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Orthomyxoviridae, the Glossary

Orthomyxoviridae (from Greek ὀρθός, orthós 'straight' + μύξα, mýxa 'mucus') is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses.^[1]

126 relations: Alternative splicing, Amantadine, Antigen, Antigenic shift, Arbovirus, Arthropod, Articulavirales, Atlantic salmon, Avian influenza, Bat, Bird, Blood, Bourbon virus, Cap snatching, Capsid, Case fatality rate, Cattle, Cell nucleus, Cytoplasm, Detergent, Dhori virus, Disinfectant, Earless seal, Endocytosis, Endosome, Enzyme, Epidemic, Epithelium, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Feces, Genome, Genus, Glycoprotein, Golgi apparatus, Greek language, Hemagglutinin, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Hong Kong flu, Horse, Host (biology), Human, Influenza, Influenza A virus, Influenza A virus subtype H10N7, Influenza A virus subtype H1N1, Influenza A virus subtype H1N2, Influenza A virus subtype H2N2, Influenza A virus subtype H3N1, Influenza A virus subtype H3N2, Influenza A virus subtype H3N8, ... Expand index (76 more) »

Alternative splicing

Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Alternative splicing

Amantadine, sold under the brand name Gocovri among others, is a medication used to treat dyskinesia associated with parkinsonism and influenza caused by type A influenzavirus, though its use for the latter is no longer recommended because of widespread drug resistance.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Amantadine

Antigen

In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Antigen

Antigenic shift

Antigenic shift is the process by which two or more different strains of a virus, or strains of two or more different viruses, combine to form a new subtype having a mixture of the surface antigens of the two or more original strains.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Antigenic shift

Arbovirus

Arbovirus is an informal name for any virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Arbovirus

Arthropod

Arthropods are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Arthropod

Articulavirales

Articulavirales is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses which infect invertebrates and vertebrates.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Articulavirales

Atlantic salmon

The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Atlantic salmon

Avian influenza

Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Avian influenza

Bat

Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Bat

Bird

Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Bird

Blood

Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Blood

Bourbon virus

Bourbon virus is an RNA virus in the genus Thogotovirus of the family Orthomyxoviridae, which is similar to Dhori virus and Batken virus.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Bourbon virus

Cap snatching

The first step of transcription for some negative, single-stranded RNA viruses is cap snatching, in which the first 10 to 20 residues of a host cell RNA are removed (snatched) and used as the 5′ cap and primer to initiate the synthesis of the nascent viral mRNA.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Cap snatching

Capsid

A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Capsid

Case fatality rate

In epidemiology, case fatality rate (CFR) – or sometimes more accurately case-fatality risk – is the proportion of people who have been diagnosed with a certain disease and end up dying of it.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Case fatality rate

Cattle

Cattle (Bos taurus) are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus Bos. Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls. Young female cattle are called heifers, young male cattle are oxen or bullocks, and castrated male cattle are known as steers.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Cattle

Cell nucleus

The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Cell nucleus

Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Cytoplasm

Detergent

A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Detergent

Dhori virus

Dhori virus (DHOV) is a species of the genus Thogotovirus and a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Dhori virus

Disinfectant

A disinfectant is a chemical substance or compound used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Disinfectant

Earless seal

The earless seals, phocids, or true seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal lineage, Pinnipedia.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Earless seal

Endocytosis

Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Endocytosis

Endosome

Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Endosome

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Enzyme

Epidemic

An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Epidemic

Epithelium

Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Epithelium

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is an agency of the European Union (EU) whose mission is to strengthen Europe's defences against infectious diseases.

See Orthomyxoviridae and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

Feces

Feces (or faeces;: faex) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Feces

Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Genome

Genus

Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Genus

Glycoprotein

Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide (sugar) chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Glycoprotein

Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Golgi apparatus

Greek language

Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Greek language

Hemagglutinin

In molecular biology, hemagglutinins (alternatively spelt haemagglutinin, from the Greek haima, 'blood' + Latin gluten, 'glue') are receptor-binding membrane fusion glycoproteins produced by viruses in the Paramyxoviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Hemagglutinin

Hemagglutinin (influenza)

Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) or haemagglutininp (British English) is a homotrimeric glycoprotein found on the surface of influenza viruses and is integral to its infectivity.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Hemagglutinin (influenza)

Hong Kong flu

The Hong Kong flu, also known as the 1968 flu pandemic, was a flu pandemic that occurred in 1968 and 1969 and which killed between one and four million people globally.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Hong Kong flu

Horse

The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Horse

Host (biology)

In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Host (biology)

Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Human

Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza

Influenza A virus

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a pathogen with strains that infect birds and some mammals, as well as causing seasonal flu in humans.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus

