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Origin of the coat of arms, the Glossary

The origin of coats of arms is the invention, in the medieval West, of the emblematic system based on the blazon, which is described and studied by heraldry.^[1]

221 relations: Accolade, Achievement (heraldry), Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois, Alexander the Great, Alfonso VII of León and Castile, Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy, Ancient history, Anglo-Normans, Anthroponymy, Aragon, Austria, Azure (heraldry), Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon, Baldwin I of Jerusalem, Baldwin I, Latin Emperor, Banner, Battle cry, Battle of Hastings, Battle on the Marchfeld, Bayeux Tapestry, Beaugency, Blazon, Bohemond I of Antioch, Bourbonnais, Bracteate, Brandenburg, Brittany, Byzantine Empire, Cadency, Canting arms, Carolingian dynasty, Cathedral chapter, Champagne-Ardenne, Chanson de geste, Charlemagne, Charles the Good, Chevron (insignia), Claude-François Ménestrier, Coat of arms, Coin, Cologne, Count, Count of Champagne, Counts and dukes of Guise, Counts of Chiny, Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Counts of Dreux, Counts of Soissons, County of Amiens, County of Ferrette, ... Expand index (171 more) »
High Middle Ages
Medieval culture

Accolade

The accolade (also known as dubbing or adoubement) (benedictio militis) was the central act in the rite of passage ceremonies conferring knighthood in the Middle Ages.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Accolade

In heraldry, an achievement, armorial achievement or heraldic achievement (historical: hatchment) is a full display or depiction of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Achievement (heraldry)

Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois

Adelaide of Vermandois (died 23 September 1120) was suo jure Countess of Vermandois and Valois from 1080 to 1120.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois

Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Alexander the Great

Alfonso VII of León and Castile

Alfonso VII (1 March 110521 August 1157), called the Emperor (el Emperador), became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King of León and Castile in 1126.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Alfonso VII of León and Castile

Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy

Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy (1 July 182127 June 1904) was a French archaeologist and numismatist.

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Ancient history

Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity.

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Anglo-Normans

The Anglo-Normans (Anglo-Normaunds, Engel-Norðmandisca) were the medieval ruling class in the Kingdom of England following the Norman Conquest.

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Anthroponymy

Anthroponymy (also anthroponymics or anthroponomastics, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos / 'human', and ὄνομα onoma / 'name') is the study of anthroponyms, the proper names of human beings, both individual and collective.

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Aragon

Aragon (Spanish and Aragón; Aragó) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.

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Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

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Azure (heraldry)

In heraldry, azure is the tincture with the colour blue, and belongs to the class of tinctures called "colours".

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Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon

Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon (died 4 June 1155), feudal baron of Plympton in Devon, was the son of Richard de Redvers and his wife Adeline Peverel.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon

Baldwin I of Jerusalem

Baldwin I (1060s – 2 April 1118) was the first count of Edessa from 1098 to 1100 and king of Jerusalem from 1100 to his death in 1118.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Baldwin I of Jerusalem

Baldwin I, Latin Emperor

Baldwin I (Boudewijn; Baudouin; July 1172 –) was the first Emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople; Count of Flanders (as Baldwin IX) from 1194 to 1205 and Count of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI) from 1195 to 1205.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Baldwin I, Latin Emperor

A banner can be a flag or another piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or another message.

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Battle cry

A battle cry or war cry is a yell or chant taken up in battle, usually by members of the same combatant group.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Battle cry

Battle of Hastings

The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Battle of Hastings

Battle on the Marchfeld

The Battle on the Marchfeld (i.e. Morava Field; Schlacht auf dem Marchfeld; Bitva na Moravském poli; Második morvamezei csata / dürnkruti csata); Bitwa pod Suchymi Krutami at Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen took place on 26 August 1278 and was a decisive event for the history of Central Europe for the following centuries.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Battle on the Marchfeld

Bayeux Tapestry

The Bayeux Tapestry (Tapisserie de Bayeux or La telle du conquest; Tapete Baiocense) is an embroidered cloth nearly long and tall that depicts the events leading up to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, led by William, Duke of Normandy challenging Harold II, King of England, and culminating in the Battle of Hastings.

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Beaugency

Beaugency is a commune in the Loiret department, Centre-Val de Loire, north-central France.

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Blazon

In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Blazon

Bohemond I of Antioch

Bohemond I of Antioch (5 or 7 March 1111), also known as Bohemond of Taranto or Bohemond of Hauteville, was the prince of Taranto from 1089 to 1111 and the prince of Antioch from 1098 to 1111.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Bohemond I of Antioch

Bourbonnais

The Bourbonnais was a historic province in the centre of France that corresponds to the modern département of Allier, along with part of the département of Cher.

