical oncology, Medical oncology, Oncologic, Oncological, Oncologist, Oncologists, Oncology research, Oncology unit, Oncoscience.
, Hospital, Immunotherapy, Lymphoma, Magnetic resonance imaging, Major depressive disorder, Malignancy, Massive parallel sequencing, Medical ethics, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), Medical specialty, Medicine, Merck & Co., Mesothelioma, Metastasis, Molecular oncology, Monoclonal antibody, National Cancer Institute, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, National Institute for Health and Care Research, Nausea, Neoplasm, Neuro-oncology, Novartis, Nuclear medicine, Oncology nursing, Oncometabolism, Pain, Pain management, Palliative care, Paraneoplastic syndrome, Pfizer, Positron emission tomography, Prognosis, Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy, Psycho-oncology, Radiation therapy, Radiopharmaceutical, Remission (medicine), Rituximab, Roche, Scintigraphy, Screening (medicine), Segmental resection, Single-photon emission computed tomography, Skin cancer, Surgery, Surgical oncology, Targeted therapy, Terminal illness, Thorax, TNM staging system, Trastuzumab, Tumor marker, Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, Tumour heterogeneity, Ultrasound, Vaccine, Veterinary oncology, Warburg effect (oncology), Weight loss, Whole genome sequencing, X-ray.