Operating system, the Glossary
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.[1]
Table of Contents
421 relations: Abort (computing), Abstraction, Abstraction layer, Access-control list, Address space layout randomization, Alan Turing, ALGOL, AmigaOS, Amortized analysis, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Android (operating system), Apple II, Apple Inc., Application software, ARM architecture family, ARPANET, Assembly language, Associative array, Atlas (computer), Atlas Supervisor, Attack surface, Avionics, B (programming language), Backdoor (computing), Backward compatibility, BareMetal, BASIC, Batch processing, BCPL, Bell Labs, BeOS, Berkeley Software Distribution, Bitmap, Block (data storage), BOS/360, Bounds checking, Buffer overflow, Burroughs Corporation, Burroughs Large Systems, Burroughs MCP, Bus error, Busy waiting, C (programming language), C dynamic memory allocation, C++, Cache (computing), Call stack, CDC Kronos, CDC SCOPE, Central processing unit, ... Expand index (371 more) »
- Operating systems
Abort (computing)
In a computer or data transmission system, to abort means to terminate, usually in a controlled manner, a processing activity because it is impossible or undesirable for the activity to proceed or in conjunction with an error.
See Operating system and Abort (computing)
Abstraction
Abstraction is a process wherein general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal (real or concrete) signifiers, first principles, or other methods.
See Operating system and Abstraction
Abstraction layer
In computing, an abstraction layer or abstraction level is a way of hiding the working details of a subsystem.
See Operating system and Abstraction layer
Access-control list
In computer security, an access-control list (ACL) is a list of permissions associated with a system resource (object or facility).
See Operating system and Access-control list
Address space layout randomization
Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is a computer security technique involved in preventing exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities.
See Operating system and Address space layout randomization
Alan Turing
Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist.
See Operating system and Alan Turing
ALGOL
ALGOL (short for "Algorithmic Language") is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in 1958.
See Operating system and ALGOL
AmigaOS
AmigaOS is a family of proprietary native operating systems of the Amiga and AmigaOne personal computers.
See Operating system and AmigaOS
Amortized analysis
In computer science, amortized analysis is a method for analyzing a given algorithm's complexity, or how much of a resource, especially time or memory, it takes to execute.
See Operating system and Amortized analysis
Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum (born March 16, 1944), sometimes referred to by the handle ast, is an American computer scientist and professor emeritus of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
See Operating system and Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Android (operating system)
Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
See Operating system and Android (operating system)
Apple II
The Apple II series of microcomputers was initially designed by Steve Wozniak, manufactured by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.), and launched in 1977 with the Apple II model that gave the series its name.
See Operating system and Apple II
Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley.
See Operating system and Apple Inc.
Application software
An application program (software application, or application, or app for short) is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself, typically to be used by end-users.
See Operating system and Application software
ARM architecture family
ARM (stylised in lowercase as arm, formerly an acronym for Advanced RISC Machines and originally Acorn RISC Machine) is a family of RISC instruction set architectures (ISAs) for computer processors.
See Operating system and ARM architecture family
ARPANET
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first computer networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite.
See Operating system and ARPANET
Assembly language
In computer programming, assembly language (alternatively assembler language or symbolic machine code), often referred to simply as assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions.
See Operating system and Assembly language
Associative array
In computer science, an associative array, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type that stores a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection.
See Operating system and Associative array
Atlas (computer)
The Atlas was one of the world's first supercomputers, in use from 1962 (when it was claimed to be the most powerful computer in the world) to 1972.
See Operating system and Atlas (computer)
Atlas Supervisor
The Atlas Supervisor was the program which managed the allocation of processing resources of Manchester University's Atlas Computer so that the machine was able to act on many tasks and user programs concurrently.
See Operating system and Atlas Supervisor
Attack surface
The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of the different points (for "attack vectors") where an unauthorized user (the "attacker") can try to enter data to, extract data, control a device or critical software in an environment.
See Operating system and Attack surface
Avionics
Avionics (a blend of aviation and electronics) are the electronic systems used on aircraft.
See Operating system and Avionics
B (programming language)
B is a programming language developed at Bell Labs circa 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
See Operating system and B (programming language)
Backdoor (computing)
A backdoor is a typically covert method of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer, product, embedded device (e.g. a home router), or its embodiment (e.g. part of a cryptosystem, algorithm, chipset, or even a "homunculus computer"—a tiny computer-within-a-computer such as that found in Intel's AMT technology).
See Operating system and Backdoor (computing)
Backward compatibility
In telecommunications and computing, backward compatibility (or backwards compatibility) is a property of an operating system, software, real-world product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system.
See Operating system and Backward compatibility
BareMetal is an exokernel-based single address space operating system (OS) created by Return Infinity.
See Operating system and BareMetal
BASIC
BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use.
See Operating system and BASIC
Batch processing
Computerized batch processing is a method of running software programs called jobs in batches automatically.
See Operating system and Batch processing
BCPL
BCPL ("Basic Combined Programming Language") is a procedural, imperative, and structured programming language.
Bell Labs
Bell Labs is an American industrial research and scientific development company credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages B, C, C++, S, SNOBOL, AWK, AMPL, and others.
See Operating system and Bell Labs
BeOS
BeOS is a discontinued operating system for personal computers that was developed by Be Inc. It was conceived for the company's BeBox personal computer which was released in 1995.
Berkeley Software Distribution
The Berkeley Software Distribution or Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) is a discontinued operating system based on Research Unix, developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley.
See Operating system and Berkeley Software Distribution
Bitmap
In computing, a bitmap (also called raster) graphic is an image formed from rows of different colored pixels.
See Operating system and Bitmap
Block (data storage)
In computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of bytes or bits, usually containing some whole number of records, having a maximum length; a block size.
See Operating system and Block (data storage)
BOS/360
Basic Operating System/360 (BOS/360) was an early IBM System/360 operating system.
See Operating system and BOS/360
Bounds checking
In computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before it is used.
See Operating system and Bounds checking
Buffer overflow
In programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations.
See Operating system and Buffer overflow
Burroughs Corporation
The Burroughs Corporation was a major American manufacturer of business equipment.
See Operating system and Burroughs Corporation
Burroughs Large Systems
The Burroughs Large Systems Group produced a family of large 48-bit mainframes using stack machine instruction sets with dense syllables.
See Operating system and Burroughs Large Systems
Burroughs MCP
The MCP (Master Control Program) is the operating system of the Burroughs B5000/B5500/B5700 and the B6500 and successors, including the Unisys Clearpath/MCP systems.
See Operating system and Burroughs MCP
Bus error
In computing, a bus error is a fault raised by hardware, notifying an operating system (OS) that a process is trying to access memory that the CPU cannot physically address: an invalid address for the address bus, hence the name.
See Operating system and Bus error
Busy waiting
In computer science and software engineering, busy-waiting, busy-looping or spinning is a technique in which a process repeatedly checks to see if a condition is true, such as whether keyboard input or a lock is available.
See Operating system and Busy waiting
C (programming language)
C (pronounced – like the letter c) is a general-purpose programming language.
See Operating system and C (programming language)
C dynamic memory allocation
C dynamic memory allocation refers to performing manual memory management for dynamic memory allocation in the C programming language via a group of functions in the C standard library, namely,,, and.
See Operating system and C dynamic memory allocation
C++
C++ (pronounced "C plus plus" and sometimes abbreviated as CPP) is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup.
Cache (computing)
In computing, a cache is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of an earlier computation or a copy of data stored elsewhere.
See Operating system and Cache (computing)
Call stack
In computer science, a call stack is a stack data structure that stores information about the active subroutines of a computer program.
See Operating system and Call stack
CDC Kronos
Kronos is an operating system with time-sharing capabilities, written by Control Data Corporation in 1971.
See Operating system and CDC Kronos
CDC SCOPE
SCOPE (Supervisory Control of Program Execution) is a series of Control Data Corporation batch operating systems developed in the 1960s.
See Operating system and CDC SCOPE
Central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the most important processor in a given computer.
See Operating system and Central processing unit
Channel I/O
In computing, channel I/O is a high-performance input/output (I/O) architecture that is implemented in various forms on a number of computer architectures, especially on mainframe computers.
See Operating system and Channel I/O
Checksum
A checksum is a small-sized block of data derived from another block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage.
See Operating system and Checksum
ChromeOS
ChromeOS, sometimes styled as chromeOS and formerly styled as Chrome OS, is a Linux distribution developed and designed by Google.