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Bracteate

A bracteate (from the Latin bractea, a thin piece of metal) is a flat, thin, single-sided gold medal worn as jewelry that was produced in Northern Europe predominantly during the Migration Period of the Germanic Iron Age (including the Vendel era in Sweden).

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Brandenburg

Brandenburg, officially the State of Brandenburg (see Names), is a state in northeastern Germany.

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Brittany

Brittany (Bretagne,; Breizh,; Gallo: Bertaèyn or Bertègn) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Cadency

In heraldry, cadency is any systematic way to distinguish arms displayed by descendants of the holder of a coat of arms when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right.

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Canting arms

Canting arms are heraldic bearings that represent the bearer's name (or, less often, some attribute or function) in a visual pun or rebus.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Canting arms

Carolingian dynasty

The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel and his grandson Charlemagne, descendants of the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.

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Cathedral chapter

According to both Catholic and Anglican canon law, a cathedral chapter is a college of clerics (chapter) formed to advise a bishop and, in the case of a vacancy of the episcopal see in some countries, to govern the diocese during the vacancy.

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Champagne-Ardenne

Champagne-Ardenne is a former administrative region of France, located in the northeast of the country, bordering Belgium.

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Chanson de geste

The paren, from gesta 'deeds, actions accomplished') is a medieval narrative, a type of epic poem that appears at the dawn of French literature. The earliest known poems of this genre date from the late 11th and early 12th centuries, shortly before the emergence of the lyric poetry of the troubadours and trouvères, and the earliest verse romances.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Chanson de geste

Charlemagne

Charlemagne (2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor, of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire, from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814.

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Charles the Good

Charles the Good (10842 March 1127) was Count of Flanders from 1119 to 1127.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Charles the Good

Chevron (insignia)

A chevron (also spelled cheveron, especially in older documents) is a V-shaped mark or symbol, often inverted.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Chevron (insignia)

Claude-François Ménestrier

Claude-François Ménestrier (9 March 1631 – 21 January 1705) was a French heraldist, writer, member of the Society of Jesus, and attendant of the royal court.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Claude-François Ménestrier

Coat of arms

A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments).

See Origin of the coat of arms and Coat of arms

Coin

A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender.

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Cologne

Cologne (Köln; Kölle) is the largest city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and over 3.1 million people in the Cologne Bonn urban region.

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Count

Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility.

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Count of Champagne

The Count of Champagne was the ruler of the County of Champagne from 950 to 1316.

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Counts and dukes of Guise

Count of Guise and Duke of Guise were titles in the French nobility.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Counts and dukes of Guise

Counts of Chiny

The counts of Chiny were part of the nobility of Lotharingia that ruled from the 9th to the 14th century in what is now part of Belgium.

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Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis

The counts of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis first appeared in the early 11th century.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis

Counts of Dreux

The Counts of Dreux were a noble family of France, who took their title from the chief stronghold of their domain, the château of Dreux, which lies near the boundary between Normandy and the Île-de-France.

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Counts of Soissons

This is a list of those who bore the title Count of Soissons (Comte de Soissons) and ruled Soissons and its civitas or diocese as a county in the Middle Ages.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Counts of Soissons

County of Amiens

The County of Amiens (also: Amiénois) was a feudal state centred on the city of Amiens, northern France, that existed from the 9th century until 1077 when the last count became a monk and the county reverted to the French crown.

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County of Ferrette

The County of Ferrette (or Pfirt) was a feudal jurisdiction in Alsace in the Middle Ages and the early modern period.

See Origin of the coat of arms and County of Ferrette

County of Guînes

The County of Guînes, was a Flemish fief and later French fief in the Middle Ages.

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County of Meulan

In the Middle Ages, the county of Meulan was a county of Île-de-France.

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County of Montbéliard

The Princely County of Montbéliard (Comté princier de Montbéliard; Grafschaft Mömpelgard), was a princely county of the Holy Roman Empire seated in the city of Montbéliard in the present-day Franche-Comté region of France.

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County of Nevers

The County of Nevers was a county in central France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and County of Nevers

County of Saint-Pol

The county of Saint-Pol (or Sint-Pols) was a county around the French city of Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise (Sint-Pols-aan-de-Ternas) on the border of Artois and Picardy, formerly the county of Ternois.

See Origin of the coat of arms and County of Saint-Pol

Crest (heraldry)

A crest is a component of a heraldic display, consisting of the device borne on top of the helm.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Crest (heraldry)

David

David ("beloved one") was a king of ancient Israel and Judah and the third king of the United Monarchy, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament.

See Origin of the coat of arms and David

De Clare

The House of Clare was a prominent Anglo-Norman noble house that ruled the Earldoms of Pembroke, Hertford and Gloucester in England and Wales throughout its history, playing a prominent role in the Norman invasion of Ireland.