Influenza A virus subtype H10N7

Influenza A virus subtype H10N7 (A/H10N7) is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H10N7

Influenza A virus subtype H1N1

In virology, influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) is a subtype of influenza A virus.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H1N1

Influenza A virus subtype H1N2

Influenza A virus subtype H1N2 (A/H1N2) is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu or swine flu).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H1N2

Influenza A virus subtype H2N2

Influenza A virus subtype H2N2 (A/H2N2) is a subtype of Influenza A virus.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H2N2

Influenza A virus subtype H3N1

H3N1 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus, mostly affecting pigs.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H3N1

Influenza A virus subtype H3N2

Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) is a subtype of viruses that causes influenza (flu).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H3N2

Influenza A virus subtype H3N8

H3N8 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus that is endemic in birds, horses and dogs.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H3N8

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes influenza (flu), predominantly in birds.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H5N1

Influenza A virus subtype H5N2

H5 N2 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H5N2

Influenza A virus subtype H5N3

H5N3 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called the bird flu virus).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H5N3

Influenza A virus subtype H5N8

H5N8 is a subtype of the influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu) and is highly lethal to wild birds and poultry.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H5N8

Influenza A virus subtype H7N1

H7N1 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H7N1

Influenza A virus subtype H7N2

Influenza A virus subtype H7N2 (A/H7N2) is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H7N2

Influenza A virus subtype H7N3

Influenza A virus subtype H7N3 (A/H7N3) is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H7N3

Influenza A virus subtype H7N4

H7N4 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (sometimes called bird flu virus).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H7N4

Influenza A virus subtype H7N7

Influenza A virus subtype H7N7 (A/H7N7) is a subtype of Influenza A virus, a genus of Orthomyxovirus, the viruses responsible for influenza.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H7N7

Influenza A virus subtype H7N9

Influenza A virus subtype H7N9 (A/H7N9) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes influenza (flu), predominantly in birds.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H7N9

Influenza A virus subtype H9N2

Influenza A virus subtype H9N2 (A/H9N2) is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (bird flu virus).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza A virus subtype H9N2

Influenza B virus

Influenza B virus is the only species in the genus Betainfluenzavirus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza B virus

Influenza C virus

Influenza C virus is the only species in the genus Gammainfluenzavirus, in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae, which like other influenza viruses, causes influenza.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza C virus

Influenza D virus

Influenza D virus is a species in the virus genus Deltainfluenzavirus, in the family Orthomyxoviridae, that causes influenza.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza D virus

Influenza pandemic

An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads across a large region (either multiple continents or worldwide) and infects a large proportion of the population.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza pandemic

Influenza-like illness

Influenza-like illness (ILI), also known as flu-like syndrome or flu-like symptoms, is a medical diagnosis of possible influenza or other illness causing a set of common symptoms.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Influenza-like illness

Invertebrate

Invertebrates is an umbrella term describing animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a spine or backbone), which evolved from the notochord.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Invertebrate

Isolation (microbiology)

In microbiology, the term isolation refers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, as present in the environment, for example in water or soil, or from living beings with skin flora, oral flora or gut flora, in order to identify the microbe(s) of interest.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Isolation (microbiology)

Johnston Atoll virus

Quaranjavirus johnstonense is the type virus of the Quaranjavirus genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. The virus was first isolated in 1964 from ticks found in a Noddy Tern nest on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Johnston Atoll virus

Lectin

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Lectin

Lipid bilayer

The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Lipid bilayer

Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Mammal

Messenger RNA

In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Messenger RNA

Mosquito

Mosquitoes, the Culicidae, are a family of small flies consisting of 3,600 species.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Mosquito

Mucus

Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Mucus

Nanometre

molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) of a meter (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Nanometre

National Institute for Medical Research

The National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), was a medical research institute based in Mill Hill, on the outskirts of north London, England.

See Orthomyxoviridae and National Institute for Medical Research

Negative-strand RNA virus

Negative-strand RNA viruses (−ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Negative-strand RNA virus

Neuraminidase

Exo-α-sialidase (sialidase, neuraminidase; systematic name acetylneuraminyl hydrolase) is a glycoside hydrolase that cleaves the glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids: Neuraminidase enzymes are a large family, found in a range of organisms.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Neuraminidase

Nucleoprotein

Nucleoproteins are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Nucleoprotein

Nucleotide

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Nucleotide

Offspring

In biology, offspring are the young creation of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Offspring

Oseltamivir

Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B, viruses that cause the flu.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Oseltamivir

Pandemic severity index

The pandemic severity index (PSI) was a proposed classification scale for reporting the severity of influenza pandemics in the United States.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Pandemic severity index