See Operating system and ChromeOS
ChromiumOS
ChromiumOS (formerly styled as Chromium OS) is a free and open-source Linux distribution designed for running web applications and browsing the World Wide Web.
See Operating system and ChromiumOS
Classic Mac OS
Mac OS (originally System Software; retronym: Classic Mac OS) is the series of operating systems developed for the Macintosh family of personal computers by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1984 to 2001, starting with System 1 and ending with Mac OS 9.
See Operating system and Classic Mac OS
Cloud computing
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the user.
See Operating system and Cloud computing
Code injection
Code injection is a class of computer security exploits in which a vulnerable computer program is tricked into misinterpreting external data as part of its code.
See Operating system and Code injection
Code review
Code review (sometimes referred to as peer review) is a software quality assurance activity in which one or more people check a program, mainly by viewing and reading parts of its source code, either after implementation or as an interruption of implementation.
See Operating system and Code review
Command-line interface
A command-line interface (CLI) is a means of interacting with a computer program by inputting lines of text called command-lines.
See Operating system and Command-line interface
Comparison of operating systems
These tables provide a comparison of operating systems, of computer devices, as listing general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available PC or handheld (including smartphone and tablet computer) operating systems. Operating system and comparison of operating systems are operating systems.
See Operating system and Comparison of operating systems
Compiler
In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language (the target language).
See Operating system and Compiler
Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts.
See Operating system and Computer architecture
Computer cluster
A computer cluster is a set of computers that work together so that they can be viewed as a single system.
See Operating system and Computer cluster
Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case.
See Operating system and Computer hardware
Computer memory
Computer memory stores information, such as data and programs, for immediate use in the computer.
See Operating system and Computer memory
Computer mouse
A computer mouse (plural mice, also mouses) is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface.
See Operating system and Computer mouse
Computer multitasking
In computing, multitasking is the concurrent execution of multiple tasks (also known as processes) over a certain period of time.
See Operating system and Computer multitasking
Computer network
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes.
See Operating system and Computer network
Computer program
A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute.
See Operating system and Computer program
Computer virus
A computer virus is a type of malware that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code into those programs.
See Operating system and Computer virus
Computer worm
A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers.
See Operating system and Computer worm
Computing platform
A computing platform, digital platform, or software platform is the infrastructure on which software is executed.
See Operating system and Computing platform
Concurrency (computer science)
In computer science, concurrency is the ability of different parts or units of a program, algorithm, or problem to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the outcome.
See Operating system and Concurrency (computer science)
Context switch
In computing, a context switch is the process of storing the state of a process or thread, so that it can be restored and resume execution at a later point, and then restoring a different, previously saved, state.
See Operating system and Context switch
Control Data Corporation
Control Data Corporation (CDC) was a mainframe and supercomputer company that in the 1960s was one of the nine major U.S. computer companies, which group included IBM, the Burroughs Corporation, and the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), the NCR Corporation (NCR), General Electric, and Honeywell, RCA and UNIVAC.
See Operating system and Control Data Corporation
Control flow
In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated.
See Operating system and Control flow
Control-C
Control-C is a common computer command.
See Operating system and Control-C
Control-flow integrity
Control-flow integrity (CFI) is a general term for computer security techniques that prevent a wide variety of malware attacks from redirecting the flow of execution (the control flow) of a program.
See Operating system and Control-flow integrity
Cooperative multitasking
Cooperative multitasking, also known as non-preemptive multitasking, is a style of computer multitasking in which the operating system never initiates a context switch from a running process to another process.
See Operating system and Cooperative multitasking
CP-67
CP-67 is a hypervisor, or Virtual Machine Monitor, from IBM for its System/360 Model 67 computer.
See Operating system and CP-67
CP/M
CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created in 1974 for Intel 8080/85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. CP/M is a disk operating system and its purpose is to organize files on a magnetic storage medium, and to load and run programs stored on a disk.
Crash (computing)
In computing, a crash, or system crash, occurs when a computer program such as a software application or an operating system stops functioning properly and exits.
See Operating system and Crash (computing)
Cursor (user interface)
In human–computer interaction, a cursor is an indicator used to show the current position on a computer monitor or other display device that will respond to input.
See Operating system and Cursor (user interface)
Daemon (computing)
In multitasking computer operating systems, a daemon is a computer program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user.
See Operating system and Daemon (computing)
DARPA
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.
See Operating system and DARPA
Data buffer
In computer science, a data buffer (or just buffer) is a region of memory used to store data temporarily while it is being moved from one place to another.
See Operating system and Data buffer
Data corruption
Data corruption refers to errors in computer data that occur during writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing, which introduce unintended changes to the original data.
See Operating system and Data corruption
Database index
A database index is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of additional writes and storage space to maintain the index data structure.
See Operating system and Database index
Dave Cutler
David Neil Cutler Sr. (born March 13, 1942) is an American software engineer.
See Operating system and Dave Cutler
DBOS
DBOS is a Database-Oriented Operating System designed to simplify and improve the scalability, security and resilience of large-scale distributed applications. Operating system and DBOS are operating systems.
Debian
Debian, also known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a Linux distribution composed of free and open-source software and optionally non-free firmware or software developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993.
See Operating system and Debian
Denial-of-service attack
In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to a network.
See Operating system and Denial-of-service attack
Device driver
In the context of an operating system, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton.
See Operating system and Device driver
Device register
A Device Register is the view any device presents to a programmer.
See Operating system and Device register
Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s.
See Operating system and Digital Equipment Corporation
Direct memory access
Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of computer systems that allows certain hardware subsystems to access main system memory independently of the central processing unit (CPU).
See Operating system and Direct memory access
Directory (computing)
In computing, a directory is a file system cataloging structure which contains references to other computer files, and possibly other directories.
See Operating system and Directory (computing)
Disk operating system
A disk operating system (DOS) is a computer operating system that resides on and can use a disk storage device, such as a floppy disk, hard disk drive, or optical disc.
See Operating system and Disk operating system
Distributed computing
Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers.
See Operating system and Distributed computing
Distributed memory
In computer science, distributed memory refers to a multiprocessor computer system in which each processor has its own private memory.
See Operating system and Distributed memory
In computer science, distributed shared memory (DSM) is a form of memory architecture where physically separated memories can be addressed as a single shared address space.
See Operating system and Distributed shared memory
Division by zero
In mathematics, division by zero, division where the divisor (denominator) is zero, is a unique and problematic special case.
See Operating system and Division by zero
Domain Name System
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed name service that provides a naming system for computers, services, and other resources on the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
See Operating system and Domain Name System
DOS/360 and successors
Disk Operating System/360, also DOS/360, or simply DOS, is the discontinued first member of a sequence of operating systems for IBM System/360, System/370 and later mainframes.
See Operating system and DOS/360 and successors
Dynamic random-access memory
Dynamic random-access memory (dynamic RAM or DRAM) is a type of random-access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a memory cell, usually consisting of a tiny capacitor and a transistor, both typically based on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology.
See Operating system and Dynamic random-access memory
ECos
The Embedded Configurable Operating System (eCos) is a free and open-source real-time operating system intended for embedded systems and applications which need only one process with multiple threads.
Embedded operating system
An Embedded Operating System (EOS) is an operating system designed specifically for embedded computer systems.
See Operating system and Embedded operating system
Embedded system
An embedded system is a computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system.
See Operating system and Embedded system
Emulator
In computing, an emulator is hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the host) to behave like another computer system (called the guest).
See Operating system and Emulator
ETH Zurich
ETH Zurich (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Federal Institute of Technology Zurich) is a public research university in Zürich, Switzerland.
See Operating system and ETH Zurich
Event (computing)
In programming and software design, an event is an action or occurrence recognized by software, often originating asynchronously from the external environment, that may be handled by the software.
See Operating system and Event (computing)
Exception handling
In computing and computer programming, exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – during the execution of a program.
See Operating system and Exception handling
Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language
The Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language (ESPOL) is a programming language, a superset of ALGOL 60, that provides abilities of what would later be termed a system programming language or machine oriented high order language (mohol), such as interrupting a processor on a multiprocessing system (the Burroughs large systems were multiprocessor systems).
See Operating system and Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language
Exploit (computer security)
An exploit (from the English verb to exploit, meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage") is a piece of software, a chunk of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer software, hardware, or something electronic (usually computerized).
See Operating system and Exploit (computer security)
Federal Information Processing Standards
The Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) of the United States are a set of publicly announced standards that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed for use in computer situs of non-military United States government agencies and contractors.