See Origin of the coat of arms and De Clare

Division of the field

In heraldry, the field (background) of a shield can be divided into more than one area, or subdivision, of different tinctures, usually following the lines of one of the ordinaries and carrying its name (e.g. a shield divided in the shape of a chevron is said to be parted "per chevron").

See Origin of the coat of arms and Division of the field

Douce I, Countess of Provence

Douce I (also Dulcia or Dolça, called "of Rouergue" or "of Gévaudan") (– 1127) was the daughter of Gilbert I of Gévaudan and Gerberga of Provence and wife of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Douce I, Countess of Provence

Duke of Spoleto

The Duke of Spoleto was the ruler of Spoleto and most of central Italy outside the Papal States during the Early and High Middle Ages (c. 500 – 1300).

See Origin of the coat of arms and Duke of Spoleto

Eagle

Eagle is the common name for the golden eagle, bald eagle, and other birds of prey in the family Accipitridae.

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Eagle (heraldry)

The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest.

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Earl of Leicester

Earl of Leicester is a title that has been created seven times.

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Earl of Pembroke

Earl of Pembroke is a title in the Peerage of England that was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Earl of Pembroke

Earl of Surrey

Earl of Surrey is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created five times.

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Earl of Warwick

Earl of Warwick is one of the most prestigious titles in the peerages of the United Kingdom.

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Edmund Ironside

Edmund Ironside (30 November 1016;,,; sometimes also known as Edmund II) was King of the English from 23 April to 30 November 1016.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Edmund Ironside

Emblem

An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a monarch or saint.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Emblem

Empress Matilda

Empress Matilda (10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Empress Matilda

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Origin of the coat of arms and England

English Channel

The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and English Channel

Enguerrand II de Coucy

Enguerrand II, Lord of Coucy, known as of La Fère or of Marle, was a French nobleman.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Enguerrand II de Coucy

Ermessenda de Castellbò

Ermessenda de Castellbò (died 1237), was an Andorran feudal ruler.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ermessenda de Castellbò

Eustace II, Count of Boulogne

Eustace II,, also known as Eustace aux Grenons ("Eustace with long moustaches"),Heather J. Tanner, 'Eustace (II), count of Boulogne (d. c.1087)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Eustace II, Count of Boulogne

Ferdinand II of León

Ferdinand II (c. 1137 – 22 January 1188), was a member of the Castilian cadet branch of the House of Ivrea and King of León and Galicia from 1157 until his death.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ferdinand II of León

Fess

In heraldry, a fess or fesse (from Middle English, Old French, and Latin, "band") is a charge on a coat of arms (or flag) that takes the form of a band running horizontally across the centre of the shield.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Fess

Fief

A fief (feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Fief

First Crusade

The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.

See Origin of the coat of arms and First Crusade

Flanders

Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Flanders

Frederick II, Duke of Austria

Frederick II (Friedrich II.; 25 April 1211 – 15 June 1246), known as Frederick the Quarrelsome (Friedrich der Streitbare), was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1230 until his death.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Frederick II, Duke of Austria

Gaius Marius

Gaius Marius (– 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Gaius Marius

Gens

In ancient Rome, a gens (or,;: gentes) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same ''nomen gentilicium'' and who claimed descent from a common ancestor.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Gens

Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou

Geoffrey II, called Martel (1006 – 14 November 1060), son of Fulk the Black, was Count of Anjou from 1040 to 1060 and Count of Vendôme from 1032 to 1056.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou

Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou

Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151), called the Fair (le Bel) or Plantagenet, was the Count of Anjou, Touraine and Maine by inheritance from 1129, and also Duke of Normandy by his marriage claim, and conquest, from 1144.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou

Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester

Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester (2 September 1243 – 7 December 1295) was a powerful English magnate.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester

Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln

Gilbert de Gant, 1st Earl of Lincoln (1126 – 1156) was an English nobleman who fought for King Stephen during The Anarchy.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln

Gonfalon

The gonfalon, gonfanon, gonfalone (from the early Italian confalone) is a type of heraldic flag or banner, often pointed, swallow-tailed, or with several streamers, and suspended from a crossbar in an identical manner to the ancient Roman vexillum.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Gonfalon

Gournay-sur-Marne

Gournay-sur-Marne (literally Gournay on Marne) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France in the Seine-Saint-Denis department.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Gournay-sur-Marne

Great helm

The great helm or heaume, also called pot helm, bucket helm and barrel helm, is a helmet of the High Middle Ages which arose in the late twelfth century in the context of the Crusades and remained in use until the fourteenth century.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Great helm

Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

See Origin of the coat of arms and Greeks

Griffin

The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (grýps; Classical Latin: grȳps or grȳpus; Late and Medieval Latin: gryphes, grypho etc.; Old French: griffon) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion, and the head and wings of an eagle with its talons on the front legs.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Griffin

Guigues IV of Forez

Guigues IV or Guy IV (died 10 August. or 29 October. 1241) was the count of Forez, Auxerre and Tonnerre from 1203 and the count of Nevers from 1226.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Guigues IV of Forez

Gules

In heraldry, gules is the tincture with the colour red.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Gules

Guy II of Dampierre

Guy II of Dampierre (died 18 January 1216) was constable of Champagne, and Lord of Dampierre, Bourbon and Montluçon.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Guy II of Dampierre

Halberd

A halberd (also called halbard, halbert or Swiss voulge) is a two-handed polearm that came to prominent use from the 13th to 16th centuries.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Halberd

Harding Bible

The Harding Bible is a 12th-century illuminated Latin Bible created in Cîteaux Abbey during the abbacy of Stephen Harding, dated 1109.

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Hargicourt, Somme

Hargicourt is a former commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Hargicourt, Somme

Henry I of England

Henry I (– 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Henry I of England

Henry I, Count of Champagne

Henry I (December 1127 – 16 March 1181), known as the Liberal, was count of Champagne from 1152 to 1181.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Henry I, Count of Champagne

Henry II of England

Henry II, also known as Henry Fitzempress and Henry Curtmantle, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Henry II of England

Henry II, Duke of Austria

Henry II (Heinrich; 1107 – 13 January 1177), called Jasomirgott, a member of the House of Babenberg,Lingelbach 1913, pp.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Henry II, Duke of Austria

Heraldry

Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Heraldry

Hertford

Hertford is the county town of Hertfordshire, England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Hertford

Hervé IV of Donzy

Hervé IV of Donzy (1173– 22 January 1222) was a French nobleman and participant in the Fifth Crusade.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Hervé IV of Donzy

High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300.

See Origin of the coat of arms and High Middle Ages

History of heraldry

Heraldry is the system of visual identification of rank and pedigree which developed in the European High Middle Ages,Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry, pp.

See Origin of the coat of arms and History of heraldry

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Holy Roman Empire

House of Beaumont

The Beaumont family was one of the great Anglo-Norman baronial noble families, who became rooted in England after the Norman Conquest.

See Origin of the coat of arms and House of Beaumont

House of Courtenay

The House of Courtenay is a medieval noble house, with branches in France, England and the Holy Land.

See Origin of the coat of arms and House of Courtenay

House of Montfort

The House of Montfort was a medieval French noble house that eventually found its way to the Kingdom of England and originated the famous Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.

See Origin of the coat of arms and House of Montfort

Hugh III, Count of Saint-Pol

Hugh III (French: Hugues) was count of Saint-Pol from 1130 until his death in 1141.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Hugh III, Count of Saint-Pol

Hugh IV, Count of Saint-Pol

Hugh IV of Saint-Pol (died March 1205 in Constantinople) from the House of Campdavaine, son of Anselm of Saint-Pol, was count of Saint-Pol from 1174 to his death, and lord of Demotika (Didymoteicho) in Thrace in 1204–05.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Hugh IV, Count of Saint-Pol

Hugh, Count of Vermandois

Hugh (1057 – October 18, 1101), called the Great (Hugues le Grand, Hugo Magnus) was the first count of Vermandois from the House of Capet.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Hugh, Count of Vermandois

Hypergamy

Hypergamy (colloquially referred to as "dating up" or "marrying up") is a term used in social science for the act or practice of a person dating or marrying a spouse of higher social status or sexual capital than themselves, and continuingly attempting to replace their current partner with someone they deem superior.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Hypergamy

Ida, Countess of Boulogne

Ida of Boulogne (c. 1160 – 1216) was suo jure Countess of Boulogne from 1173 until her death.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ida, Countess of Boulogne

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Italy

Jacques de Hemricourt

Jacques de Hemricourt (1333–1403) was a 14th-century mayor of Liège and chronicler of the nobility of Hesbaye.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Jacques de Hemricourt

Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Julius Caesar

King Arthur

King Arthur (Brenin Arthur, Arthur Gernow, Roue Arzhur, Roi Arthur), according to legends, was a king of Britain.

