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Pap test, the Glossary

The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women).^[1]

80 relations: Adenocarcinoma, American Cancer Society, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American Society for Clinical Pathology, Amoxicillin, Anaerobic organism, Andromachi Papanikolaou, Anna Marion Hilliard, Aurel Babeș, Ayre spatula, Bacterial cellular morphologies, Bethesda system, Biomedical scientist, Canadians, Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Research UK, Candida (fungus), Candida albicans, Cell (biology), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cervical canal, Cervical cancer, Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Cervical screening, Cervicography, Cervix, Colposcopy, Cytotechnology, DNA virus, Endometrial cancer, Endometrium, Epithelium, Georgios Papanikolaou, Gestational age, Gold standard (test), Greeks, Hashime Murayama, Herpes simplex virus, HPV vaccine, Human anus, Human papillomavirus infection, Hysterectomy, Laboratory, Liquid-based cytology, MedlinePlus, Menopause, Menstrual cycle, Metronidazole, Micrograph, ... Expand index (30 more) »
Cervical cancer
Cytopathology
Diagnostic obstetrics and gynaecology
Greek inventions
Papillomavirus-associated diseases

Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma (plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata; AC) is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body. Pap test and adenocarcinoma are infectious causes of cancer.

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American Cancer Society

The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide non-profit organization dedicated to eliminating cancer.

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American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) is a professional association of physicians specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in the United States.

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American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG) is a peer reviewed journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

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American Society for Clinical Pathology

The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), formerly known as the American Society of Clinical Pathologists is a professional association based in Chicago, Illinois encompassing 130,000 pathologists and laboratory professionals.

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Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic medication belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family.

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Anaerobic organism

An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth.

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Andromachi Papanikolaou

Andromachi "Mary" Mavrogeni Papanikolaou; her name is transcribed differently in various sources; her first name is written as either Andromahi, Andromachi or Andromache, her maiden name as Mavroyeni, Mavrogeni, Mavrogenis or Mavrogenous, and her last name as Papanikolaou or Papanicolaou.

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Anna Marion Hilliard

Anna Marion Hilliard (June 17, 1902 – July 15, 1958) was a Canadian physician best known for her contribution to the development of a simplified Pap test.

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Aurel Babeș

Aurel A. Babeș (11 December 1886 – 7 August 1962) was a Romanian scientist and one of the discoverers of the vaginal smear as screening test for cervical cancer.

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Ayre spatula

The Ayre spatula is a device used to collect Pap smear.

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Bacterial cellular morphologies

Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification.

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Bethesda system

The Bethesda system (TBS), officially called The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, used for reporting Pap smear results. Pap test and Bethesda system are cervical cancer and papillomavirus-associated diseases.

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Biomedical scientist

A biomedical scientist is a scientist trained in biology, particularly in the context of medical laboratory sciences or laboratory medicine.

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Canadians

Canadians (Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada.

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Cancer Council Victoria

Cancer Council Victoria is a not-for-profit organisation which aims to reduce the impact of cancer in Victoria.

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Cancer Research UK

Cancer Research UK (CRUK) is the world's largest independent cancer research organisation.

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Candida (fungus)

Candida is a genus of yeasts.

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Candida albicans

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human gut flora.

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Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States.

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Cervical canal

The cervical canal is the spindle-shaped, flattened canal of the cervix which connects the vagina to the main cavity of the uterus in most mammals.

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Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix or in the any layer of the wall of the cervix. Pap test and Cervical cancer are infectious causes of cancer and papillomavirus-associated diseases.

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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), also known as cervical dysplasia, is the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix that could potentially lead to cervical cancer. Pap test and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are cervical cancer, infectious causes of cancer and papillomavirus-associated diseases.

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Cervical screening

Cervical cancer screening is a medical screening test designed to identify risk of cervical cancer. Pap test and cervical screening are cervical cancer, infectious causes of cancer and papillomavirus-associated diseases.

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Cervicography

Cervicography is a diagnostic medical procedure in which a non-physician takes pictures of the cervix and submits them to a physician for interpretation. Pap test and Cervicography are cervical cancer.

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Cervix

The cervix (cervices) or cervix uteri is a dynamic fibromuscular organ of the female reproductive system that connects the vagina with the uterine cavity.

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Colposcopy

Colposcopy (hollow, womb, vagina + skopos 'look at') is a medical diagnostic procedure to visually examine the cervix as well as the vagina and vulva using a colposcope. Pap test and colposcopy are cervical cancer and diagnostic obstetrics and gynaecology.

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Cytotechnology

Cytotechnology is the microscopic interpretation of cells to detect cancer and other abnormalities.

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DNA virus

A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is replicated by a DNA polymerase.

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Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).

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Endometrium

The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.

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Epithelium

Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

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Georgios Papanikolaou

Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (or George Papanicolaou; Γεώργιος Ν.; 13 May 1883 – 19 February 1962) was a Greek physician, zoologist and microscopist who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the "Pap smear".

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Gestational age

In obstetrics, gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy taken from the beginning of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method, if available.

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Gold standard (test)

In medicine and medical statistics, the gold standard, criterion standard, or reference standard is the diagnostic test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions. Pap test and gold standard (test) are medical tests.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Hashime Murayama

Hashime Murayama (1879–1954) was a Japanese American painter and scientific illustrator.

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Herpes simplex virus

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known by their taxonomic names Human alphaherpesvirus 1 and Human alphaherpesvirus 2, are two members of the human ''Herpesviridae'' family, a set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans.