See Operating system and Federal Information Processing Standards
File locking
File locking is a mechanism that restricts access to a computer file, or to a region of a file, by allowing only one user or process to modify or delete it at a specific time and to prevent reading of the file while it's being modified or deleted.
See Operating system and File locking
File system
In computing, a file system or filesystem (often abbreviated to FS or fs) governs file organization and access.
See Operating system and File system
File system fragmentation
In computing, file system fragmentation, sometimes called file system aging, is the tendency of a file system to lay out the contents of files non-continuously to allow in-place modification of their contents.
See Operating system and File system fragmentation
Filename
A filename or file name is a name used to uniquely identify a computer file in a file system.
See Operating system and Filename
Firmware
In computing, firmware is software that provides low-level control of computing device hardware.
See Operating system and Firmware
Flash memory
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
See Operating system and Flash memory
Formal verification
In the context of hardware and software systems, formal verification is the act of proving or disproving the correctness of a system with respect to a certain formal specification or property, using formal methods of mathematics.
See Operating system and Formal verification
Free software
Free software, libre software, libreware or rarely known as freedom-respecting software is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it and any adapted versions.
See Operating system and Free software
FreeBSD
FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).
See Operating system and FreeBSD
General Comprehensive Operating System
General Comprehensive Operating System (GCOS,; originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor) is a family of operating systems oriented toward the 36-bit GE-600 series and Honeywell 6000 series mainframe computers.
See Operating system and General Comprehensive Operating System
General Electric
General Electric Company (GE) was an American multinational conglomerate founded in 1892, incorporated in the state of New York and headquartered in Boston.
See Operating system and General Electric
General protection fault
A general protection fault (GPF) in the x86 instruction set architectures (ISAs) is a fault (a type of interrupt) initiated by ISA-defined protection mechanisms in response to an access violation caused by some running code, either in the kernel or a user program.
See Operating system and General protection fault
Glossary of operating systems terms
This page is a glossary of Operating systems terminology. Operating system and glossary of operating systems terms are operating systems.
See Operating system and Glossary of operating systems terms
GM-NAA I/O
The GM-NAA I/O input/output system of General Motors and North American Aviation was the first operating system for the IBM 704 computer.
See Operating system and GM-NAA I/O
GNU Hurd
GNU Hurd is a collection of microkernel servers written as part of GNU, for the GNU Mach microkernel.
See Operating system and GNU Hurd
GNU Project
The GNU Project is a free software, mass collaboration project announced by Richard Stallman on September 27, 1983.
See Operating system and GNU Project
Google LLC is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI).
See Operating system and Google
Graphical user interface
A graphical user interface, or GUI, is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation.
See Operating system and Graphical user interface
Haiku (operating system)
Haiku, originally OpenBeOS, is a free and open-source operating system for personal computers.
See Operating system and Haiku (operating system)
Hard disk drive
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material.
See Operating system and Hard disk drive
Hardening (computing)
In computer security, hardening is usually the process of securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability, which is larger when a system performs more functions; in principle a single-function system is more secure than a multipurpose one.
See Operating system and Hardening (computing)
Hexadecimal
In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen.
See Operating system and Hexadecimal
History of IBM mainframe operating systems
The history of IBM mainframe operating systems is significant within the history of mainframe operating systems, because of IBM's long-standing position as the world's largest hardware supplier of mainframe computers.
See Operating system and History of IBM mainframe operating systems
History of operating systems
Computer operating systems (OSes) provide a set of functions needed and used by most application programs on a computer, and the links needed to control and synchronize computer hardware. Operating system and History of operating systems are operating systems.
See Operating system and History of operating systems
Homebrew Computer Club
The Homebrew Computer Club was an early computer hobbyist group in Menlo Park, California, which met from March 1975 to December 1986.
See Operating system and Homebrew Computer Club
Honeywell
Honeywell International Inc. is an American publicly traded, multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.
See Operating system and Honeywell
HP-UX
HP-UX (from "Hewlett Packard Unix") is Hewlett Packard Enterprise's proprietary implementation of the Unix operating system, based on Unix System V (initially System III) and first released in 1984.
See Operating system and HP-UX
Hybrid kernel
A hybrid kernel is an operating system kernel architecture that attempts to combine aspects and benefits of microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures used in operating systems.
See Operating system and Hybrid kernel
Hypervisor
A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) or virtualizer, is a type of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines.
See Operating system and Hypervisor
I386
The Intel 386, originally released as 80386 and later renamed i386, is a 32-bit microprocessor designed by Intel.
IA-32
IA-32 (short for "Intel Architecture, 32-bit", commonly called i386) is the 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set architecture, designed by Intel and first implemented in the 80386 microprocessor in 1985.
See Operating system and IA-32
IBM 1410
The IBM 1410, a member of the IBM 1400 series, was a decimal computer with a variable word length that was announced by IBM on September 12, 1960 and marketed as a midrange business computer.
See Operating system and IBM 1410
IBM 700/7000 series
The IBM 700/7000 series is a series of large-scale (mainframe) computer systems that were made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s.
See Operating system and IBM 700/7000 series
IBM 704
The IBM 704 is the model name of a large digital mainframe computer introduced by IBM in 1954.
See Operating system and IBM 704
IBM 7040
The IBM 7040 was a historic but short-lived model of transistor computer built in the 1960s.
See Operating system and IBM 7040
IBM 709
The IBM 709 is a computer system that was initially announced by IBM in January 1957 and first installed during August 1958.
See Operating system and IBM 709
IBM 7090
The IBM 7090 is a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computer that was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications".
See Operating system and IBM 7090
IBM 7090/94 IBSYS
IBSYS is the name of a discontinued tape-based operating system that IBM supplied with its IBM 709, IBM 7090 and IBM 7094 computers, and of a significantly different, though similar operating system provided with IBM 7040 and IBM 7044 computers.
See Operating system and IBM 7090/94 IBSYS
IBM Airline Control Program
IBM Airline Control Program, or ACP, is a discontinued operating system developed by IBM beginning about 1965.
See Operating system and IBM Airline Control Program
IBM AIX
AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, pronounced) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM for several of its computer platforms.
See Operating system and IBM AIX
IBM AS/400
The IBM AS/400 (Application System/400) is a family of midrange computers from IBM announced in June 1988 and released in August 1988.
See Operating system and IBM AS/400
IBM i
IBM i (the i standing for integrated) is an operating system developed by IBM for IBM Power Systems.
See Operating system and IBM i
IBM PC DOS
IBM PC DOS (an acronym for IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System),Formally known as "The IBM Personal Computer DOS" from versions 1.0 through 3.30, as reported in those versions' respective COMMAND.COM outputs also known as PC DOS or IBM DOS, is a discontinued disk operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, its successors, and IBM PC compatibles.
See Operating system and IBM PC DOS
IBM Personal Computer
The IBM Personal Computer (model 5150, commonly known as the IBM PC) is the first microcomputer released in the IBM PC model line and the basis for the IBM PC compatible ''de facto'' standard.
See Operating system and IBM Personal Computer
IBM Power Systems
IBM Power Systems is a family of server computers from IBM that are based on its Power processors.
See Operating system and IBM Power Systems
IBM System/360
The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. It was the first family of computers designed to cover both commercial and scientific applications and a complete range of applications from small to large.
See Operating system and IBM System/360
IBM System/360 Model 67
The IBM System/360 Model 67 (S/360-67) was an important IBM mainframe model in the late 1960s.
See Operating system and IBM System/360 Model 67
Information security
Information security, sometimes shortened to infosec, is the practice of protecting information by mitigating information risks.
See Operating system and Information security
Input/output
In computing, input/output (I/O, i/o, or informally io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, such as another computer system, peripherals, or a human operator.
See Operating system and Input/output
Institution of Engineering and Technology
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a multidisciplinary professional engineering institution.
See Operating system and Institution of Engineering and Technology
INT (x86 instruction)
INT is an assembly language instruction for x86 processors that generates a software interrupt.
See Operating system and INT (x86 instruction)
Intel
Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware.
See Operating system and Intel
Intel 80286
The Intel 80286 (also marketed as the iAPX 286 and often called Intel 286) is a 16-bit microprocessor that was introduced on February 1, 1982.
See Operating system and Intel 80286
Internet of things
The Internet of things (IoT) describes devices with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.
See Operating system and Internet of things
Interrupt
In digital computers, an interrupt (sometimes referred to as a trap) is a request for the processor to interrupt currently executing code (when permitted), so that the event can be processed in a timely manner.
See Operating system and Interrupt
Interrupt handler
In computer systems programming, an interrupt handler, also known as an interrupt service routine or ISR, is a special block of code associated with a specific interrupt condition.