See Origin of the coat of arms and King Arthur

Kingdom of Burgundy

Kingdom of Burgundy was a name given to various states located in Western Europe during the Middle Ages.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Kingdom of Burgundy

Kingdom of León

The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Kingdom of León

A knight banneret, sometimes known simply as banneret, was a medieval knight who led a company of troops during time of war under his own banner (which was square-shaped, in contrast to the tapering standard or the pennon flown by the lower-ranking knights) and was eligible to bear supporters in English heraldry.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Knight banneret

Legion of Honour

The National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre royal de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil, and currently comprises five classes.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Legion of Honour

Leopold V, Duke of Austria

Leopold V (1157 – 31 December 1194), known as the Virtuous (der Tugendhafte) was a member of the House of Babenberg who reigned as Duke of Austria from 1177 and Duke of Styria within the Holy Roman Empire from 1192 until his death.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Leopold V, Duke of Austria

Leopold VI, Duke of Austria

Leopold VI (15 October 1176 – 28 July 1230), known as Leopold the Glorious, was Duke of Styria from 1194 and Duke of Austria from 1198 to his death in 1230.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Leopold VI, Duke of Austria

Lion (heraldry)

The lion is a common charge in heraldry.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Lion (heraldry)

List of counts of Roucy

This article is a list of the counts of Roucy.

See Origin of the coat of arms and List of counts of Roucy

List of grand dukes of Tuscany

The title of Grand Duke of Tuscany was created on August 27, 1569 by a papal bull of Pope Pius V to Cosimo I de' Medici, member of the illustrious House of Medici.

See Origin of the coat of arms and List of grand dukes of Tuscany

List of rulers of Austria

From 976 until 1246, the Margraviate of Austria and its successor, the Duchy of Austria, was ruled by the House of Babenberg.

See Origin of the coat of arms and List of rulers of Austria

Little Dunmow

Little Dunmow is a village situated in the Uttlesford district, in rural Essex, England, in the vale of the River Chelmer about east-southeast of the town of Great Dunmow.

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Loire

The Loire (Léger; Lêre; Liger; Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Loire

Lords of Coucy

The Lords of Coucy (sires de Coucy or seigneurs de Coucy), also spelt Couci, were a medieval lordship based on the barony of Coucy located in the current commune of Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique, Picardy.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Lords of Coucy

Louis VI of France

Louis VI (late 1081 – 1 August 1137), called the Fat (le Gros) or the Fighter (le Batailleur), was King of the Franks from 1108 to 1137.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Louis VI of France

Marie of France, Countess of Champagne

Marie of France (1145 – 11 March 1198) was a Capetian princess who became Countess of Champagne by her marriage to Henry I of Champagne.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Marie of France, Countess of Champagne

Marmoutier Abbey, Alsace

Marmoutier Abbey, otherwise Maursmünster Abbey, was a Benedictine monastery in the commune of Marmoutier in Alsace.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Marmoutier Abbey, Alsace

Marquess of Hertford

The titles of Earl of Hertford and Marquess of Hertford have been created several times in the peerages of England and Great Britain.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Marquess of Hertford

Mathilde of Bourbon

Mathilde of Bourbon (Mahaut de Bourbon; – c. 1218) was a French noblewoman who was the ruling Lady of Bourbon from 1171 until her death.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Mathilde of Bourbon

Matilda I, Countess of Nevers

Matilda I, Countess of Nevers or Mathilde de Courtenay, or Mahaut de Courtenay, (1188–1257), was a ruling countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Matilda I, Countess of Nevers

Mauléon, Deux-Sèvres

Mauléon, also known as Mauléon-Bocage is a commune and town in the French department of Deux-Sèvres, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, western France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Mauléon, Deux-Sèvres

Meuse

The Meuse (Moûze) or Maas (Maos or Maas) is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta.

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Michel Pastoureau

Michel Pastoureau (born 17 June 1947) is a French professor of medieval history and an expert in Western symbology.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Michel Pastoureau

Milo of Nanteuil

Milo of Nanteuil (Milon or Miles de Nanteuil) was a French cleric and crusader.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Milo of Nanteuil

Modern era

The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Modern era

Monmouth

Monmouth (Trefynwy; meaning "town on the Monnow") is a market town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, situated on where the River Monnow joins the River Wye, from the Wales–England border.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Monmouth

Navarre

Navarre, officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Navarre

Nesle

Nesle is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Nesle

Noah

Noah appears as the last of the Antediluvian patriarchs in the traditions of Abrahamic religions.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Noah

Nobility

Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Nobility

Notitia Dignitatum

The Notitia dignitatum et administrationum omnium tam civilium quam militarium (Latin for 'List of all dignities and administrations both civil and military') is a document of the Late Roman Empire that details the administrative organization of the Western and the Eastern Roman Empire.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Notitia Dignitatum

Occitan cross

The Occitan cross (also called cross of Occitania, cross of Languedoc, cross of Toulouse; heraldically cross cleché, pommetty and voided) is a heraldic cross, today chiefly used as a symbol of Occitania.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Occitan cross

Ordinary (heraldry)

In heraldry, an ordinary is one of the two main types of charges, beside the mobile charges.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ordinary (heraldry)