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HPV vaccine

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are vaccines that prevent infection by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Pap test and HPV vaccine are cervical cancer and infectious causes of cancer.

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Human anus

In humans, the anus (anuses or ani; from Latin ānus, "ring", "circle") is the external opening of the rectum located inside the intergluteal cleft.

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Human papillomavirus infection

Human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family. Pap test and Human papillomavirus infection are cervical cancer, infectious causes of cancer and papillomavirus-associated diseases.

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Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and cervix.

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Laboratory

A laboratory (colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

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Liquid-based cytology

Liquid-based cytology is a method of preparing samples for examination in cytopathology. Pap test and Liquid-based cytology are cervical cancer, cytopathology, diagnostic obstetrics and gynaecology and medical tests.

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MedlinePlus

MedlinePlus is an online information service produced by the United States National Library of Medicine.

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Menopause

Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time when menstrual periods permanently stop, marking the end of reproduction.

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Menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible.

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Metronidazole

Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication.

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Micrograph

A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object.

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Microscope

A microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

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Miscarriage

Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is the death and expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive independently.

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National Cancer Institute

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) coordinates the United States National Cancer Program and is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world.

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National Health Service

The National Health Service (NHS) is the umbrella term for the publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom, comprising the NHS in England, NHS Scotland and NHS Wales.

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Papanicolaou stain

Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic (multicolored) cytological staining technique developed by George Papanicolaou in 1942. Pap test and Papanicolaou stain are cervical cancer and cytopathology.

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Pathology

Pathology is the study of disease and injury.

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Penile cancer

Penile cancer, or penile carcinoma, is a cancer that develops in the skin or tissues of the penis. Pap test and penile cancer are papillomavirus-associated diseases.

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Preterm birth

Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks.

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Sensitivity and specificity

In medicine and statistics, sensitivity and specificity mathematically describe the accuracy of a test that reports the presence or absence of a medical condition.

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Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada

The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) is a national medical society in Canada, representing over 4,000 obstetricians/gynaecologists, family physicians, nurses, midwives, and allied health professionals in the field of sexual reproductive health.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra.

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Speculoscopy

Speculoscopy is a procedure in which a special blue-white light (Speculite) is used to examine the cervix for cancerous or pre-cancerous lesions. Pap test and Speculoscopy are cervical cancer.

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Speculum (medicine)

A speculum (Latin for 'mirror';: specula or speculums) is a historical medical tool for investigating body orifices, with a form dependent on the orifice for which it is designed.

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Squamous intraepithelial lesion

A squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is an abnormal growth of epithelial cells on the surface of the cervix, commonly called squamous cells. Pap test and squamous intraepithelial lesion are cervical cancer and papillomavirus-associated diseases.

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Squamous-cell carcinoma

The term squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), also known as epidermoid carcinoma, comprises a number of different types of cancer that begin in squamous cells.

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Stenosis of uterine cervix

Cervical stenosis means that the opening in the cervix (the endocervical canal) is more narrow than is typical.

See Pap test and Stenosis of uterine cervix

Streptococcus

Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Bacillota.

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Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

The Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) is a public medical school based in Lubbock, Texas, with additional campuses in Abilene, Amarillo, Dallas, and the Permian Basin.

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Tincture

A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol).

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of a sexually transmitted disease called trichomoniasis.

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Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis (trich) is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Pap test and Trichomoniasis are infectious causes of cancer.

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Triple smear

Triple smear, also known as vaginal-cervical-endocervical (VCE) smear is a cytopathology technique for identifying lesions of the female genital tract. Pap test and Triple smear are cytopathology and medical tests.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United States Preventive Services Task Force

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is "an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services".

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Vaginal discharge

Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, and bacteria that lubricate and protect the vagina.

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Vaginal flora

Vaginal flora, vaginal microbiota or vaginal microbiome are the microorganisms that colonize the vagina.

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Vaginismus

Vaginismus is a condition in which involuntary muscle spasm interferes with vaginal intercourse or other penetration of the vagina.

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Vaginoplasty

Vaginoplasty is any surgical procedure that results in the construction or reconstruction of the vagina.

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Well-woman examination

A well-woman examination is an exam offered to women to review elements of their reproductive health.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap_test

Also known as ASCUS, Aylesbury spatula, Cancer smear, Cervical Smear, Cervical pap, Cervical smear test, Exfoliative cervical cytology, PAP Smear, PAP-smear, Pap screening, Pap smear test, Pap smears, Pap tests, Papanicolaou Test, Papanicolaou smear, Papanicolau, Papanicolau test, Papanicolou, Papanicoulau smear, Papsmear, Vaginal examination, Vaginal smears.

, Microscope, Miscarriage, National Cancer Institute, National Geographic Society, National Health Service, Papanicolaou stain, Pathology, Penile cancer, Preterm birth, Sensitivity and specificity, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Spectroscopy, Speculoscopy, Speculum (medicine), Squamous intraepithelial lesion, Squamous-cell carcinoma, Stenosis of uterine cervix, Streptococcus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Tincture, Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomoniasis, Triple smear, United Kingdom, United States Preventive Services Task Force, Vaginal discharge, Vaginal flora, Vaginismus, Vaginoplasty, Well-woman examination.

Pap test, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Cervical cancer

Cytopathology

Diagnostic obstetrics and gynaecology

Greek inventions

Papillomavirus-associated diseases

References