See Operating system and Interrupt handler
Interrupt request
In a computer, an interrupt request (or IRQ) is a hardware signal sent to the processor that temporarily stops a running program and allows a special program, an interrupt handler, to run instead.
See Operating system and Interrupt request
Interrupt vector table
An interrupt vector table (IVT) is a data structure that associates a list of interrupt handlers with a list of interrupt requests in a table of interrupt vectors.
See Operating system and Interrupt vector table
Interruptible operating system
An interruptible operating system is an operating system with ability to handle multiple interrupts concurrently, or in other words, which allow interrupts to be interrupted.
See Operating system and Interruptible operating system
IOS
iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed by Apple exclusively for its smartphones.
IPadOS
iPadOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. for its iPad line of tablet computers.
See Operating system and IPadOS
Java (software platform)
Java is a set of computer software and specifications that provides a software platform for developing application software and deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment.
See Operating system and Java (software platform)
Jürg Gutknecht
Jürg Gutknecht (born 3 January 1949) is a Swiss computer scientist.
See Operating system and Jürg Gutknecht
Keith Bostic (software engineer)
Keith Bostic (born July 26, 1959) is an American software engineer and one of the key people in the history of Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix and open-source software.
See Operating system and Keith Bostic (software engineer)
Ken Thompson
Kenneth Lane Thompson (born February 4, 1943) is an American pioneer of computer science.
See Operating system and Ken Thompson
Kernel (operating system)
The kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system and generally has complete control over everything in the system. Operating system and kernel (operating system) are operating systems.
See Operating system and Kernel (operating system)
Keyboard technology
The technology of computer keyboards includes many elements.
See Operating system and Keyboard technology
Kilobyte
The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.
See Operating system and Kilobyte
Library (computing)
In computer science, a library is a collection of read-only resources that is leveraged during software development to implement a computer program.
See Operating system and Library (computing)
Light-weight Linux distribution
A light-weight Linux distribution is one that uses lower memory and/or has less processor-speed requirements than a more "feature-rich" Linux distribution.
See Operating system and Light-weight Linux distribution
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
See Operating system and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Linker (computing)
In computing, a linker or link editor is a computer system program that takes one or more object files (generated by a compiler or an assembler) and combines them into a single executable file, library file, or another "object" file.
See Operating system and Linker (computing)
Linus Torvalds
Linus Benedict Torvalds (born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer who is the creator and lead developer of the Linux kernel.
See Operating system and Linus Torvalds
Linux
Linux is both an open-source Unix-like kernel and a generic name for a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Operating system and Linux are operating systems.
See Operating system and Linux
Linux distribution
A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection that includes the Linux kernel and often a package management system.
See Operating system and Linux distribution
Linux kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open source, UNIX-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. Operating system and Linux kernel are operating systems.
See Operating system and Linux kernel
Linux Mint
Linux Mint is a community-driven Linux distribution based on Ubuntu (which is in turn based on Debian), bundled with a variety of free and open-source applications.
See Operating system and Linux Mint
Linux on embedded systems
Computer operating systems based on the Linux kernel are used in embedded systems such as consumer electronics (eg. set-top boxes, smart TVs and personal video recorders (PVRs)), in-vehicle infotainment (IVI), networking equipment (such as routers, switches, wireless access points (WAPs) or wireless routers), machine control, industrial automation, navigation equipment, spacecraft flight software, and medical instruments in general.
See Operating system and Linux on embedded systems
List of operating systems
This is a list of operating systems. Operating system and list of operating systems are operating systems.
See Operating system and List of operating systems
List of pioneers in computer science
This is a list of people who made transformative breakthroughs in the creation, development and imagining of what computers could do.
See Operating system and List of pioneers in computer science
Live CD
A live CD (also live DVD, live disc, or live operating system) is a complete bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD-ROM or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than loading from a hard disk drive.
See Operating system and Live CD
Mac (computer)
Mac, short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), is a family of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple.
See Operating system and Mac (computer)
Mac OS X 10.0
Mac OS X 10.0 (code named Cheetah) is the first major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system.
See Operating system and Mac OS X 10.0
Mac OS X Server
Mac OS X Server is a series of discontinued Unix-like server operating systems developed by Apple Inc. based on macOS.
See Operating system and Mac OS X Server
Mac OS X Server 1.0
Mac OS X Server 1.0 is an operating system developed by Apple, Inc. released on March 16, 1999.
See Operating system and Mac OS X Server 1.0
Mach (kernel)
Mach is a kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University by Richard Rashid and Avie Tevanian to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computing.
See Operating system and Mach (kernel)
Machine code
In computer programming, machine code is computer code consisting of machine language instructions, which are used to control a computer's central processing unit (CPU).
See Operating system and Machine code
Macintosh 128K
The Macintosh, later rebranded as the Macintosh 128K, is the original Macintosh personal computer, from Apple.
See Operating system and Macintosh 128K
MacOS
macOS, originally Mac OS X, previously shortened as OS X, is an operating system developed and marketed by Apple since 2001.
See Operating system and MacOS
Magnetic storage
Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium.
See Operating system and Magnetic storage
Magnetic tape
Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film.
See Operating system and Magnetic tape
Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.
See Operating system and Mainframe computer
Malware
Malware (a portmanteau of malicious software)Tahir, R. (2018).
See Operating system and Malware
Manchester Mark 1
The Manchester Mark 1 was one of the earliest stored-program computers, developed at the Victoria University of Manchester, England from the Manchester Baby (operational in June 1948).
See Operating system and Manchester Mark 1
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation.
See Operating system and Manufacturing
Mass storage
In computing, mass storage refers to the storage of large amounts of data in a persisting and machine-readable fashion.
See Operating system and Mass storage
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
See Operating system and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Memory address
In computing, a memory address is a reference to a specific memory location used at various levels by software and hardware.
See Operating system and Memory address
Memory management
Memory management is a form of resource management applied to computer memory.
See Operating system and Memory management
Memory paging
In computer operating systems, memory paging (or swapping on some Unix-like systems) is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory.
See Operating system and Memory paging
Memory protection
Memory protection is a way to control memory access rights on a computer, and is a part of most modern instruction set architectures and operating systems.
See Operating system and Memory protection
Memory segmentation
Memory segmentation is an operating system memory management technique of dividing a computer's primary memory into segments or sections.
See Operating system and Memory segmentation
Message transfer agent
Within the Internet email system, a message transfer agent (MTA), mail transfer agent, or mail relay is software that transfers electronic mail messages from one computer to another using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
See Operating system and Message transfer agent
Metadata (or metainformation) is "data that provides information about other data", but not the content of the data itself, such as the text of a message or the image itself.
See Operating system and Metadata
Michigan Terminal System
The Michigan Terminal System (MTS) is one of the first time-sharing computer operating systems.
See Operating system and Michigan Terminal System
Microcode
In processor design, microcode serves as an intermediary layer situated between the central processing unit (CPU) hardware and the programmer-visible instruction set architecture of a computer, also known as its machine code.
See Operating system and Microcode
Microcomputer
A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor.
See Operating system and Microcomputer
Microcontroller
A microcontroller (MC, UC, or μC) or microcontroller unit (MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit.
See Operating system and Microcontroller
Microkernel
In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS).
See Operating system and Microkernel
Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a computer processor for which the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number of ICs.
See Operating system and Microprocessor
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington.
See Operating system and Microsoft
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a product line of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft.
See Operating system and Microsoft Windows
Middleware
Middleware is a type of computer software program that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system.
See Operating system and Middleware
Midrange computer
Midrange computers, or midrange systems, were a class of computer systems that fell in between mainframe computers and microcomputers.
See Operating system and Midrange computer
Minicomputer
A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a type of smaller general-purpose computer developed in the mid-1960s and sold at a much lower price than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct competitors.
See Operating system and Minicomputer
Minix
MINIX (from mini-Unix) is a Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture.
See Operating system and Minix
MiNT
MiNT (MiNT is Now TOS) is a free software alternative operating system kernel for the Atari ST series.
MKS Inc.
MKS, Inc (formerly called Mortice Kern Systems) is a subsidiary of PTC, Inc.
See Operating system and MKS Inc.
Mnemonic
A mnemonic device or memory device is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval in the human memory, often by associating the information with something that is easier to remember.
See Operating system and Mnemonic
Mobile device
A mobile device or handheld computer is a computer small enough to hold and operate in hand.
See Operating system and Mobile device
Mobile operating system
A mobile operating system is an operating system used for smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, smartglasses, or other non-laptop personal mobile computing devices. Operating system and mobile operating system are operating systems.