Ottokar II of Bohemia

Ottokar II (Přemysl Otakar II.;, in Městec Králové, Bohemia – 26 August 1278, in Dürnkrut, Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his death in 1278.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ottokar II of Bohemia

Ottokar III of Styria

Ottokar III (1124 – December 31, 1164) was Margrave of Styria from 1129 until 1164.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ottokar III of Styria

Palace of Aachen

The Palace of Aachen was a group of buildings with residential, political, and religious purposes chosen by Charlemagne to be the center of power of the Carolingian Empire.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Palace of Aachen

Pale (heraldry)

In heraldry and vexillology, a pale is a charge consisting of a band running vertically down the centre of a shield or flag.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Pale (heraldry)

Patronymic

A patronymic, or patronym, is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (more specifically an avonymic), or an earlier male ancestor.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Patronymic

Pennon

A pennon, also known as a pennant or pendant, is a long narrow flag which is larger at the hoist than at the fly, i.e., the flag narrows as it moves away from the flagpole.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Pennon

Percy Ernst Schramm

Percy Ernst Schramm (14 October 1894 – 12 November 1970) was a German historian who specialized in art history and medieval history.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Percy Ernst Schramm

Philip I, Count of Flanders

Philip I (1143 – 1 August 1191), commonly known as Philip of Alsace, was count of Flanders from 1168 to 1191.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Philip I, Count of Flanders

Picard language

Picard (also) is a langue d'oïl of the Romance language family spoken in the northernmost of France and parts of Hainaut province in Belgium.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Picard language

Pope Innocent IV

Pope Innocent IV (Innocentius IV; – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Pope Innocent IV

Ralph I, Count of Vermandois

Ralph I of Vermandois (French: Raoul Ier) (d. 14 October 1152) was Count of Vermandois.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ralph I, Count of Vermandois

Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona

Ramon Berenguer III the Great (11 November 1082 – 23 January or 19 July 1131) was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1086 (jointly with Berenguer Ramon II and solely from 1097), Besalú from 1111, Cerdanya from 1117, and count of Provence in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1112, all until his death in Barcelona in 1131.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona

Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona

Ramon Berenguer IV (c. 1114 – 6 August 1162, Anglicized Raymond Berengar IV), sometimes called the Saint, was the count of Barcelona and the consort of Aragon who brought about the union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon to form the Crown of Aragon.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona

Raymond V, Count of Toulouse

Raymond V (Ramon; c. 1134 – c. 1194) was Count of Toulouse from 1148 until his death in 1194.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Raymond V, Count of Toulouse

Reconquista

The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for "reconquest") or the reconquest of al-Andalus was the successful series of military campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Reconquista

Renaud II, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis

Renaud II of Clermont (Renaud/Rainald II de Clermont; 1075–1152) was son of Hugh I, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marguerite de Roucy (daughter of Hilduin IV, Count of Montdidier).

See Origin of the coat of arms and Renaud II, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis

Rhine

--> The Rhine is one of the major European rivers.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Rhine

Richard de Lucy

Richard de Lucy, Luci, Lucie, or Lusti (1089– 14 July 1179), also known as Richard the Loyal, was first noted as High Sheriff of Essex, after which he was made Chief Justiciar of England.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Richard de Lucy

Richard fitz Gilbert

Richard fitz Gilbert (before 1035–), 1st feudal baron of Clare in Suffolk, was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066, and was styled "de Bienfaite", "de Clare", and of "Tonbridge" from his holdings.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Richard fitz Gilbert

Robert Curthose

Robert Curthose (– February 1134), was the eldest son of William the Conqueror and succeeded his father as Robert II of Normandy in 1087, reigning until 1106.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Robert Curthose

Robert I, Count of Dreux

Robert I of Dreux, nicknamed the Great (– 11 October 1188), was the fifth son of Louis VI of France and Adélaide de Maurienne.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Robert I, Count of Dreux

Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester

Robert FitzRoy, 1st Earl of Gloucester (c. 1090 – 31 October 1147David Crouch, 'Robert, first earl of Gloucester (b. c. 1090, d. 1147)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006) (alias Robert Rufus, Robert de Caen (Latinised to Robertus de Cadomo), Robert Consul) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester

Roger-Bernard I, Count of Foix

Roger Bernard I the Fat (c. 1130 – November 1188) was the fifth Count of Foix from 1148.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roger-Bernard I, Count of Foix

Roll of arms

A roll of arms (or armorial) is a collection of coats of arms, usually consisting of rows of painted pictures of shields, each shield accompanied by the name of the person bearing the arms.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roll of arms

Roman army

The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) was the armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC) to the Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC) and the Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD), and its medieval continuation, the Eastern Roman Empire.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roman army

Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais

The Diocese of Beauvais, Noyon, and Senlis (Dioecesis Bellovacensis, Noviomensis et Silvanectensis; Diocèse de Beauvais, Noyon et Senlis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais

Roman Catholic Diocese of Langres

The Diocese of Langres (Latin: Dioecesis Lingonensis; French: Diocèse de Langres) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church comprising the département of Haute-Marne in France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roman Catholic Diocese of Langres

Roman de Rou

Roman de Rou ("Romance of Rollo") is a verse chronicle by Wace in Norman covering the history of the Dukes of Normandy from the time of Rollo of Normandy to the battle of Tinchebray in 1106.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roman de Rou

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roman Empire

Roman legion

The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roman legion

Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roman Republic

Roundel (heraldry)

A roundel is a circular charge in heraldry.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Roundel (heraldry)

Rudolf I of Germany

Rudolf I (1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291) was the first King of Germany from the House of Habsburg.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Rudolf I of Germany

Rule of tincture

The rule of tincture is a design philosophy found in some heraldic traditions that states "metal should not be put on metal, nor colour on colour".

See Origin of the coat of arms and Rule of tincture

Sable (heraldry)

In British heraldry, sable is the tincture equivalent to black.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Sable (heraldry)

Saint Peter

Saint Peter (died AD 64–68), also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Saint Peter

Saint-Vérain

Saint-Vérain is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France, in the historical region of Puisaye.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Saint-Vérain

Salm (state)

Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Salm (state)

Salm family

The House of Salm was an ancient Lotharingian noble family originating from Salmchâteau in the Ardennes (present-day Belgium) and ruling Salm.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Salm family

Saxony-Anhalt

Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt; Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Saxony-Anhalt

Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Scandinavia

Scotland

Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Scotland

Seal (emblem)

A seal is a device for making an impression in wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Seal (emblem)

Second Crusade

The Second Crusade (1147–1150) was the second major crusade launched from Europe.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Second Crusade

Shield

A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand, which may or may not be strapped to the wrist or forearm.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Shield

Shield boss

A shield boss, or umbo, is a round, convex or conical piece of material at the centre of a shield.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Shield boss

Sign

A sign is an object, quality, event, or entity whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Sign

Southern England

Southern England, also known as the South of England or the South, is a sub-national part of England with cultural, economic and political differences from both the Midlands and the North.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Southern England

Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Spain

Squire

In the Middle Ages, a squire was the shield- or armour-bearer of a knight.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Squire

Stain (heraldry)

In heraldry, a stain (sometimes termed stainand colour or staynard colour) is one of a few non-standard tinctures or colours (namely murrey, sanguine and tenné), which are only known to occur in post-medieval heraldry and may be used as part of a rebatement of honour.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Stain (heraldry)

Stephen Harding

Stephen Harding (Étienne Harding) (28 March 1134) was an English-born monk and abbot, who was one of the founders of the Cistercian Order.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Stephen Harding

System

A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole.

See Origin of the coat of arms and System

Theodoric I, Count of Montbéliard

Theodoric I (Thierry) (ca. 1045 – 2 January 1105) was a Count of Montbéliard, Count of Bar and lord of Mousson (as Theodoric II) and Count of Verdun.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Theodoric I, Count of Montbéliard

Theresa of Portugal, Countess of Flanders

Theresa of Portugal (Teresa or Tereza,; Archaic Portuguese: Tarasia; 11511218) was Countess of Flanders by marriage to Philip I, Count of Flanders, and Duchess of Burgundy by marriage to Odo III, Duke of Burgundy.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Theresa of Portugal, Countess of Flanders

Thuringia

Thuringia, officially the Free State of Thuringia, is a state of central Germany, covering, the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Thuringia

Tincture (heraldry)

Tincture is the limited palette of colours and patterns used in heraldry.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Tincture (heraldry)

Tournament (medieval)

A tournament, or tourney (from Old French torneiement, tornei), was a chivalrous competition or mock fight that was common in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (12th to 16th centuries), and is a type of hastilude.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Tournament (medieval)

Vassal

A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Vassal

Vermandois

Vermandois was a French county that appeared in the Merovingian period.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Vermandois

Vert (heraldry)

In British heraldry, vert is the tincture equivalent to green.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Vert (heraldry)

Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester

Waleran de Beaumont (1104–1166) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester

Welf VI

Welf VI (111515 December 1191) was the margrave of Tuscany (1152–1162) and duke of Spoleto (1152–1162), the third son of Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, and a member of the illustrious family of the Welf (House of Guelph).

See Origin of the coat of arms and Welf VI

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, Lord of Lewes, Seigneur de Varennes (died 1088), was a Norman nobleman created Earl of Surrey under William II Rufus.