Particulates

Particulates or atmospheric particulate matter (see below for other names) are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Particulates

Peramivir

Peramivir (trade name Rapivab) is an antiviral drug developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of influenza.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Peramivir

Phylogenetics

In biology, phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Phylogenetics

Pig

The pig (Sus domesticus), also called swine (swine) or hog, is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Pig

Pinniped

Pinnipeds (pronounced), commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic, mostly marine mammals.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Pinniped

Pleomorphism (microbiology)

In microbiology, pleomorphism (from Ancient Greek, pléō, "more", and, morphḗ, form), also pleiomorphism, is the ability of some microorganisms to alter their morphology, biological functions or reproductive modes in response to environmental conditions.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Pleomorphism (microbiology)

Proofreading (biology)

The term proofreading is used in genetics to refer to the error-correcting processes, first proposed by John Hopfield and Jacques Ninio, involved in DNA replication, immune system specificity, and enzyme-substrate recognition among many other processes that require enhanced specificity.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Proofreading (biology)

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Protein

Quaranfil quaranjavirus

Quaranfil quaranjavirus is the type virus of the Quaranjavirus genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. It has a negative sense, single-stranded RNA genome composed of 6 segments.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Quaranfil quaranjavirus

Quaranjavirus

Quaranjavirus is a genus of enveloped RNA viruses, one of seven genera in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Quaranjavirus

Reassortment

Reassortment is the mixing of the genetic material of a species into new combinations in different individuals.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Reassortment

Retrovirus

A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Retrovirus

Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Reuters

Ribosome

Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Ribosome

Rimantadine

Rimantadine (INN, sold under the trade name) is an orally administered antiviral drug used to treat, and in rare cases prevent, influenzavirus A infection.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Rimantadine

RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA).

See Orthomyxoviridae and RNA

RNA virus

An RNA virus is a virusother than a retrovirusthat has ribonucleic acid (RNA) as its genetic material.

See Orthomyxoviridae and RNA virus

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template.

See Orthomyxoviridae and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Saliva

Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Saliva

Salmon

Salmon (salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Salmon

Salmon isavirus

Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a viral disease of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by Salmon isavirus.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Salmon isavirus

Sense (molecular biology)

In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Sense (molecular biology)

Serotype

A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Serotype

Sialic acid

Sialic acids are a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Sialic acid

Siberia

Siberia (Sibir') is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Siberia

Spanish flu

The 1918–1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 subtype of the influenza A virus.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Spanish flu

Species

A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Species

Superinfection

A superinfection is a second infection superimposed on an earlier one, especially by a different microbial agent of exogenous or endogenous origin, that is resistant to the treatment being used against the first infection.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Superinfection

Swine influenza

Swine influenza is an infection caused by any of several types of swine influenza viruses.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Swine influenza

Taxonomy (biology)

In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Taxonomy (biology)

The New Zealand Herald

The New Zealand Herald is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment, and considered a newspaper of record for New Zealand.

See Orthomyxoviridae and The New Zealand Herald

Thogotovirus

Thogotovirus is a genus of enveloped RNA viruses, one of seven genera in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Thogotovirus

Tick

Ticks are parasitic arachnids of the order Ixodida.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Tick

Type species

In zoological nomenclature, a type species (species typica) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen (or specimens).

See Orthomyxoviridae and Type species

University of Minnesota

The University of Minnesota (formally the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities), colloquially referred to as "The U", is a public land-grant research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.

See Orthomyxoviridae and University of Minnesota

Vertebrate

Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Vertebrate

Viral envelope

A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Viral envelope

Viral matrix protein

Viral matrix proteins are structural proteins linking the viral envelope with the virus core.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Viral matrix protein

Virus

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Virus

Zanamivir

Zanamivir is a medication used to treat and prevent influenza caused by influenza A and influenza B viruses.

See Orthomyxoviridae and Zanamivir

1889–1890 pandemic

The 1889–1890 pandemic, often referred to as the "Asiatic flu" or "Russian flu", was a worldwide respiratory viral pandemic.

See Orthomyxoviridae and 1889–1890 pandemic

2009 swine flu pandemic

The 2009 swine flu pandemic, caused by the H1N1/swine flu/influenza virus and declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) from June 2009 to August 2010, was the third recent flu pandemic involving the H1N1 virus (the first being the 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic and the second being the 1977 Russian flu).

See Orthomyxoviridae and 2009 swine flu pandemic

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae

Also known as Flu (virus), Flu virus, Influenza (virus), Influenza Virus, Influenza viruses, Influenzavirus, Orthomyxoviridae infections, Orthomyxovirus.

Orthomyxoviridae, the Glossary

Table of Contents

References