See Operating system and Mobile operating system
Monolithic kernel
A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture with the entire operating system running in kernel space.
See Operating system and Monolithic kernel
MorphOS
MorphOS is an AmigaOS-like computer operating system (OS).
See Operating system and MorphOS
MOS Technology 6502
The MOS Technology 6502 (typically pronounced "sixty-five-oh-two") William Mensch and the moderator both pronounce the 6502 microprocessor as "sixty-five-oh-two".
See Operating system and MOS Technology 6502
Motherboard
A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, MB, base board, system board, or, in Apple computers, logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems.
See Operating system and Motherboard
MS-DOS
MS-DOS (acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System, also known as Microsoft DOS) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft.
See Operating system and MS-DOS
Multics
Multics ("MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service") is an influential early time-sharing operating system based on the concept of a single-level memory.
See Operating system and Multics
Multilevel feedback queue
In computer science, a multilevel feedback queue is a scheduling algorithm.
See Operating system and Multilevel feedback queue
Multiprocessing
Multiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system.
See Operating system and Multiprocessing
MUSIC/SP
MUSIC/SP (Multi-User System for Interactive Computing/System Product; originally McGill University System for Interactive Computing) was developed at McGill University in the 1970s from an early IBM time-sharing system called RAX (Remote Access Computing System).
See Operating system and MUSIC/SP
MVS
Multiple Virtual Storage, more commonly called MVS, is the most commonly used operating system on the System/370, System/390 and IBM Z IBM mainframe computers.
NetBSD
NetBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).
See Operating system and NetBSD
Network operating system
A network operating system (NOS) is a specialized operating system for a network device such as a router, switch or firewall. Operating system and network operating system are operating systems.
See Operating system and Network operating system
Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network.
See Operating system and Network packet
Network service
In computer networking, a network service is an application running at the network application layer and above, that provides data storage, manipulation, presentation, communication or other capability which is often implemented using a client–server or peer-to-peer architecture based on application layer network protocols.
See Operating system and Network service
NeXT
NeXT, Inc. (later NeXT Computer, Inc. and NeXT Software, Inc.) was an American technology company headquartered in Redwood City, California that specialized in computer workstations for higher education and business markets, and later developed web software.
NeXTSTEP
NeXTSTEP is a discontinued object-oriented, multitasking operating system based on the Mach kernel and the UNIX-derived BSD.
See Operating system and NeXTSTEP
Niklaus Wirth
Niklaus Emil Wirth (15 February 1934 – 1 January 2024) was a Swiss computer scientist.
See Operating system and Niklaus Wirth
Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed.
See Operating system and Non-volatile memory
NOS (operating system)
NOS (Network Operating System) is a discontinued operating system with time-sharing capabilities, written by Control Data Corporation in 1975.
See Operating system and NOS (operating system)
Oberon (operating system)
The Oberon System is a modular, single-user, single-process, multitasking operating system written in the programming language Oberon.
See Operating system and Oberon (operating system)
Object-oriented operating system
An object-oriented operating system is an operating system that is designed, structured, and operated using object-oriented programming principles.
See Operating system and Object-oriented operating system
Open-core model
The open-core model is a business model for the monetization of commercially produced open-source software.
See Operating system and Open-core model
OpenBSD
OpenBSD is a security-focused, free and open-source, Unix-like operating system based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).
See Operating system and OpenBSD
OpenVMS
OpenVMS, often referred to as just VMS, is a multi-user, multiprocessing and virtual memory-based operating system.
See Operating system and OpenVMS
Operating environment
In computer software, an operating environment or integrated applications environment is the environment in which users run application software.
See Operating system and Operating environment
Operating system abstraction layer
An operating system abstraction layer (OSAL) provides an application programming interface (API) to an abstract operating system making it easier and quicker to develop code for multiple software or hardware platforms.
See Operating system and Operating system abstraction layer
Operating System Projects
OSP, an Environment for Operating System Projects, is a teaching operating system designed to provide an environment for an introductory course in operating systems.
See Operating system and Operating System Projects
Oracle Solaris
Solaris is a proprietary Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems.
See Operating system and Oracle Solaris
Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is generally perceived as a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
See Operating system and Original equipment manufacturer
ORVYL and WYLBUR
ORVYL is a time-sharing monitor developed by Stanford University for IBM System/360 and System/370 computers in 1967–68.
See Operating system and ORVYL and WYLBUR
OS 2200
OS 2200 is the operating system for the Unisys ClearPath Dorado family of mainframe systems.
See Operating system and OS 2200
OS X Lion
OS X Lion, also known as Mac OS X Lion, (version 10.7) is the eighth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system for Mac computers.
See Operating system and OS X Lion
OS/2
OS/2 (Operating System/2) is a series of computer operating systems, initially created by Microsoft and IBM under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci.
OS/360 and successors
OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages for the IBM 7090/7094 and even more so by the PR155 Operating System for the IBM 1410/7010 processors.
See Operating system and OS/360 and successors
Page fault
In computing, a page fault is an exception that the memory management unit (MMU) raises when a process accesses a memory page without proper preparations.
See Operating system and Page fault
Parallel computing
Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously.
See Operating system and Parallel computing
Path (computing)
A path (or filepath, file path, pathname, or similar) is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure.
See Operating system and Path (computing)
PDP-11
The PDP–11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the late 1990s, one of a set of products in the Programmed Data Processor (PDP) series.
See Operating system and PDP-11
Per Brinch Hansen
Per Brinch Hansen (13 November 1938 – 31 July 2007) was a Danish-American computer scientist known for his work in operating systems, concurrent programming and parallel and distributed computing.
See Operating system and Per Brinch Hansen
Peripheral
A peripheral device, or simply peripheral, is an auxiliary hardware device that a computer uses to transfer information externally.
See Operating system and Peripheral
Personal computer
A personal computer, often referred to as a PC, is a computer designed for individual use.
See Operating system and Personal computer
Plan 9 from Bell Labs
Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system which originated from the Computing Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s and built on UNIX concepts first developed there in the late 1960s.
See Operating system and Plan 9 from Bell Labs
PLATO (computer system)
PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations), also known as Project Plato and Project PLATO, was the first generalized computer-assisted instruction system.
See Operating system and PLATO (computer system)
Plugboard
A plugboard or control panel (the term used depends on the application area) is an array of jacks or sockets (often called hubs) into which patch cords can be inserted to complete an electrical circuit.
See Operating system and Plugboard
Polling (computer science)
Polling, or interrogation, refers to actively sampling the status of an external device by a client program as a synchronous activity.
See Operating system and Polling (computer science)
Porting
In software engineering, porting is the process of adapting software for the purpose of achieving some form of execution in a computing environment that is different from the one that a given program (meant for such execution) was originally designed for (e.g., different CPU, operating system, or third party library).
See Operating system and Porting
POSIX
The Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems.
See Operating system and POSIX
Power outage
A power outage (also called a powercut, a power out, a power failure, a power blackout, a power loss, or a blackout) is the loss of the electrical power network supply to an end user.
See Operating system and Power outage
Preemption (computing)
In computing, preemption is the act of temporarily interrupting an executing task, with the intention of resuming it at a later time.
See Operating system and Preemption (computing)
Prefetching
Prefetching in computer science is a technique for speeding up fetch operations by beginning a fetch operation whose result is expected to be needed soon.
See Operating system and Prefetching
Prentice Hall
Prentice Hall was a major American educational publisher.
See Operating system and Prentice Hall
Principle of least privilege
In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege (PoLP), also known as the principle of minimal privilege (PoMP) or the principle of least authority (PoLA), requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module (such as a process, a user, or a program, depending on the subject) must be able to access only the information and resources that are necessary for its legitimate purpose.
See Operating system and Principle of least privilege
Priority queue
In computer science, a priority queue is an abstract data type similar to a regular queue or stack abstract data type.
See Operating system and Priority queue
Privilege separation
In computer programming and computer security, privilege separation is one software-based technique for implementing the principle of least privilege.
See Operating system and Privilege separation
Procedural programming
Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, classified as imperative programming, that involves implementing the behavior of a computer program as procedures (a.k.a. functions, subroutines) that call each other.
See Operating system and Procedural programming
Process (computing)
In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads.
See Operating system and Process (computing)
Process control block
A process control block (PCB), also sometimes called a process descriptor, is a data structure used by a computer operating system to store all the information about a process.