See Origin of the coat of arms and William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey

William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

William IV (French: Guillaume Alexandre; 22 April 1852 – 25 February 1912) was Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 17 November 1905 until his death in 1912.

See Origin of the coat of arms and William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

William of Joinville

William of Joinville (French Guillaume de Joinville; died 1226) was a French ecclesiastic.

See Origin of the coat of arms and William of Joinville

William of Poitiers

William of Poitiers (Guillelmus Pictaviensis, Guillaume de Poitiers; 10201090) was a Norman priest who served as the chaplain of Duke William II of Normandy (William the Conqueror), for whom he chronicled the Norman conquest of England in his Gesta Willelmi ducis Normannorum et regis Anglorum ("The Deeds of William, Duke of the Normans and King of the English").

See Origin of the coat of arms and William of Poitiers

William the Conqueror

William the Conqueror (Bates William the Conqueror p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death.

See Origin of the coat of arms and William the Conqueror

Yves II, Count of Soissons

Yves II le Vieux of Nesle (Ives, Ivo) (d. 1178), son of Raoul I, Seigneur of Nesle, and his wife Rainurde (Ermentrude) of Eu-Soissons.

See Origin of the coat of arms and Yves II, Count of Soissons

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_coat_of_arms

, County of Guînes, County of Meulan, County of Montbéliard, County of Nevers, County of Saint-Pol, Crest (heraldry), David, De Clare, Division of the field, Douce I, Countess of Provence, Duke of Spoleto, Eagle, Eagle (heraldry), Earl of Leicester, Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Surrey, Earl of Warwick, Edmund Ironside, Emblem, Empress Matilda, England, English Channel, Enguerrand II de Coucy, Ermessenda de Castellbò, Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, Ferdinand II of León, Fess, Fief, First Crusade, Flanders, Frederick II, Duke of Austria, Gaius Marius, Gens, Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln, Gonfalon, Gournay-sur-Marne, Great helm, Greeks, Griffin, Guigues IV of Forez, Gules, Guy II of Dampierre, Halberd, Harding Bible, Hargicourt, Somme, Henry I of England, Henry I, Count of Champagne, Henry II of England, Henry II, Duke of Austria, Heraldry, Hertford, Hervé IV of Donzy, High Middle Ages, History of heraldry, Holy Roman Empire, House of Beaumont, House of Courtenay, House of Montfort, Hugh III, Count of Saint-Pol, Hugh IV, Count of Saint-Pol, Hugh, Count of Vermandois, Hypergamy, Ida, Countess of Boulogne, Italy, Jacques de Hemricourt, Julius Caesar, King Arthur, Kingdom of Burgundy, Kingdom of León, Knight banneret, Legion of Honour, Leopold V, Duke of Austria, Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, Lion (heraldry), List of counts of Roucy, List of grand dukes of Tuscany, List of rulers of Austria, Little Dunmow, Loire, Lords of Coucy, Louis VI of France, Marie of France, Countess of Champagne, Marmoutier Abbey, Alsace, Marquess of Hertford, Mathilde of Bourbon, Matilda I, Countess of Nevers, Mauléon, Deux-Sèvres, Meuse, Michel Pastoureau, Milo of Nanteuil, Modern era, Monmouth, Navarre, Nesle, Noah, Nobility, Notitia Dignitatum, Occitan cross, Ordinary (heraldry), Ottokar II of Bohemia, Ottokar III of Styria, Palace of Aachen, Pale (heraldry), Patronymic, Pennon, Percy Ernst Schramm, Philip I, Count of Flanders, Picard language, Pope Innocent IV, Ralph I, Count of Vermandois, Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, Raymond V, Count of Toulouse, Reconquista, Renaud II, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Rhine, Richard de Lucy, Richard fitz Gilbert, Robert Curthose, Robert I, Count of Dreux, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, Roger-Bernard I, Count of Foix, Roll of arms, Roman army, Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais, Roman Catholic Diocese of Langres, Roman de Rou, Roman Empire, Roman legion, Roman Republic, Roundel (heraldry), Rudolf I of Germany, Rule of tincture, Sable (heraldry), Saint Peter, Saint-Vérain, Salm (state), Salm family, Saxony-Anhalt, Scandinavia, Scotland, Seal (emblem), Second Crusade, Shield, Shield boss, Sign, Southern England, Spain, Squire, Stain (heraldry), Stephen Harding, System, Theodoric I, Count of Montbéliard, Theresa of Portugal, Countess of Flanders, Thuringia, Tincture (heraldry), Tournament (medieval), Vassal, Vermandois, Vert (heraldry), Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester, Welf VI, William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, William of Joinville, William of Poitiers, William the Conqueror, Yves II, Count of Soissons.

Origin of the coat of arms, the Glossary

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