See Operating system and Process control block
Process identifier
In computing, the process identifier (a.k.a. process ID or PID) is a number used by most operating system kernels—such as those of Unix, macOS and Windows—to uniquely identify an active process.
See Operating system and Process identifier
Processor register
A processor register is a quickly accessible location available to a computer's processor.
See Operating system and Processor register
Program counter
The program counter (PC), commonly called the instruction pointer (IP) in Intel x86 and Itanium microprocessors, and sometimes called the instruction address register (IAR), the instruction counter, or just part of the instruction sequencer, is a processor register that indicates where a computer is in its program sequence.
See Operating system and Program counter
Programmable interrupt controller
In computing, a programmable interrupt controller (PIC) is an integrated circuit that helps a microprocessor (or CPU) handle interrupt requests (IRQs) coming from multiple different sources (like external I/O devices) which may occur simultaneously.
See Operating system and Programmable interrupt controller
Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.
See Operating system and Proprietary software
Protected mode
In computing, protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, is an operational mode of x86-compatible central processing units (CPUs).
See Operating system and Protected mode
Protection ring
In computer science, hierarchical protection domains, often called protection rings, are mechanisms to protect data and functionality from faults (by improving fault tolerance) and malicious behavior (by providing computer security).
See Operating system and Protection ring
Punched tape
Five- and eight-hole wide punched paper tape Paper tape reader on the Harwell computer with a small piece of five-hole tape connected in a circle – creating a physical program loop Punched tape or perforated paper tape is a form of data storage device that consists of a long strip of paper through which small holes are punched.
See Operating system and Punched tape
QNX
QNX is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market.
Qt (software)
Qt (pronounced "cute" or as an initialism) is cross-platform application development framework for creating graphical user interfaces as well as cross-platform applications that run on various software and hardware platforms such as Linux, Windows, macOS, Android or embedded systems with little or no change in the underlying codebase while still being a native application with native capabilities and speed.
See Operating system and Qt (software)
RAID
RAID ("redundant array of inexpensive disks" or "redundant array of independent disks") is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.
Random-access memory
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of electronic computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code.
See Operating system and Random-access memory
ReactOS
ReactOS is a free and open-source operating system for i586/amd64 personal computers intended to be binary-compatible with computer programs and device drivers developed for Windows Server 2003 and later versions of Microsoft Windows.
See Operating system and ReactOS
Readers–writers problem
In computer science, the readers–writers problems are examples of a common computing problem in concurrency.
See Operating system and Readers–writers problem
Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. Operating system and real-time operating system are operating systems.
See Operating system and Real-time operating system
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a commercial open-source Linux distribution developed by Red Hat for the commercial market.
See Operating system and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Remote direct memory access
In computing, remote direct memory access (RDMA) is a direct memory access from the memory of one computer into that of another without involving either one's operating system.
See Operating system and Remote direct memory access
Remote procedure call
In distributed computing, a remote procedure call (RPC) is when a computer program causes a procedure (subroutine) to execute in a different address space (commonly on another computer on a shared computer network), which is written as if it were a normal (local) procedure call, without the programmer explicitly writing the details for the remote interaction.
See Operating system and Remote procedure call
Resident monitor
In computing, a resident monitor is a type of system software program that was used in many early computers from the 1950s to 1970s.
See Operating system and Resident monitor
Richard Stallman
Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), also known by his initials, rms, is an American free software movement activist and programmer.
See Operating system and Richard Stallman
RIOT (operating system)
RIOT is a small operating system for networked, memory-constrained systems with a focus on low-power wireless Internet of things (IoT) devices.
See Operating system and RIOT (operating system)
RISC OS
RISC OS is a computer operating system originally designed by Acorn Computers Ltd in Cambridge, England.
See Operating system and RISC OS
Root directory
In a computer file system, and primarily used in the Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the root directory is the first or top-most directory in a hierarchy.
See Operating system and Root directory
RSX-11
RSX-11 is a discontinued family of multi-user real-time operating systems for PDP-11 computers created by Digital Equipment Corporation.
See Operating system and RSX-11
RT-11
RT-11 (Real-time 11) is a discontinued small, low-end, single-user real-time operating system for the full line of Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 16-bit computers.
See Operating system and RT-11
Runtime library
In computer programming, a runtime library is a set of low-level routines used by a compiler to invoke some of the behaviors of a runtime environment, by inserting calls to the runtime library into compiled executable binary.
See Operating system and Runtime library
Samba (software)
Samba is a free software re-implementation of the SMB networking protocol, and was originally developed by Andrew Tridgell.
See Operating system and Samba (software)
Scheduling (computing)
In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks.
See Operating system and Scheduling (computing)
SCSI RDMA Protocol
In computing the SCSI RDMA Protocol (SRP) is a protocol that allows one computer to access SCSI devices attached to another computer via remote direct memory access (RDMA).
See Operating system and SCSI RDMA Protocol
Security domain
A security domain is the determining factor in the classification of an enclave of servers/computers.
See Operating system and Security domain
Security through obscurity
In security engineering, security through obscurity is the practice of concealing the details or mechanisms of a system to enhance its security.
See Operating system and Security through obscurity
Security-focused operating system
This is a list of operating systems specifically focused on security.
See Operating system and Security-focused operating system
Segmentation fault
In computing, a segmentation fault (often shortened to segfault) or access violation is a fault, or failure condition, raised by hardware with memory protection, notifying an operating system (OS) the software has attempted to access a restricted area of memory (a memory access violation).
See Operating system and Segmentation fault
Server (computing)
A server is a computer that provides information to other computers called "clients" on computer network.
See Operating system and Server (computing)
The SHARE Operating System (SOS) is an operating system introduced in 1959 by the SHARE user group.
See Operating system and SHARE Operating System
Shell (computing)
In computing, a shell is a computer program that exposes an operating system's services to a human user or other programs.
See Operating system and Shell (computing)
Signal (IPC)
Signals are standardized messages sent to a running program to trigger specific behavior, such as quitting or error handling.
See Operating system and Signal (IPC)
Single-board computer
A single-board computer (SBC) is a complete computer built on a single circuit board, with microprocessor(s), memory, input/output (I/O) and other features required of a functional computer.
See Operating system and Single-board computer
Singularity (operating system)
Singularity is an experimental operating system developed by Microsoft Research between July 9, 2003, and February 7, 2015.
See Operating system and Singularity (operating system)
Smart card
A smart card (SC), chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC or IC card), is a card used to control access to a resource.
See Operating system and Smart card
Smartphone
A smartphone, often simply called a phone, is a mobile device that combines the functionality of a traditional mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities.
See Operating system and Smartphone
Smartwatch
A smartwatch is a portable wearable computer device in the form of a wristwatch.
See Operating system and Smartwatch
Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer.
See Operating system and Software
Software architecture
Software architecture is the set of structures needed to reason about a software system and the discipline of creating such structures and systems.
See Operating system and Software architecture
Software maintenance
Software maintenance is the modification of a software product after delivery.
See Operating system and Software maintenance
Solid-state drive
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a solid-state storage device.
See Operating system and Solid-state drive
Sorting algorithm
In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order.
See Operating system and Sorting algorithm
Source code
In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is a plain text computer program written in a programming language.
See Operating system and Source code
SPARC
SPARC (Scalable Processor ARChitecture) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture originally developed by Sun Microsystems.
See Operating system and SPARC
Sperry Corporation
Sperry Corporation was a major American equipment and electronics company whose existence spanned more than seven decades of the 20th century.
See Operating system and Sperry Corporation
Spooling
In computing, spooling is a specialized form of multi-programming for the purpose of copying data between different devices.
See Operating system and Spooling
Stack machine
In computer science, computer engineering and programming language implementations, a stack machine is a computer processor or a virtual machine in which the primary interaction is moving short-lived temporary values to and from a push down stack.
See Operating system and Stack machine
Stack-based memory allocation
Stacks in computing architectures are regions of memory where data is added or removed in a last-in-first-out (LIFO) manner.
See Operating system and Stack-based memory allocation
Status register
A status register, flag register, or condition code register (CCR) is a collection of status flag bits for a processor.
See Operating system and Status register
Steve Jobs
Steven Paul Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American businessman, inventor, and investor best known for co-founding the technology company Apple Inc. Jobs was also the founder of NeXT and chairman and majority shareholder of Pixar.
See Operating system and Steve Jobs
Sun Microsystems
Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun for short) was an American technology company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services and created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, ZFS, the Network File System (NFS), and SPARC microprocessors.
See Operating system and Sun Microsystems
Supercomputer
A supercomputer is a type of computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.
See Operating system and Supercomputer
Superminicomputer
A superminicomputer, colloquially supermini, is a high-end minicomputer.
See Operating system and Superminicomputer
Syllable Desktop
Syllable Desktop is a discontinued free and open-source lightweight hobbyist operating system for Pentium and compatible processors.
See Operating system and Syllable Desktop
System call
In computing, a system call (commonly abbreviated to syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system on which it is executed.
See Operating system and System call
System Commander
System Commander (SC for short) is a graphical boot manager/loader software application developed by VCOM.
See Operating system and System Commander
System image
In computing, a system image is a serialized copy of the entire state of a computer system stored in some non-volatile form, such as a file.
See Operating system and System image
System software
System software is software designed to provide a platform for other software.
See Operating system and System software
Systems programming
Systems programming, or system programming, is the activity of programming computer system software.
See Operating system and Systems programming
Tablet computer
A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package.
See Operating system and Tablet computer
TempleOS
TempleOS (formerly J Operating System, LoseThos, and SparrowOS) is a biblical-themed lightweight operating system (OS) designed to be the Third Temple prophesied in the Bible.
See Operating system and TempleOS
The Open Group
The Open Group is a global consortium that seeks to "enable the achievement of business objectives" by developing "open, vendor-neutral technology standards and certifications." It has 900+ member organizations and provides a number of services, including strategy, management, innovation and research, standards, certification, and test development.
See Operating system and The Open Group
Thread (computing)
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system.
See Operating system and Thread (computing)
Thread control block
Thread Control Block (TCB) is a data structure in an operating system kernel that contains thread-specific information needed to manage the thread.
See Operating system and Thread control block
Tim Berners-Lee
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web, the HTML markup language, the URL system, and HTTP.
See Operating system and Tim Berners-Lee
Time-sharing
In computing, time-sharing is the concurrent sharing of a computing resource among many tasks or users by giving each task or user a small slice of processing time.
See Operating system and Time-sharing
Timeline of operating systems
This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. Operating system and timeline of operating systems are operating systems.
See Operating system and Timeline of operating systems
TinyOS
TinyOS is an embedded, component-based operating system and platform for low-power wireless devices, such as those used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), smartdust, ubiquitous computing, personal area networks, building automation, and smart meters.
See Operating system and TinyOS
TOP500
The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computer systems in the world.
See Operating system and TOP500
TOPS-10
TOPS-10 System (Timesharing / Total Operating System-10) is a discontinued operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-10 (or DECsystem-10) mainframe computer family.
See Operating system and TOPS-10
TOPS-20
The TOPS-20 operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) is a proprietary OS used on some of DEC's 36-bit mainframe computers.
See Operating system and TOPS-20
Touchpad
A touchpad or trackpad is a type of pointing device.
See Operating system and Touchpad
Touchscreen
A touchscreen (or touch screen) is a type of display that can detect touch input from a user.
See Operating system and Touchscreen
Transient execution CPU vulnerability
Transient execution CPU vulnerabilities are vulnerabilities in a computer system in which a speculative execution optimization implemented in a microprocessor is exploited to leak secret data to an unauthorized party.
See Operating system and Transient execution CPU vulnerability
Tree (data structure)
In computer science, a tree is a widely used abstract data type that represents a hierarchical tree structure with a set of connected nodes.
See Operating system and Tree (data structure)
Trojan horse (computing)
In computing, a Trojan horse (or simply Trojan) is any malware that misleads users of its true intent by disguising itself as a standard program.
See Operating system and Trojan horse (computing)
TSS (operating system)
The IBM Time Sharing System TSS/360 is a discontinued early time-sharing operating system designed exclusively for a special model of the System/360 line of mainframes, the Model 67.
See Operating system and TSS (operating system)
Type system
In computer programming, a type system is a logical system comprising a set of rules that assigns a property called a ''type'' (for example, integer, floating point, string) to every term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols).
See Operating system and Type system
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution derived from Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software.
See Operating system and Ubuntu
Uncontrolled format string
Uncontrolled format string is a type of code injection vulnerability discovered around 1989 that can be used in security exploits.
See Operating system and Uncontrolled format string
Unikernel
A unikernel is a computer program statically linked with the operating system code on which it depends.
See Operating system and Unikernel
Unisys
Unisys Corporation is an American multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania.
See Operating system and Unisys
United States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.
See Operating system and United States Department of Defense
UNIVAC
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation.
See Operating system and UNIVAC
UNIVAC 1100/2200 series
The UNIVAC 1100/2200 series is a series of compatible 36-bit computer systems, beginning with the UNIVAC 1107 in 1962, initially made by Sperry Rand.
See Operating system and UNIVAC 1100/2200 series
Universal Turing machine
In computer science, a universal Turing machine (UTM) is a Turing machine capable of computing any computable sequence, as described by Alan Turing in his seminal paper "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem".
See Operating system and Universal Turing machine
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California.
See Operating system and University of California, Berkeley
Unix
Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Operating system and Unix are operating systems.
UNIX System Services
z/OS UNIX System Services (z/OS UNIX, or informally USS) is a base element of z/OS.
See Operating system and UNIX System Services
UNIX System V
Unix System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system.
See Operating system and UNIX System V
Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X or *nix) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification.
See Operating system and Unix-like
The usage share of an operating system is the percentage of computers running that operating system (OS). Operating system and usage share of operating systems are operating systems.
See Operating system and Usage share of operating systems
USB flash drive
A flash drive (also thumb drive, memory stick, and pen drive/pendrive elsewhere) is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface.
See Operating system and USB flash drive
User (computing)
A user is a person who utilizes a computer or network service.
See Operating system and User (computing)
User interface
In the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, a user interface (UI) is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur.
See Operating system and User interface
User space and kernel space
A modern computer operating system usually uses virtual memory to provide separate address spaces, or separate regions of a single address space, called user space and kernel space.
See Operating system and User space and kernel space
VAX
VAX (an acronym for Virtual Address eXtension) is a series of computers featuring a 32-bit instruction set architecture (ISA) and virtual memory that was developed and sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the late 20th century.
Virtual machine
In computing, a virtual machine (VM) is the virtualization or emulation of a computer system.
See Operating system and Virtual machine
Virtual memory
In computing, virtual memory, or virtual storage, is a memory management technique that provides an "idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine" which "creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory".
See Operating system and Virtual memory
Virtualization
In computing, virtualization or virtualisation in British English (sometimes abbreviated v12n, a numeronym) is the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something at the same abstraction level, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.
See Operating system and Virtualization
Volatile memory
Volatile memory, in contrast to non-volatile memory, is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information; it retains its contents while powered on but when the power is interrupted, the stored data is quickly lost.
See Operating system and Volatile memory
Vulnerability (computer security)
Vulnerabilities are flaws in a computer system that weaken the overall security of the system.
See Operating system and Vulnerability (computer security)
VxWorks
VxWorks is a real-time operating system (or RTOS) developed as proprietary software by Wind River Systems, a subsidiary of Aptiv.
See Operating system and VxWorks
Web server
A web server is computer software and underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP (the network protocol created to distribute web content) or its secure variant HTTPS.
See Operating system and Web server
Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
See Operating system and Wiley (publisher)
WIMP (computing)
In human–computer interaction, WIMP stands for "windows, icons, menus, pointer", denoting a style of interaction using these elements of the user interface.
See Operating system and WIMP (computing)
Windows 11
Windows 11 is the latest major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system, released on October 5, 2021.
See Operating system and Windows 11
Windows 3.x
Windows 3.x means either of, or all of the following versions of Microsoft Windows.
See Operating system and Windows 3.x
Windows 95
Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of operating systems.
See Operating system and Windows 95
Windows Me
Windows Me (Millennium Edition) is an operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of Microsoft Windows operating systems.
See Operating system and Windows Me
Windows NT
Windows NT is a proprietary graphical operating system produced by Microsoft as part of its Windows product line, the first version of which, Windows NT 3.1, was released on July 27, 1993.
See Operating system and Windows NT
Workstation
A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications.
See Operating system and Workstation
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW or simply the Web) is an information system that enables content sharing over the Internet through user-friendly ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists.
See Operating system and World Wide Web
Wrapper function
A wrapper function is a function (another word for a subroutine) in a software library or a computer program whose main purpose is to call a second subroutine or a system call with little or no additional computation.
See Operating system and Wrapper function
X86
x86 (also known as 80x86 or the 8086 family) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures initially developed by Intel based on the 8086 microprocessor and its 8-bit-external-bus variant, the 8088.
X86-64
x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) is a 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set, first announced in 1999.
See Operating system and X86-64
XTS-400
The XTS-400 is a multilevel secure computer operating system.
See Operating system and XTS-400
Z/Architecture
z/Architecture, initially and briefly called ESA Modal Extensions (ESAME), is IBM's 64-bit complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architecture, implemented by its mainframe computers.
See Operating system and Z/Architecture
Z/OS
z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for IBM z/Architecture mainframes, introduced by IBM in October 2000.
Z/VM
z/VM is the current version in IBM's VM family of virtual machine operating systems.
16-bit computing
16-bit microcomputers are microcomputers that use 16-bit microprocessors.
See Operating system and 16-bit computing
32-bit computing
In computer architecture, 32-bit computing refers to computer systems with a processor, memory, and other major system components that operate on data in 32-bit units.
See Operating system and 32-bit computing
64-bit computing
In computer architecture, 64-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 64 bits wide.
See Operating system and 64-bit computing
See also
Operating systems
- Bare machine
- Comparison of operating systems
- Comparison of user features of operating systems
- DBOS
- Distributed operating system
- DivestOS
- Embedded operating systems
- Friend (operating system)
- Glossary of operating systems terms
- History of RISC OS
- History of operating systems
- Holborn 9100
- Internet OS
- Just enough operating system
- Kernel (operating system)
- LCARS
- Linux
- Linux kernel
- List of operating systems
- MSX-DOS
- Memory management (operating systems)
- Mobile operating system
- Mobile operating systems
- Network operating system
- Operating System Concepts
- Operating system
- Real-time operating system
- Real-time operating systems
- Single address space operating system
- Supercomputer operating system
- Supercomputer operating systems
- Timeline of operating systems
- UCSD Pascal
- Unix
- Usage share of operating systems
- Visopsys
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
Also known as Computer OS, Computer operating sysem, Computer operating system, Desktop OS, Desktop operating system, Desktop operating systems, Desktop system, GPOS, General-purpose operating system, Library OS, Library Operating Systems, OPSYS, Operating System Types, Operating Systems, Operatingsystem, Operation system, Operative system.
, Channel I/O, Checksum, ChromeOS, ChromiumOS, Classic Mac OS, Cloud computing, Code injection, Code review, Command-line interface, Comparison of operating systems, Compiler, Computer architecture, Computer cluster, Computer hardware, Computer memory, Computer mouse, Computer multitasking, Computer network, Computer program, Computer virus, Computer worm, Computing platform, Concurrency (computer science), Context switch, Control Data Corporation, Control flow, Control-C, Control-flow integrity, Cooperative multitasking, CP-67, CP/M, Crash (computing), Cursor (user interface), Daemon (computing), DARPA, Data buffer, Data corruption, Database index, Dave Cutler, DBOS, Debian, Denial-of-service attack, Device driver, Device register, Digital Equipment Corporation, Direct memory access, Directory (computing), Disk operating system, Distributed computing, Distributed memory, Distributed shared memory, Division by zero, Domain Name System, DOS/360 and successors, Dynamic random-access memory, ECos, Embedded operating system, Embedded system, Emulator, ETH Zurich, Event (computing), Exception handling, Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language, Exploit (computer security), Federal Information Processing Standards, File locking, File system, File system fragmentation, Filename, Firmware, Flash memory, Formal verification, Free software, FreeBSD, General Comprehensive Operating System, General Electric, General protection fault, Glossary of operating systems terms, GM-NAA I/O, GNU Hurd, GNU Project, Google, Graphical user interface, Haiku (operating system), Hard disk drive, Hardening (computing), Hexadecimal, History of IBM mainframe operating systems, History of operating systems, Homebrew Computer Club, Honeywell, HP-UX, Hybrid kernel, Hypervisor, I386, IA-32, IBM 1410, IBM 700/7000 series, IBM 704, IBM 7040, IBM 709, IBM 7090, IBM 7090/94 IBSYS, IBM Airline Control Program, IBM AIX, IBM AS/400, IBM i, IBM PC DOS, IBM Personal Computer, IBM Power Systems, IBM System/360, IBM System/360 Model 67, Information security, Input/output, Institution of Engineering and Technology, INT (x86 instruction), Intel, Intel 80286, Internet of things, Interrupt, Interrupt handler, Interrupt request, Interrupt vector table, Interruptible operating system, IOS, IPadOS, Java (software platform), Jürg Gutknecht, Keith Bostic (software engineer), Ken Thompson, Kernel (operating system), Keyboard technology, Kilobyte, Library (computing), Light-weight Linux distribution, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, Linker (computing), Linus Torvalds, Linux, Linux distribution, Linux kernel, Linux Mint, Linux on embedded systems, List of operating systems, List of pioneers in computer science, Live CD, Mac (computer), Mac OS X 10.0, Mac OS X Server, Mac OS X Server 1.0, Mach (kernel), Machine code, Macintosh 128K, MacOS, Magnetic storage, Magnetic tape, Mainframe computer, Malware, Manchester Mark 1, Manufacturing, Mass storage, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Memory address, Memory management, Memory paging, Memory protection, Memory segmentation, Message transfer agent, Metadata, Michigan Terminal System, Microcode, Microcomputer, Microcontroller, Microkernel, Microprocessor, Microsoft, Microsoft Windows, Middleware, Midrange computer, Minicomputer, Minix, MiNT, MKS Inc., Mnemonic, Mobile device, Mobile operating system, Monolithic kernel, MorphOS, MOS Technology 6502, Motherboard, MS-DOS, Multics, Multilevel feedback queue, Multiprocessing, MUSIC/SP, MVS, NetBSD, Network operating system, Network packet, Network service, NeXT, NeXTSTEP, Niklaus Wirth, Non-volatile memory, NOS (operating system), Oberon (operating system), Object-oriented operating system, Open-core model, OpenBSD, OpenVMS, Operating environment, Operating system abstraction layer, Operating System Projects, Oracle Solaris, Original equipment manufacturer, ORVYL and WYLBUR, OS 2200, OS X Lion, OS/2, OS/360 and successors, Page fault, Parallel computing, Path (computing), PDP-11, Per Brinch Hansen, Peripheral, Personal computer, Plan 9 from Bell Labs, PLATO (computer system), Plugboard, Polling (computer science), Porting, POSIX, Power outage, Preemption (computing), Prefetching, Prentice Hall, Principle of least privilege, Priority queue, Privilege separation, Procedural programming, Process (computing), Process control block, Process identifier, Processor register, Program counter, Programmable interrupt controller, Proprietary software, Protected mode, Protection ring, Punched tape, QNX, Qt (software), RAID, Random-access memory, ReactOS, Readers–writers problem, Real-time operating system, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Remote direct memory access, Remote procedure call, Resident monitor, Richard Stallman, RIOT (operating system), RISC OS, Root directory, RSX-11, RT-11, Runtime library, Samba (software), Scheduling (computing), SCSI RDMA Protocol, Security domain, Security through obscurity, Security-focused operating system, Segmentation fault, Server (computing), SHARE Operating System, Shell (computing), Signal (IPC), Single-board computer, Singularity (operating system), Smart card, Smartphone, Smartwatch, Software, Software architecture, Software maintenance, Solid-state drive, Sorting algorithm, Source code, SPARC, Sperry Corporation, Spooling, Stack machine, Stack-based memory allocation, Status register, Steve Jobs, Sun Microsystems, Supercomputer, Superminicomputer, Syllable Desktop, System call, System Commander, System image, System software, Systems programming, Tablet computer, TempleOS, The Open Group, Thread (computing), Thread control block, Tim Berners-Lee, Time-sharing, Timeline of operating systems, TinyOS, TOP500, TOPS-10, TOPS-20, Touchpad, Touchscreen, Transient execution CPU vulnerability, Tree (data structure), Trojan horse (computing), TSS (operating system), Type system, Ubuntu, Uncontrolled format string, Unikernel, Unisys, United States Department of Defense, UNIVAC, UNIVAC 1100/2200 series, Universal Turing machine, University of California, Berkeley, Unix, UNIX System Services, UNIX System V, Unix-like, Usage share of operating systems, USB flash drive, User (computing), User interface, User space and kernel space, VAX, Virtual machine, Virtual memory, Virtualization, Volatile memory, Vulnerability (computer security), VxWorks, Web server, Wiley (publisher), WIMP (computing), Windows 11, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows NT, Workstation, World Wide Web, Wrapper function, X86, X86-64, XTS-400, Z/Architecture, Z/OS, Z/VM, 16-bit computing, 32-bit computing, 64-bit computing.